{"id":7439,"date":"2011-01-28T12:28:55","date_gmt":"2011-01-28T04:28:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=7439"},"modified":"2017-03-31T23:20:48","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T15:20:48","slug":"%e3%80%90%e5%ad%b8%e8%a1%93%e7%b7%9a%e4%b8%8a%e3%80%91%e5%85%8d%e6%b4%97%e5%ad%b8%e8%a1%93%ef%bc%9a%e7%82%ba%e4%bd%95%e5%bf%b5%e5%8d%9a%e5%a3%ab%e5%be%80%e5%be%80%e6%98%af%e6%b5%aa%e8%b2%bb%e6%99%82","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=7439","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u5b78\u8853\u7dda\u4e0a\u3011\u514d\u6d17\u5b78\u8853\uff1a\u70ba\u4f55\u5ff5\u535a\u58eb\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u6642\u9593"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u25a0 \u9019\u7bc7\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u5167\u88ab\u63a8\u85a6\u516d\u842c\u4e00\u5343\u6b21\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u8aaa\uff0c\u5ff5\u535a\u58eb\u662f\u9032\u96e3\u653b\u9000\u96e3\u5b88\u7684\u6289\u64c7\u3002\u5c31\u7d93\u6fdf\u4e0a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u7121\u6cd5\u5275\u9020\u8d85\u8d8a\u78a9\u58eb\u7684\u7522\u503c\uff1b\u5b78\u8853\u8077\u4f4d\u4e5f\u65e9\u5df2\u4f9b\u9700\u5931\u8861\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u8a13\u7df4\u56e0\u6b64\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u529b\u6d6a\u8cbb\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7443\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7443\" style=\"width: 640px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7443  \" title=\"Sacred Destinations@flickr\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/Sacred-Destinations@flickr.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"640\" height=\"427\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7443\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u99ac\u4e01\u8def\u5fb7\uff1a\u300c\u4f60\u8aaa\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u8ddf\u6211\u9019\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6a23\u55ce\uff1f\u300d\uff08\u8a2d\u8a08\u5c0d\u767d\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u7de8\u8b6f<\/strong> \u2223 \u5468\u70b3\u8fb0<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u30001517 \u5e74\u842c\u8056\u7bc0\u524d\u5915\uff0c\u99ac\u4e01\u2027\u8def\u5fb7\uff08Martin Luther\uff0c1483-1546\uff09\u5728\u7dad\u6ed5\u8c9d\u683c\uff08Wittenberg\uff09\u7684\u6559\u5802\u9580\u677f\u4e0a\u91d8\u4e86 95 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scheme\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u63d0\u8ca8\u8c50\u6c9b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u56de\u9867\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u4f4d\u53ef\u4ee5\u8996\u70ba\u5c11\u6578\u65e2\u5f97\u5229\u76ca\u8005\u7684\u7279\u6b0a\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6559\u8077\u54e1\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u9023\u5e36\u5730\u5c0d\u8b1b\u5e2b\u7684\u8981\u6c42\u4e5f\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u5230\u4e86 1970 \u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u7387\u5148\u64f4\u5c55\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u751f\u7522\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u6578\u91cf\u5360\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7406\u5de5\u9818\u57df\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5247\u662f\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4e8c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff08\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u53e3\u5728\u7576\u6642\u50c5\u5360\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516d\uff09\uff1b\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u6bcf\u5e74\u751f\u7522 64,000 \u4f4d\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u662f 1970 \u5e74\u7684\u5169\u500d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u570b\u5bb6\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u8d95\u4e0a\uff0c\u5728 1998 \u5e74\u5230 2006 \u5e74\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u7d93\u6fdf\u5408\u4f5c\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u7d44\u7e54\uff08Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development\uff09\u8af8\u570b\u6240\u9812\u767c\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u6210\u9577 40%\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\u7f8e\u570b\u6210\u9577 22%\u3002\u58a8\u897f\u54e5\u3001\u8461\u8404\u7259\u3001\u610f\u5927\u5229\u548c\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u7684\u6210\u9577\u6700\u53ef\u89c0\u3002\u65e5\u672c\u96d6\u7136\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u53e3\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u7522\u91cf\u4ecd\u7136\u6210\u9577 46%\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6210\u9577\u591a\u534a\u53cd\u61c9\u7f8e\u570b\u4e4b\u5916\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u54c8\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\uff08Harvard University\uff09\u52de\u52d5\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc\uff08Richard Freeman\uff0c1943-\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff1a2006 \u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u50c5\u9304\u53d6\u5168\u4e16\u754c 12% \u7684\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u5404\u5730\u5927\u5b78\u5df2\u767c\u73fe\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u662f\u4fbf\u5b9c\u3001\u5e79\u52c1\u5341\u8db3\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u8655\u7f6e\u7684\u52de\u5de5\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u62ff\u5b78\u751f\u5145\u4f5c\u6559\u8077\u54e1\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\uff08Yale University\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u52a9\u7406\u4e0a\u8ab2\u4e5d\u500b\u6708\u7684\u5e74\u85aa\u7d04 USD 20,000\uff0c\u4f46\u7f8e\u570b\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u85aa\u8cc7\u662f USD 109,000\uff0c\u6bd4\u6cd5\u5b98\u548c\u88c1\u5224\u5b98\uff08magistrates\uff09\u9084\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u7522\u91cf\u5df2\u7d93\u5f71\u97ff\u5927\u5b78\u8b1b\u5e2b\u7684\u8077\u7f3a\uff0c\u6d77\u514b\uff08Andrew Hacker\uff0c1929-\uff09\u548c\u5fb7\u840a\u5f17\uff08Claudia Dreifus\uff0c1944-\uff09\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u66f8\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u5728 2005-2009 \u671f\u9593\u51fa\u7522\u903e\u5341\u842c\u500b\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u6bb5\u671f\u9593\u53ea\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u842c\u516d\u5343\u540d\u6559\u6388\uff1b\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\uff0c2007 \u5e74\u65b0\u589e 4,800 \u500b\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u537b\u53ea\u589e\u8058 2,616 \u540d\u6559\u6388\u3002\u5229\u7528\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u6559\u5c0e\u5927\u5b78\u90e8\u5b78\u751f\u5c0e\u5236\u5168\u8077\u7684\u6559\u8077\u7a7a\u7f3a\u6e1b\u5c11\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u5feb\u901f\u958b\u767c\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5df4\u897f\u548c\u4e2d\u570b\uff0c\u6709\u535a\u58eb\u77ed\u7f3a\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4f9b\u9700\u5931\u8861<\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7451\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7451\" style=\"width: 320px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7451\" title=\"dullhunk@flickr\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2011\/01\/dullhunk@flickr.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"320\" height=\"318\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7451\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u8209\u624b\u4e4b\u52de\u505a\u74b0\u4fdd\uff0c\u611b\u5fc3\u56de\u6536\u7814\u7a76\u751f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u5404\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u5c62\u898b\u4e0d\u9bae\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u5b78\u751f\u5c07\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u548c\u7d04\u8058\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\uff08postdocs\uff09\u6bd4\u55bb\u70ba\u300c\u5b78\u754c\u919c\u964b\u7684\u5c0f\u8179\u300d\uff0c\u6578\u76ee\u904e\u5269\u4e14\u8ca0\u8cac\u7d55\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc 2000 \u5e74\u4ee5\u524d\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u986f\u793a\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u6559\u8077\u54e1\u7684\u8077\u7f3a\u6bcf\u5e74\u53ea\u6210\u9577 5%\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u4e8c\u6210\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7372\u5f97\uff1b\u5728\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7d04\u516b\u6210\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5e74\u85aa\u4e0d\u5230 USD 38,600\uff08\u672a\u7a05\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u548c\u5efa\u7bc9\u5de5\u4eba\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u5730\u5340\u751a\u81f3\u5fc5\u9808\u64c1\u6709\u4e94\u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0a\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u624d\u53ef\u80fd\u7372\u5f97\u5b89\u7a69\u7684\u5168\u8077\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u9019\u4e9b\u50f9\u683c\u4f4e\u5ec9\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u6210\u70ba\u5927\u5b78\u548c\u570b\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u751f\u529b\u8ecd\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u662f\u597d\u4e8b\uff0c\u7576\u6d41\u884c\u98a8\u6f6e\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6d6a\u8cbb\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u9802\u5c16\u5c08\u696d\u4eba\u6750\u3002\u524d\u8607\u806f\u7684\u53f2\u666e\u5c3c\u514b\uff08Sputnik\uff09\u4eba\u9020\u885b\u661f\u8a08\u756b\u5f15\u8d77\u773e\u591a\u5b78\u751f\u6295\u5411\u7269\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u4eba\u6578\u4e5f\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u4f46\u7576\u8d8a\u6230\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u7d93\u8cbb\u524a\u6e1b\uff0c\u4eba\u6750\u4e5f\u56e0\u800c\u6d6a\u8cbb\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u7d10\u7d04\u5e02\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\uff08City University of New York\uff09\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\uff08Brian Schwartz\uff09\u56de\u60f3\uff1a\u4e03\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u4e94\u5343\u540d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u53ea\u80fd\u5728\u5176\u5b83\u9818\u57df\u627e\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7f8e\u570b\u535a\u58eb\u6559\u5e2b\u5de5\u6703\u8e76\u8d77\u4ee3\u8868\u5927\u5b78\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4e0d\u6210\u6587\u7d04\u5b9a\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u74e6\u89e3\uff0c\u5373\uff1a\u73fe\u5728\u85aa\u6c34\u6216\u8a31\u5f88\u7cdf\uff0c\u4f46\u660e\u5929\u6703\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u5a01\u65af\u5eb7\u8f9b\u5927\u5b78\u9ea5\u8fea\u905c\u5206\u6821\uff08University of Wisconsin-Madison\uff09\u65e9\u5728\u516d\u25cb\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u6210\u7acb\u5b78\u751f\u6559\u5e2b\u5de5\u6703\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1\u52a0\u5165\u5de5\u6703\u96b1\u7136\u6210\u70ba\u71b1\u6f6e\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u6709\u5de5\u6703\u3002\u8036\u9b6f\u5927\u5b78\u548c\u5eb7\u4e43\u723e\u5927\u5b78\uff08Cornell University\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\u5b78\u751f\u6559\u5e2b\u4e0d\u662f\u54e1\u5de5\uff0c\u662f\u5b78\u5f92\uff0c\u4e26\u53cd\u5c0d\u5de5\u6703\u6210\u7acb\u30022002 \u5e74\uff0c\u7d10\u7d04\u5927\u5b78\uff08New York University\uff09\u6210\u70ba\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u627f\u8a8d\u535a\u58eb\u6559\u5e2b\u5de5\u6703\u7684\u79c1\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u4e09\u5e74\u5f8c\u4e2d\u6b62\u548c\u5de5\u6703\u4ea4\u6d89\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u570b\u548c\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u4f4e\u9761\u7684\u85aa\u8cc7\u548c\u524d\u666f\u548c\u5916\u7c4d\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u6578\u91cf\u76f8\u95dc\u3002\u5f17\u91cc\u66fc\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u5728 1966 \u5e74\u6709 23% \u7684\u7406\u5de5\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u9812\u767c\u7d66\u5916\u7c4d\u751f\uff0c\u4f46\u5230\u4e86 2006 \u5e74\u537b\u589e\u52a0\u5230 48%\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5916\u7c4d\u751f\u6bd4\u8f03\u9858\u610f\u63a5\u53d7\u60e1\u52a3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4f9b\u7d66\u8c50\u6c9b\u3001\u7269\u5ec9\u50f9\u7f8e\u7684\u5916\u7c4d\u52de\u529b\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u58d3\u4f4e\u85aa\u8cc7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u652f\u6301\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u90fd\u60f3\u8981\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u5c31\u7b97\u4e0d\u5728\u5b78\u754c\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u8b80\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u503c\u5f97\u7684\u6295\u8cc7\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u751f\u6703\u8f49\u800c\u722d\u53d6\u6c11\u71df\u4f01\u696d\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u4e9b\u696d\u754c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7e31\u7136\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8f1f\u5b78\u7387\u4f3c\u4e4e\u986f\u793a\u4ecd\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5b78\u751f\u611f\u5230\u5fc3\u7070\u610f\u51b7\u3002\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u50c5\u6709 57% \u7684\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u5341\u5e74\u5f8c\u9806\u5229\u53d6\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u4eba\u6587\u9818\u57df\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u81ea\u8cbb\u5165\u5b78\uff0c\u537b\u4ecd\u53ea\u6709 49% \u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5b8c\u6210\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u66f4\u60b2\u6158\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u5b83\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8f1f\u5b78\u5927\u591a\u5728\u524d\u5e7e\u5e74\u96e2\u958b\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\uff0c\u4eba\u6587\u9818\u57df\u7684\u8f1f\u5b78\u751f\u537b\u5e38\u5e38\u9078\u64c7\u6399\u624e\u5230\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u5931\u843d\u800c\u53bb\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u672c\u90fd\u662f\u5168\u570b\u6700\u597d\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u67d0\u500b\u7f8e\u570b\u5927\u5b78\u6240\u4f5c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u4e2d\u8f1f\u5b78\u751f\u548c\u9806\u5229\u7372\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u4e0a\u4e26\u7121\u5206\u5225\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u96e2\u958b\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u7684\u7406\u7531\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6307\u5c0e\u4e0d\u4f73\u3001\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u5c31\u696d\u524d\u666f\u548c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u91d1\u9322\u8cc7\u52a9\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u7121\u4ee5\u70ba\u7e7c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u90a3\u4e9b\u9806\u5229\u5728\u5b78\u754c\u4e4b\u5916\u627e\u5230\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7562\u696d\u751f\u4ea6\u4e0d\u76e1\u9806\u9042\u3002\u535a\u58eb\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9818\u57df\u592a\u5c08\u9580\uff0c\u5927\u5b78\u591a\u534a\u7121\u6cd5\u8f14\u5c0e\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u8077\u696d\u751f\u6daf\u898f\u756b\uff0c\u800c\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u6388\u5c0d\u65bc\u7121\u610f\u5f85\u5728\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u5f80\u5f80\u8208\u8da3\u7f3a\u7f3a\u3002\u7d93\u6fdf\u5408\u4f5c\u8207\u767c\u5c55\u7d44\u7e54\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u3001\u6377\u514b\u3001\u5fb7\u570b\u548c\u897f\u73ed\u7259\uff0c\u903e\u56db\u6210\u534a\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5728\u7372\u5f97\u5b78\u4f4d\u4e4b\u5f8c\u53ea\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u66ab\u6642\u6027\u7684\u7d04\u8058\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u800c\u5728\u65af\u6d1b\u4f10\u514b\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u66f4\u8d85\u904e\u516d\u6210\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u5927\u591a\u6578\u662f\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u3002\u5728\u5967\u5730\u5229\u6709\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u6700\u7d42\u53ea\u5f97\u5f9e\u4e8b\u548c\u6240\u5b78\u6beb\u7121\u95dc\u806f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u6709 13% \u7684\u535a\u58eb\u4f5c\u4f4e\u6536\u5165\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u5728\u8377\u862d\u5247\u6709 21%\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6240\u5dee\u7121\u5e7e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u6240\u5f97\u81f3\u5c11\u6bd4\u5927\u5b78\u7562\u696d\u751f\u9ad8\u3002\u51f1\u897f\uff08Bernard Casey\uff09\u5728 \u300a\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u548c\u7ba1\u7406\u300b\uff08<em>Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management<\/em>\uff09\u767c\u8868\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff1a\u82f1\u570b\u64c1\u6709\u5b78\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u7537\u6027\u6536\u5165\u6240\u5f97\u8f03\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0a\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u9078\u64c7\u4e0d\u5165\u5b78\u7684\u7537\u6027\u9ad8\u51fa 14%\uff1b\u64c1\u6709\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u7537\u6027\u5247\u9ad8\u51fa 26%\uff1b\u64c1\u6709\u78a9\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u7537\u6027\u9ad8\u51fa 23%\uff0c\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u5dee\u4e0d\u591a\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8c\u6210\u78a9\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u6700\u5feb\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u5e74\u3002\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u751a\u81f3\u6c92\u6709\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u6216\u78a9\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u5c0d\u6536\u5165\u6c92\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u3001\u79d1\u6280\u3001\u5efa\u7bc9\u548c\u6559\u80b2\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u78a9\u58eb\u751a\u81f3\u535a\u58eb\u7684\u6536\u5165\u66f4\u9ad8\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u91ab\u5b78\u3001\u5546\u696d\u3001\u8ca1\u91d1\u548c\u67d0\u4e9b\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u548c\u78a9\u58eb\u7684\u6536\u5165\u624d\u6709\u8f03\u986f\u8457\u7684\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u65bd\u74e6\u8328\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u6559\u6388\u7684\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u82b1\u66f4\u5c11\u6642\u9593\u5c31\u80fd\u7fd2\u5f97\u3002\u300c\u4e09\u5341\u5e74\u524d\uff0c\u83ef\u723e\u8857\u6709\u4e9b\u516c\u53f8\u9867\u7528\u64c5\u9577\u89e3\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7576\u300e\u5bec\u5ba2\u300f\uff08quants\uff0c\u5373\u5b9a\u91cf\u5206\u6790\u5e2b\uff09\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u73fe\u4eca\u5c31\u6709\u70ba\u4e86\u91d1\u878d\u696d\u6559\u6388\u9ad8\u7b49\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u77ed\u671f\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002\u300d\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0a\u904e\u4e00\u9580\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u7af6\u722d\u529b\u4e86\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u751f\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u611b\u8ffd\u6c42\u5b78\u554f\uff0c\u6559\u80b2\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u662f\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5b78\u751f\u4e0d\u592a\u8a08\u8f03\u80fd\u5920\u5f9e\u5b78\u4f4d\u8b49\u660e\u7372\u5f97\u4ec0\u9ebc\u3002\u82f1\u570b\u4e00\u9805\u95dc\u65bc\u535a\u58eb\u7562\u696d\u751f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff1a\u7d04\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u7562\u696d\u751f\u70ba\u4e86\u4eab\u53d7\u5b78\u6821\u751f\u6d3b\u6216\u907f\u514d\u5c31\u696d\u58d3\u529b\u624d\u6210\u70ba\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u5728\u5de5\u7a0b\u9818\u57df\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b57\u9ad8\u9054\u4e94\u6210\u3002\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u88dc\u52a9\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u537b\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u4e0d\u77e5\u4e0d\u89ba\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5f85\u5728\u5927\u5b78\u6709\u597d\u6709\u58de\u3002\u63a5\u53d7\u300c\u592a\u591a\u6559\u80b2\u300d\u7684\u54e1\u5de5\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u5c0d\u5de5\u4f5c\u5167\u5bb9\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u6eff\u3001\u751f\u7522\u529b\u4f4e\u843d\uff0c\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u60f3\u8981\u96e2\u8077\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u5b78\u8005\u9762\u5c0d\u300c\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u662f\u5426\u503c\u5f97\u300d\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5e38\u5e38\u4ee5\u300c\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u300e\u85dd\u8853\u904e\u5269\u300f\u6216\u300e\u6587\u5316\u904e\u5269\u300f\u300d\u4f86\u8003\u616e\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u76f8\u4fe1\u5b78\u8b58\u6703\u7531\u5b78\u5e9c\u6eff\u6ea2\uff0c\u9020\u798f\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u8b93\u4e16\u754c\u66f4\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u66f4\u5177\u751f\u7522\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u5c31\u7b97\u9019\u662f\u771f\u7684\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u500b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8ffd\u6c42\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u4ecd\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u3002\u5b78\u8005\u548c\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u5f80\u5f80\u548c\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u6709\u51fa\u5165\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u5e0c\u671b\u66f4\u591a\u8070\u660e\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u7559\u5728\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u5e36\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u7d93\u8cbb\uff0c\u5c0d\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u6388\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u4e5f\u6709\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5b78\u8005\u5f80\u5f80\u63c0\u9078\u90a3\u4e9b\u8cc7\u8cea\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u5927\u5b78\u90e8\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u52f8\u5c0e\u4ed6\u5011\u6210\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u3002\u5b78\u8005\u6c92\u6709\u7406\u7531\u52f8\u512a\u826f\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u96e2\u958b\u5b78\u6821\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u6c92\u6709\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u5973\u5b78\u751f\u63d0\u5230\u5979\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u88ab\u9583\u4eae\u4eae\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e03\u5e74\u8f9b\u52de\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5979\u534a\u958b\u73a9\u7b11\u8aaa\uff1a\u73fe\u5728\u53ea\u60f3\u627e\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u9322\u7684\u4e08\u592b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u7f8e\u570b\u80af\u5854\u57fa\u5927\u5b78\uff08University of Kentucky\uff09\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u54c8\u91cc\u65af\uff08Monica Harris\uff09\u5927\u6982\u662f\u4f8b\u5916\uff0c\u5979\u8a8d\u70ba\u535a\u58eb\u592a\u591a\u4e86\uff0c\u4e7e\u8106\u4e0d\u6536\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u50cf\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u55ae\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u7bc0\u80b2\u7562\u7adf\u7f55\u898b\u3002\u67d0\u5e38\u6625\u85e4\u806f\u76df\u4e3b\u5e2d\u5728\u88ab\u554f\u53ca\u535a\u58eb\u4f9b\u904e\u65bc\u6c42\u7684\u554f\u984c\u6642\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u9802\u5c16\u5b78\u6821\u6291\u5236\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u53ea\u6703\u8b93\u5176\u5b83\u9662\u6821\u6709\u6a5f\u53ef\u4e58\u7f77\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9ad8\u8cb4\u7684\u8ffd\u6c42<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u8ffd\u6c42\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u7f3a\u9ede\u773e\u6240\u7686\u77e5\uff0c\u7b46\u8005\u5728\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u524d\u5b8c\u6210\u9817\u70ba\u7121\u7528\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u751f\u614b\u5b78\uff08theoretical ecology\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u6b50\u6d32\u6b63\u8a66\u8457\u898f\u756b\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9ad8\u7b49\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5c31\u6709\u4e9b\u5b78\u5e9c\u60f3\u8981\u63a8\u52d5\u6bd4\u8f03\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u7684\u7f8e\u5f0f\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u7a0b\u3002\u70ba\u7814\u7a76\u8cb7\u55ae\u7684\u5404\u5927\u6a5f\u69cb\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u535a\u58eb\u7fd2\u5f97\u7684\u6280\u80fd\u5728\u696d\u754c\u4e0d\u592a\u6709\u7528\u3002\u5beb\u5be6\u9a57\u5831\u544a\u3001\u4f5c\u5b78\u8853\u7c21\u5831\u548c\u9032\u884c\u70ba\u671f\u534a\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u737b\u5f59\u6574\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u5fc5\u9808\u5feb\u901f\u6d88\u5316\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e26\u89e3\u8aaa\u4e88\u4e00\u822c\u5927\u773e\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u696d\u754c\u800c\u8a00\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e0d\u5927\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u4e9b\u5927\u5b78\u958b\u59cb\u6559\u6388\u6e9d\u901a\u3001\u5408\u4f5c\u4e4b\u985e\u7684\u8edf\u6280\u80fd\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u82f1\u570b\u5c31\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u70ba\u671f\u56db\u5e74\u7684 NewRoutePhD\uff0c\u5ba3\u7a31\u6703\u5354\u52a9\u5b78\u751f\u767c\u5c55\u9019\u985e\u6280\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u6fc0\u52f5\u548c\u8a55\u91cf\u6a5f\u5236\u4e5f\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\u3002\u67d0\u4e9b\u7cfb\u6240\u4ee5\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u5c07\u5176\u8996\u4f5c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u6307\u6a19\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u5b78\u751f\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u627e\u5230\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6536\u5165\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u662f\u66f4\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6709\u67d0\u7a2e\u61f2\u8655\u6a5f\u5236\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ba1\u7406\u90a3\u4e9b\u6f20\u8996\u535a\u58eb\u4f9b\u904e\u65bc\u6c42\uff0c\u8d85\u6536\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5b8c\u6210\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c31\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000\u535a\u58eb\u73ed\u5b78\u751f\u90fd\u66fe\u7d93\u662f\u73ed\u4e0a\u6700\u8070\u7a4e\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u505a\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90fd\u505a\u5f97\u5f88\u597d\uff0c\u62ff\u904e\u5404\u5f0f\u5404\u6a23\u7684\u734e\u9805\u548c\u734e\u52f5\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u5011\u9032\u5165\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6daf\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u4e0d\u592a\u80fd\u5920\u63a5\u53d7\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u7cfb\u7d71\u88e1\u70ba\u4ed6\u4eba\u6240\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8070\u660e\u624d\u667a\u548c\u8f9b\u52e4\u5730\u5de5\u4f5c\u63db\u4f86\u7684\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u81ea\u5df1\u4e5f\u8a31\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u662f\u5165\u932f\u884c\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u4ed6\u5011\u8a72\u597d\u597d\u904b\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u9019\u7fa4\u300c\u53ef\u96a8\u610f\u8655\u7f6e\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u4eba\u6750\u300d\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u8a31\u6709\u4eba\u8a72\u70ba\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5beb\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff01<\/p>\n<p>\u3000\u3000<\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\u539f\u6587\u8b6f\u81ea\uff1a<\/span><a href=\"http:\/\/www.economist.com\/node\/17723223?fsrc=scn\/fb\/wl\/mr\/academic\" target=\"_blank\"><span style=\"color: #333333;\">The disposable academic: Why doing a PhD is often a waste of time<\/span><\/a><span style=\"color: #333333;\">\uff08\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4eba\uff09<\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"color: #003366;\"><strong>\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1aMissZoe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0 \u9019\u7bc7\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u5167\u88ab\u63a8\u85a6\u516d\u842c\u4e00\u5343\u6b21\u7684\u6587\u7ae0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,22],"tags":[624,618,81,262],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7439"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=7439"}],"version-history":[{"count":31,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7439\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8422,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7439\/revisions\/8422"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=7439"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=7439"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=7439"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}