{"id":8305,"date":"2011-03-31T14:32:19","date_gmt":"2011-03-31T06:32:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=8305"},"modified":"2017-03-31T23:20:45","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T15:20:45","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e6%ad%b7%e5%8f%b2%e3%80%91%e9%a3%9f%e7%89%a9%e7%9a%84%e6%a6%82%e5%bf%b5%e8%88%87%e6%99%82%e4%bf%b1%e9%80%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=8305","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u6b77\u53f2\u3011\u98df\u7269\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u8207\u6642\u4ff1\u9032"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u25a0 \u71df\u990a\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d42\u65bc\u63a8\u7ffb\u4e86\u904e\u53bb\u5c0d\u98df\u7269\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u8ff7\u601d\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u98df\u7269\u5982\u4f55\u63d0\u4f9b\u80fd\u91cf<\/strong><strong>\u3002\u56e0\u71df\u990a\u7d20\u800c\u81f4\u75c5\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8fce\u5203\u800c\u89e3<\/strong><strong>\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8309\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8309\" style=\"width: 690px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8309\" title=\"Stamps_of_Germany_(DDR)_1978,_MiNr\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Stamps_of_Germany_DDR_1978_MiNr.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"690\" height=\"425\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Stamps_of_Germany_DDR_1978_MiNr.jpg 1077w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Stamps_of_Germany_DDR_1978_MiNr-800x493.jpg 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 690px) 100vw, 690px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8309\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Justus von Liebig\u5148\u751f\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u90f5\u7968\u4e0a\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\uff1a\u5fb7\u6587\u7dad\u57fa\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u71df\u990a\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b78\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u73fe\u4ee3\u71df\u990a\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u5747\u7acb\u65bc\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u5f8c\u671f\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6839\u57fa\u4e4b\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u5c0d\u98f2\u98df\u7684\u529f\u6548\u611f\u5230\u904e\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u57c3\u53ca\u3001\u5e0c\u81d8\u3001\u7f85\u99ac\u3001\u6ce2\u65af\u3001\u4e2d\u570b\u3001\u5370\u5ea6\u7b49\u53e4\u6587\u660e\u90fd\u660e\u767d\u98f2\u98df\u8207\u5065\u5eb7\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u84cb\u8eab\u68ee\u5927\u5b78\u4eba\u985e\u71df\u990a\u5b78\u5bb6\u840a\u8332\u66fc\uff08Claus Leitzmann\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u53e4\u6587\u660e\u7686\u6709\u98f2\u98df\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u81f3\u4eca\u4ecd\u9069\u7528\uff0c\u53e4\u57c3\u53ca\u4eba\u4ea6\u5c07\u5927\u849c\u5165\u85e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e9b\u98f2\u98df\u7684\u9053\u7406\u53ef\u8ffd\u6eaf\u6578\u5343\u5e74\uff0c\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u540d\u91ab\u5e0c\u6ce2\u514b\u62c9\u5e95\uff08Hippocrates\uff09\u66fe\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u61c9\u7d30\u56bc\u6162\u56a5\u624d\u80fd\u9577\u4fdd\u5065\u5eb7\uff1b\u840a\u8332\u66fc\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u4e2d\u53e4\u4e16\u7d00\u5fb7\u570b\u4fee\u5973\u4ee5\u53ca\u8cd3\u6839\u7684\u57fa\u7763\u795e\u884c\u8d6b\u5fb7\u5609\uff08Hildegard of Bingen\uff09\u300c\u5c0d\u98df\u7269\u77e5\u8b58\u6df5\u535a\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u8a31\u591a\u6975\u5177\u667a\u6167\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u300d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5403\u719f\u98df\u3001\u4e0d\u5403\u751f\u98df\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u62c9\u74e6\u932b\uff08Antoine Lavoisier\uff09\u66fe\u7d93\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4eba\u9ad4\u5410\u51fa\u7684\u6c23\u606f\u662f\u5426\u8207\u5f15\u64ce\u5ee2\u6c23\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5728\u5341\u516b\u4e16\u7d00\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u7684\u6210\u5206\u6216\u662f\u8eab\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55\u6d88\u5316\u9bae\u5c11\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u63a2\u7a76\uff0c\u840a\u8332\u66fc\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u300c\u4ef0\u8cf4\u5be6\u9a57\u89c0\u5bdf\u300d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u300c\u9935\u98df\u5f8c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5176\u53cd\u61c9\u300d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u300c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5316\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u300d\u7a31\u865f\u7684\u6cd5\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u62c9\u74e6\u932b\uff0c\u624d\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u71df\u990a\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5b78\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u98df\u7269\u4f5c\u71c3\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u62c9\u74e6\u932b\u662f\u982d\u4e00\u500b\u8a2d\u8a08\u5be6\u9a57\u8a2d\u5099\uff0c\u4f86\u77ad\u89e3\u98df\u7269\u9032\u5165\u4eba\u9ad4\u5f8c\u60c5\u5f62\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u77e5\u9053\u4eba\u9ad4\u541e\u4e0b\u98df\u7269\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\u9ad8\u65bc\u4fbf\u6eba\u7684\u91cd\u91cf\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u539f\u56e0\u6b78\u548e\u65bc\u6392\u6c57\uff0c\u4f46\u62c9\u74e6\u932b\u8a8d\u70ba\u98df\u7269\u662f\u71c3\u6599\uff0c\u800c\u8eab\u9ad4\u5c31\u50cf\u7576\u6642\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u767c\u7684\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u5728\u71c3\u71d2\u6642\u5fc5\u7136\u6703\u6392\u653e\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\uff0c\u4ed6\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u4e8c\u6c27\u5316\u78b3\u9020\u6210\u91cd\u91cf\u7684\u640d\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u9a57\u8b49\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u62c9\u74e6\u932b\u4e00\u4e03\u516b\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u51b0\u91cf\u71b1\u5668\uff0c\u5916\u5c64\u7528\u51b0\u5305\u8986\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u6046\u5b9a\u7684\u651d\u6c0f\u96f6\u5ea6\uff0c\u5bb9\u5668\u5167\u88dd\u8457\u4e00\u96bb\u767d\u8001\u9f20\uff0c\u8001\u9f20\u7684\u9ad4\u6eab\u8b93\u51b0\u584a\u878d\u5316\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u8a08\u7b97\u91cf\u71b1\u5668\u6240\u6d41\u51fa\u7684\u6c34\u4f30\u8a08\u65b0\u9673\u4ee3\u8b1d\u71b1\u80fd\uff0c\u518d\u8207\u881f\u71ed\u6216\u7164\u70ad\u71c3\u71d2\u7522\u751f\u7684\u71b1\u80fd\u76f8\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u8b49\u5be6\u7121\u8aa4\uff0c\u62c9\u74e6\u932b\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u9ad4\u547c\u5438\u5c31\u50cf\u881f\u71ed\u71c3\u71d2\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u65e5\u4eba\u5011\u6642\u6642\u8a08\u7b97\u71b1\u91cf\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8a00\u8ad6\u807d\u4f86\u7a00\u9b06\u5e73\u5e38\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u6642\u537b\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u5c08\u5bb6\u5c3c\u74e6\u5fb7\uff08Elizabeth Neswald\uff09\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u300c\u62c9\u74e6\u932b\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u610f\u8b58\u5230\uff0c\u4eba\u9ad4\u9700\u8981\u80fd\u91cf\u7dad\u6301\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u98df\u7269\u5177\u5099\u63d0\u4f9b\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u64da\u6b64\u5224\u65b7\u4eba\u985e\u9700\u8981\u4ec0\u9ebc\u624d\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\u3001\u9ad4\u91cd\u70ba\u4f55\u6703\u589e\u6e1b\u3001\u70ba\u4f55\u80fd\u505a\u9ad4\u529b\u52de\u52d5\uff0c\u98df\u7269\u8207\u52de\u52d5\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u70ba\u4f55\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u62c9\u74e6\u932b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ea6\u7a81\u986f\u98df\u7269\u6210\u5206\u591a\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b49\u660e\u4fbf\u6eba\u3001\u6d41\u6c57\u3001\u547c\u5438\u5747\u662f\u4eba\u9ad4\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3c\u74e6\u5fb7\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u300c\u65e9\u671f\u71df\u990a\u5b78\u5bb6\u82b1\u8cbb\u8a31\u591a\u6642\u9593\u89c0\u5bdf\u4ed6\u4eba\u6392\u6cc4\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u98df\u7269\u8207\u6392\u6cc4\u7269\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u5747\u8861\u8a66\u9a57\u300d\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u516b\u4e09\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u6642\uff0c\u7531\u6cd5\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u5e03\u5c71\u679c\uff08Jean-Baptiste Boussingault\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u4ed6\u5206\u6790\u9935\u990a\u725b\u96bb\u7684\u4e7e\u8349\u3001\u71d5\u9ea5\u3001\u99ac\u9234\u85af\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7522\u51fa\u7684\u725b\u4e73\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u5169\u8005\u7684\u6c2e\u542b\u91cf\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u98fc\u6599\u5df2\u542b\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u6c2e\u53ef\u4f9b\u61c9\u52d5\u7269\u6240\u9700\uff0c\u7834\u9664\u4eba\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u52d5\u7269\u9700\u5f9e\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u6c2e\u7684\u8ff7\u601d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u71df\u990a\u7d20\u63a2\u7a76<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_8314\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-8314\" style=\"width: 284px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kaliapparat\" target=\"_blank\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-8314     \" title=\"Kali-Apparat@wiki.de\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/03\/Kali-Apparat@wiki.de_.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"284\" height=\"419\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-8314\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Liebigs\u7684\u300cKali-Apparat\u300d\uff08\u5fb7\u6587\uff09\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u81f3\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5df2\u77ad\u89e3\u98df\u7269\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5143\u7d20\u70ba\u78b3\u3001\u6c2e\u3001\u6c2b\u548c\u6c27\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u98df\u7269\u6210\u5206\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u56db\u5927\u985e\uff1a\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3001\u8102\u80aa\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u548c\u6c34\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u4e09\u7a2e\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5143\u7d20\u69cb\u6210\u4ecd\u5c6c\u672a\u77e5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f8c\u4f86\u5fb7\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u674e\u6bd4\u5e0c\uff08Justus von Liebig\uff09\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u53c8\u9081\u9032\u4e00\u5927\u6b65\uff0c\u4ed6\u5e74\u5c11\u6709\u6210\uff0c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u6b72\u4fbf\u64d4\u4efb\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u767c\u660e\u73bb\u7483\u88dd\u7f6e\uff08kaliapparat\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5408\u7269\u4e4b\u4e2d\u7684\u78b3\u542b\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u674e\u6bd4\u5e0c\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e16\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5ea7\u6559\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u8b93\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6155\u540d\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u4e5f\u57f9\u80b2\u51fa\u5927\u6279\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u7684\u71df\u990a\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u4e00\u516b\u516d\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5169\u4f4d\u5b78\u751f\u99ae\u6c83\u7279\uff08Carl von Voit\uff09\u8207\u6d3e\u7279\u67ef\u4f5b\uff08Max Joseph von Pettenkofer\uff09\u7372\u5f97\u5df4\u4f10\u5229\u4e9e\u653f\u5e9c\u8cc7\u52a9\uff0c\u8208\u5efa\u6700\u5148\u9032\u7684\u547c\u5438\u5ba4\uff0c\u7a7a\u9593\u8db3\u4ee5\u8b93\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u7ad9\u9032\u53bb\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u88dd\u7f6e\u80fd\u6e2c\u91cf\u6bcf\u65e5\u78b3\u8207\u6c2e\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u4f30\u7b97\u4eba\u9ad4\u6240\u9700\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7e3d\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c3c\u74e6\u5fb7\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u671f\u591a\u6578\u71df\u990a\u7814\u7a76\u7126\u9ede\u4e26\u975e\u500b\u4eba\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u800c\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u627e\u5230\u6700\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3001\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u9935\u98fd\u56da\u72af\u8207\u8ca7\u6c11\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u7ce7\u98df\u4e0d\u8db3\u5f15\u767c\u66b4\u52d5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u99ae\u6c83\u7279\u66fe\u63a2\u8a2a\u76e3\u7344\u8207\u5de5\u5bee\uff0c\u300c\u89c0\u5bdf\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u98df\u7269\u53ca\u5065\u5eb7\u60c5\u6cc1\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u63d0\u4f9b\u98f2\u98df\u6307\u5357\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8996\u98df\u7269\u70ba\u4eba\u9ad4\u71c3\u6599\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u8fb2\u696d\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u827e\u74e6\u7279\uff08Wilbur Olin 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