{"id":17771,"date":"2010-12-08T17:32:54","date_gmt":"2010-12-08T09:32:54","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=17771"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:30:20","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:30:20","slug":"%e6%a9%9f%e7%8e%87%e5%b9%85%ef%bc%88probability-amplitude%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e6%a9%9f%e7%8e%87%e5%b9%85%ef%bc%88probability-amplitude%ef%bc%89\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6a5f\u7387\u5e45\uff08Probability amplitude\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"pf-content\"><p><strong><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\">\u6a5f\u7387\u5e45\uff08Probability amplitude\uff09<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #008000;\">\u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u4e2d\u5973\u5b50\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u9673\u6b63\u6607\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5433\u4ef2\u537f\u6559\u6388\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<br \/>\n<\/span><\/strong><br \/>\n\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a5f\u7387\u5e45\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u6578\u51fd\u6578\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u503c\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u4ee3\u8868\u67d0\u7a2e\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6216\u6a5f\u7387\u5bc6\u5ea6\u3002M\u2027\u73bb\u6069\u63d0\u51fa\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u8981\u4f7f\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u8207\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u767c\u751f\u95dc\u9023\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u5f88\u9577\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u78ba\u5730\u9810\u8a00\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u4e0d\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u80fd\u968e\u9593\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\u5149\u8b5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u59cb\u7d42\u6c92\u6709\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u70ba\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e00\u5957\u5408\u7406\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8a6e\u91cb\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p>1923 \u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u7269\u8cea\u6ce2\u300d\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u904e\u4e86\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c1926 \u5e74 1 \u6708\uff0c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u5c31\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u7bc7\u95dc\u65bc\u6ce2\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u518d\u5ea6\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5305\u62ec\u9023\u7e8c\u5834\u548c\u6ce2\u52d5\u7684\u5805\u5be6\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u57fa\u790e\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4f5c\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7269\u7406\u9810\u8a00\u3002\u4ed6\u5275\u5efa\u4e86\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\uff0c\u8a72\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u89e3\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u6ce2\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u89e3\u5c31\u662f\u5927\u5bb6\u6240\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u201c\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u201d\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u7528\u7b26\u865f $$\\Psi$$ \u8868\u793a\u3002\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u4e9b\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee3\u8868\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u7269\u7406\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u662f\u73bb\u6069\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c$$\\Psi$$ \u662f\u8907\u6578\uff0c\u800c\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u7269\u7406\u91cf\u90fd\u5fc5\u9808\u7528\u5be6\u6578\u8868\u793a\u3002\u4ed6\u5efa\u8b70\u5c07 $$\\Psi$$ \u7684\u7d55\u5c0d\u503c\u5e73\u65b9(\u5373 $$|\\Psi|^2$$\uff0c\u6216 $$\\Psi\\cdot\\Psi^*$$)\u770b\u4f5c\u662f\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u548c\u53ef\u89c0\u5bdf\u91cf\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u6a4b\u6a11\u3002\u5982\u679c $$\\Psi$$ \u662f\u67d0\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c$$|\\Psi|^2dV$$\u00a0\u5c31\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u8868\u793a\u5728\u9ad4\u7a4d $$dV$$ \u5167\u767c\u73fe\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6a5f\u7387(\u9019\u88cf\u662f\u4ee5\u4f4d\u7f6e\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7528\u540c\u6a23\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u96fb\u5b50\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u67d0\u4e00\u5c0f\u7684\u52d5\u91cf\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u7684\u6a5f\u7387)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u96d9\u72f9\u7e2b\u5e72\u6d89\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u76f4\u89ba\u7684\u8a8d\u70ba\u7a7f\u904e\u4efb\u4e00\u72f9\u7e2b\u7684\u6a5f\u7387 $$P$$(1\u62162)\u61c9\u8a72\u7b49\u65bc\u7a7f\u904e\u72f9\u7e2b $$1$$ \u7684\u6a5f\u7387 $$P(1)$$ \u52a0\u4e0a\u7a7f\u904e\u72f9\u7e2b $$2$$ \u7684\u6a5f\u7387 $$P(2)$$\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u5011\u60f3\u8981\u78ba\u5b9a $$P(1)$$ \u6216 $$P(2)$$ \u5c31\u52e2\u5fc5\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5e72\u64fe\u5230\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5be6\u8cea\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u5169\u500b\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578 $$\\Psi_1$$\u3001$$\\Psi_2$$\u00a0\u5206\u5225\u4ee3\u8868\u96fb\u5b50\u7a7f\u904e\u72f9\u7e2b $$1$$ \u8207\u72f9\u7e2b $$2$$ \u7684\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u5247\u7a7f\u904e\u72f9\u7e2b $$1$$ \u6216 $$2$$ \u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u78ba\u8207\u7531 $$\\Psi=\\Psi_1+\\Psi_2$$\u00a0\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u5e45\u975e\u5e38\u543b\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u73bb\u6069\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u8a6e\u91cb\u6240\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u5de8\u5927\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\uff0c\u6a5f\u7387\u53ea\u662f\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u800c\u88ab\u5f15\u9032\u7684\uff0c\u5373\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u53ef\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u6c42\u5e73\u5747\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u72c0\u614b\u662f\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u76f4\u63a5\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u53e4\u5178\u7684\u6c23\u9ad4\u52d5\u529b\u8ad6\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u8a08\u7b97\u5bb9\u5668\u58c1\u4e0a\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u6211\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u8a73\u7d30\u904b\u52d5\u60c5\u6cc1\u3002\u73bb\u6069\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u8207\u6b64\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u4e0d\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5fae\u89c0\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u7121\u77e5\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u5fae\u89c0\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5c6c\u6027\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u89c0\u9ede\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u55ae\u4e00\u96fb\u5b50\u5728\u7a7a\u9593\u548c\u6642\u9593\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u78ba\u5b9a\u8ecc\u8de1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c07\u6703\u9762\u81e8\u9808\u8981\u4fee\u6b63\u7684\u547d\u904b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><br \/>\n<a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Probability_amplitude\" target=\"_blank\">http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Probability_amplitude<\/a>\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\/S.Adams\/\u4e0a\u6d77\u79d1\u6280\u51fa\u7248<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6a5f\u7387\u5e45\uff08Probability amplitude\uff09 \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u4e2d\u5973\u5b50\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u9673\u6b63\u6607\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u5f70\u5316\u5e2b\u7bc4\u5927\u5b78\u5433&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[107,32,35],"tags":[2769,2771],"class_list":["post-17771","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-physics00","category-physics07","category-physics07-03","tag-2769","tag-2771","loop-entry","cat-107","cat-32","cat-35","no-thumbnail"],"views":7335,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17771","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17771"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17771\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89208,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17771\/revisions\/89208"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17771"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17771"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17771"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}