{"id":17548,"date":"2010-12-07T10:34:38","date_gmt":"2010-12-07T02:34:38","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=17548"},"modified":"2021-10-06T16:30:22","modified_gmt":"2021-10-06T08:30:22","slug":"%e5%8f%8d%e6%87%89%e9%80%9f%e7%8e%87reaction-rate-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/localhost\/%e5%8f%8d%e6%87%89%e9%80%9f%e7%8e%87reaction-rate-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387(Reaction Rate)"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387(Reaction Rate)
\n<\/span>\u570b\u7acb\u4e09\u91cd\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u79d1\u8a31\u4f59\u4efb\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f
\n<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387(Reaction Rate)<\/span>
\n\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u662f\u6307\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u767c\u751f\u5feb\u6162\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u89c0\u5bdf\u7684\u5230\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u6e1b\u5c11\u6216\u751f\u6210\u7269\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u9435\u7684\u6c27\u5316\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\u5f88\u6162\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u9700\u8981\u7d93\u5e74\u7d2f\u6708\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u6162\u300d\u53cd\u61c9\uff1b\u800c\u4e19\u916e\u5728\u706b\u7130\u4e2d\u71c3\u71d2\u4e00\u77ac\u9593\u5c31\u53ef\u71c3\u71d2\u5b8c\u7562\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5feb\u300d\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u7684\u5b78\u554f\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5316\u5b78\u52d5\u529b\u5b78(Chemical kinetics)\u300d\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u7269\u7406\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u4efd\u3002\u5316\u5b78\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u5305\u542b\u63a2\u8a0e\u53cd\u61c9\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u53cd\u61c9\u6a5f\u69cb\u548c\u53cd\u61c9\u904e\u7a0b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u7b49\u57fa\u790e\u6838\u5fc3\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5316\u5b78\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u9175\u7d20\u5b78\u53ca\u74b0\u5883\u5de5\u7a0b\u65b9\u9762\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9(Formal Definition of Reaction Rate)<\/span>
\n\u5047\u8a2d\u4e00\u500b\u5178\u578b\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\naA + bB \u2192 pP + qQ<\/p>\n

\u5927\u5beb\u7684A\u548cB\u4ee3\u8868\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\uff0cP\u548cQ\u4ee3\u8868\u751f\u6210\u7269\uff1b\u5c0f\u5beb\u7684a\u3001b\u3001p\u548cq\u4ee3\u8868\u53cd\u61c9\u4fc2\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5bc6\u9589\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u9ad4\u7a4d\u4e0d\u8b8a\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u8003\u616e\u4e2d\u9593\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387r\u5b9a\u7fa9\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u6d88\u5931\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6216\u7522\u7269\u751f\u6210\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\n\uff08\u5f0f\u4e00\uff09
\n\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u6046\u70ba\u6b63\u503c\uff0c\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u7684\u55ae\u4f4d\u901a\u5e38\u70baMs-1<\/sup>\u3002\u8003\u616e\u53cd\u61c9\u4fc2\u6578\uff0c\u5f0f\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u70ba\uff1a
\n\uff08\u5f0f\u4e8c\uff09
\n\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

t\u70ba\u53cd\u61c9\u6642\u9593\u3002\u7576t\u70ba\u4e00\u6bb5(a period)\u6642\u9593\u6642\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u70ba\u300c\u5e73\u5747\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387(average rate)\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u679ct\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u70ba\u90a3\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u6642\u9593\u7684\u300c\u77ac\u6642\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387(instantaneous rate\uff09\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f71\u97ff\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u7684\u56e0\u7d20(Factors Influencing Rate of Reaction)<\/span>
\n\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u53d7\u5230\u5f88\u591a\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5982\u53c3\u8207\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u6578\u76ee\u3001\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u7684\u72c0\u614b\uff08\u56fa\u9ad4\u5c0f\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u901f\u7387\u5c31\u6bd4\u6c23\u9ad4\u6216\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u6162\uff09\u3001\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u7a0b\u5ea6…\u7b49\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u8ff0\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u56e0\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6fc3\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u589e\u52a0\u6fc3\u5ea6\u6703\u52a0\u5feb\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u3002\u6839\u64da\u78b0\u649e\u5b78\u8aaa\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u767c\u751f\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u5fc5\u9808\u7522\u751f\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u7576\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u6fc3\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\u5247\u78b0\u649e\u6a5f\u7387\u4e5f\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u58d3\u529b<\/strong>\uff1a\u53ea\u6709\u5305\u542b\u6c23\u9ad4\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u6703\u6536\u5230\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5728\u51dd\u76f8(Condensed phase)\u53cd\u61c9\u4e2d\uff0c\u58d3\u529b\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u7684\u5206\u58d3\u589e\u52a0\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u589e\u52a0\u6c23\u9ad4\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u52a0\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6eab\u5ea6<\/strong>\uff1a\u6eab\u5ea6\u5347\u9ad8\u6642\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u7cfb\u7d71\u5167\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u64c1\u6709\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\u8b8a\u5feb\u3002\u6839\u64da\u78b0\u649e\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u9593\u8981\u7522\u751f\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u8981\u767c\u751f\u78b0\u649e\u5916\uff0c\u5206\u5b50\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u5177\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u624d\u80fd\u5728\u78b0\u649e\u7684\u540c\u6642\u6709\u9375\u7d50\u7684\u65b7\u88c2\u8207\u751f\u6210\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u6eab\u5ea6\u7684\u5347\u9ad8\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u63d0\u9ad8\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u9593\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u771f\u6b63\u5f71\u97ff\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u7684\u662f\u589e\u52a0\u4e86\u6709\u6548\u78b0\u649e\u7684\u6b21\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6eb6\u5291<\/strong>\uff1a\u8a31\u591a\u53cd\u61c9\u90fd\u5728\u6eb6\u6db2\u7684\u72c0\u614b\u4e0b\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u800c\u6eb6\u5291\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u6b64\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u3002\u6eb6\u6db2\u4e2d\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u5f37\u5ea6\u4e5f\u5c0d\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u6709\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96fb\u78c1\u8f3b\u5c04<\/strong>\u53ca\u5149\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\uff1a\u96fb\u78c1\u8f3b\u5c04\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u63d0\u4f9b\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u9ad8\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c \u52a0\u5feb\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u751a\u81f3\u5f15\u767c\u53cd\u61c9\u9032\u884c\u3002\u7576\u5149\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u5438\u6536\u6bd4\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\uff0c\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u50ac\u5316\u5291<\/strong>\uff1a\u50ac\u5316\u5291\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u9014\u5f91\u4ee5\u964d\u4f4e\u6d3b\u5316\u80fd\u589e\u52a0\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\uff08\u6b63\u53cd\u61c9\u53ca\u9006\u53cd\u61c9\u540c\u6642\u589e\u52a0\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u767d\u91d1\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5ba4\u6eab\u4e0b\u50ac\u5316\u6c2b\u8207\u6c27\u751f\u6210\u6c34\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20<\/strong>\uff1a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6642\uff0c\u5c07\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u3002\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u6c2b\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c2b\u8207\u6c18\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u901f\u7387\u5c07\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u9375\u80fd\u4e5f\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8868\u9762\u7a4d<\/strong>\uff1a\u65bc\u7269\u9ad4\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\uff08\u5982\u7570\u76f8\u9593\u7684\u50ac\u5316\u53cd\u61c9\uff09\uff0c\u8868\u9762\u7a4d\u6108\u5927\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u6108\u5feb\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u56fa\u9ad4\u7c92\u5b50\u66b4\u9732\u5728\u53cd\u61c9\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u78b0\u649e\u4e0b\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u652a\u62cc<\/strong>\uff1a\u7570\u76f8\u9593\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u5229\u7528\u652a\u62cc\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f88\u6709\u6548\u7684\u63d0\u9ad8\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong>
\n1. WIKIPEDIA\u7db2\u7ad9–Reaction Rate\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Reaction_Rate<\/a>
\n2. WIKIPEDIA\u7db2\u7ad9\u2014Chemical kinetics\u00a0\u00a0http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Chemical_kinetics<\/a><\/p>\n

\u76f8\u95dc\u540d\u8a5e\uff1a
\n\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u5e38\u6578\u3001\u901f\u7387\u5f0f\u3001\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387\u5f0f\u3001\u78b0\u649e\u5b78\u8aaa\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u3001\u53cd\u61c9\u7d1a\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u53cd\u61c9\u901f\u7387(Reaction Rate) \u570b\u7acb\u4e09\u91cd\u9ad8\u7d1a\u4e2d\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u79d1\u8a31\u4f59\u4efb\u8001\u5e2b\/\u570b\u7acb\u53f0\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u535a\u58eb\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":50,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108,68,67],"tags":[524,525,522,523,521],"class_list":["post-17548","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry00","category-chemistry05-01","category-chemistry05","tag-524","tag-525","tag-522","tag-523","tag-521","loop-entry","cat-108","cat-68","cat-67","no-thumbnail"],"views":49395,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17548","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/50"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17548"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17548\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":89227,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/17548\/revisions\/89227"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17548"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=17548"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/localhost\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=17548"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}