{"id":46261,"date":"2026-03-25T16:00:04","date_gmt":"2026-03-25T08:00:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=46261"},"modified":"2026-03-24T10:26:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-24T02:26:59","slug":"%e7%94%b2%e9%aa%a8%e3%80%81%e9%87%91%e6%96%87%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e7%9f%a2%e3%80%8d%e5%ad%97%e3%80%81%e5%95%86%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e7%ae%ad%e7%9f%a2%ef%bc%8c%e4%bb%a5%e5%8f%8a%e4%b8%80%e4%ba%9b%e4%bb%a5-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=46261","title":{"rendered":"\u7532\u9aa8\u3001\u91d1\u6587\u7684\u300c\u77e2\u300d\u5b57\u3001\u5546\u4ee3\u7684\u7bad\u77e2\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ee5\u300c\u77e2\u300d\u70ba\u9020\u5b57\u69cb\u4ef6\u7684\u53e4\u6587\u5b57 \uff08\u4e09\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: 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id=\"attachment_46262\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46262\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46262\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571613-1024x415.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571613-1024x415.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571613-300x122.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571613-768x312.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571613-1536x623.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571613-2048x831.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46262\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u5341\u4e09\uff1a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u300c\u51fd\u300d\u5b57\u53ca\u6cb3\u5357\u5b89\u967d\u6bb7\u589f\u897f\u5340\u8eca\u99ac\u5751M43\u8eca\u5ec2\u5e95\u90e8\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u300c\u51fd\u300d\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u5289\u4e00\u66fc (2019)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u5546\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u91d1\u6587\u548c\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u4e2d\u53e6\u6709\u500b\u8c61\u76db\u77e2\u4e4b\u5668\u7684\u5b57\uff0c\u5448\u9577\u65b9\u5f62\u3001\u56db\u89d2\u51fa\u982d\uff0c\u5176\u4e0a\u63d2\u6709\u4e00\u6216\u4e8c\u77e2\u3001\u7bad\u93c3\u671d\u4e0b\u3001\u7bad\u5c3e\u66b4\u9732\u65bc\u5668\u5916\uff0c\u59da\u5b5d\u9042\u91cb\u4f5c\u300c\u300d\uff08\u5716\u5341\u56db\uff09\uff0c\u8a72\u5b57\u65bc\u897f\u5468\u91d1\u6587\u767c\u5c55\u70ba\u300c\u300d\uff08\u5716\u5341\u56db\uff09\uff0c\u8332\u4e73\u70ba\u5f62\u8072\u5b57\u300c\u7b99\u300d\uff08\u8a3b\u5341\u4e94\uff09\u3002\u5f9e\u6574\u9ad4\u5b57\u5f62\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u300c\u300d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee5\u7af9\u3001\u6728\u88fd\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u958b\u653e\u5f0f\u76db\u77e2\u7684\u65b9\u5f62\u76d2\u6216\u67b6\u5b50\u3002\u53e6\u5f9e\u300a\u5408\u300b565\u6240\u898b\u76ee\u524d\u552f\u4e00\u4ece\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u4ece\u300c\u300d\u96b8\u5b9a\u70ba\u300c\u5099\u300d\u7684\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u5b57\u53ca\u897f\u5468\u91d1\u6587\u7684\u300c\u5099\u300d\u5b57\uff08\u5716\u5341\u4e94\uff09\u53ef\u77e5\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u76db\u77e2\u7684\u65b9\u76d2\u6216\u65b9\u67b6\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u4eba\u80cc\u8ca0\u651c\u5e36\u7684\u3002\u6cb3\u5357\u5b89\u967d\u6bb7\u589f\u5c0f\u5c6f\u897f\u5730M239\u5893\u846c\u4fbf\u66fe\u767c\u73fe\u76db\u6709\u524d\u3001\u5f8c\u5169\u6392\u5171\u5341\u4e94\u652f\u77e2\u7684\u300c\u300d\u4e4b\u6b98\u8de1\uff08\u5716\u5341\u4e94\uff09\u3002\u5546\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u91d1\u6587\u7684\u300c\u300d\u5b57\u591a\u4f5c\u70ba\u8077\u4e8b\u985e\u7684\u65cf\u5fbd\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u7532\u9aa8\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u5247\u7528\u70ba\u796d\u540d\uff0c\u53c8\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7528\u7272\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46263\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46263\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46263\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571614-1024x426.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"250\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571614-1024x426.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571614-300x125.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571614-768x320.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571614-1536x640.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571614-2048x853.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46263\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u5341\u56db\uff1a\u5546\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u91d1\u6587\u3001\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u300c\u300d\u5b57\u6f22\u897f\u5468\u91d1\u6587\u7684\u300c\u300d\u5b57\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46264\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46264\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46264\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571615-1024x272.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"159\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571615-1024x272.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571615-300x80.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571615-768x204.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571615-1536x408.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571615-2048x544.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46264\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u5341\u4e94\uff1a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u548c\u897f\u5468\u4e2d\u3001\u665a\u671f\u91d1\u6587\u7684\u300c\u5099\u300d\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u5289\u4e00\u66fc (2019)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u4e2d\u9084\u6709\u500b\u5de6\u5074\u958b\u53e3\u534a\u74b0\u5f62\u4e0b\u63a5\u4e00\u66f2\u7b46\u6216\u5c3e\u7aef\u5e36\u52fe\u8c4e\u7b46\u7684\u8c61\u5f62\u5b57\uff08\u5716\u5341\u516d\uff09\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5b57\u5f62\u904e\u65bc\u7c21\u55ae\u800c\u96e3\u4ee5\u5224\u65b7\u6240\u8c61\u70ba\u4f55\uff0c\u65e9\u5e74\u6587\u5b57\u5b78\u8005\u53c3\u8003\u53e4\u6587\u300c\u6c12\u300d\u5b57\u53ca\u5b8b\u4ee3\u97fb\u66f8\u300a\u5ee3\u97fb\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u6c12\uff0c\u53e4\u6587\u53a5\u5b57\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u8a72\u5b57\u5373\u300c\u53a5\u300d\u4e4b\u521d\u6587\uff0c\u7f85\u632f\u7389\u548c\u90ed\u6cab\u82e5\u5247\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u6c12\u300d\u8c61\u6a6b\u7f6e\u4e4b\u77e2\u681d\u4e4b\u5f62\uff0c\u9020\u5b57\u521d\u7fa9\u70ba\u77e2\u6263\u5f26\u8655\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u8a72\u5b57\u8207\u6a6b\u7f6e\u77e2\u681d\u4e4b\u5f62\u4ecd\u6709\u986f\u8457\u5340\u5225\u3002\u300c\u53a5\u300d\u5b57\u7684\u9020\u5b57\u521d\u7fa9\u53ef\u5f9e\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u4e2d\u96b8\u5b9a\u70ba\u300c\u592c\u300d\u7684\u5b57\uff08\u5716\u5341\u516d\uff09\u4f86\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002\u300c\u592c\u300d\u5b57\u4ece\u53f3\u624b\u300c\u53c8\u300d\u4ece\u300c\u6c12\u300d\uff0c\u53f3\u624b\u4e09\u6307\u4e2d\u9593\u4e00\u6307\u8207\u6c12\u5171\u7b46\uff0c\u624b\u6307\u524d\u7aef\u7684\u534a\u74b0\u5f62\u82e5\u5c0d\u7167\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u624b\u6307\u524d\u7aef\u70ba\u74b0\u5f62\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u91cb\u70ba\u300c\u592c\u300d\u7684\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\uff08\u8a3b\u5341\u516d\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\u74b0\u5f62\u6216\u534a\u74b0\u5f62\u61c9\u90fd\u8c61\u624b\u6307\u4e0a\u7684\u74b0\u72c0\u7269\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u5747\u8a8d\u70ba\u592c\u7684\u672c\u7fa9\u662f\u5c04\u7bad\u6642\u6234\u5728\u6307\u4e0a\u7528\u4ee5\u52fe\u5f26\u7684\u6273\u6307\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u4e00\u4e9b\u50b3\u4e16\u3001\u51fa\u571f\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\u592c\u5e38\u8207\u5f13\u3001\u77e2\u4e26\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u897f\u5468\u4e2d\u671f\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u8d9e\u66f9\u9f0e\u9298\u6587\u300c\u552f\u5341\u53c8\u4e94\u5e74\u4e94\u6708\u65e2\u751f\u9738\u58ec\u5348\u3002\u606d\u738b\u5728\u5468\u65b0\u5bae\uff0c\u738b\u5c04\u4e8e\u5c04\u5eec\u3002\u53f2\u8d9e\u66f9\u8cdc\u5f13\u3001\u77e2\u3001\u592c\u3001\u6ad3\u3001\u80c4\u3001\u76fe\u3001\u6bb3\u2026\u2026\u300d\u53ca\u300a\u8a69\u7d93\uff0e\u5c0f\u96c5\uff0e\u8eca\u5de5\u300b:\u300c\u51b3\u62fe\u65e2\u4f7d\uff0c\u5f13\u77e2\u65e2\u8abf\uff08\u8a3b\u5341\u4e03\uff09\u3002\u300d\u76ee\u524d\u8003\u53e4\u51fa\u571f\u5e74\u4ee3\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u6273\u6307\u767c\u73fe\u65bc\u6bb7\u589f\u5a66\u597d\u5893\uff0c\u70ba\u7389\u8cea\uff08\u5716\u5341\u516d\uff09\uff0c\u5e74\u4ee3\u7565\u665a\u4e9b\u7684\u6cb3\u5357\u5b89\u967d\u6bb7\u589f\u897f\u5317\u5d171311\u865f\u5893\u5247\u51fa\u571f\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u9752\u9285\u8cea\u6273\u6307\uff0c\u5f62\u5236\u5747\u70ba\u4e0a\u5bec\u4e0b\u7a84\u7684\u7b52\u5f62\u3001\u5e95\u9762\u4e00\u5074\u958b\u5f26\u69fd\u3002\u62ff\u5546\u4ee3\u8003\u53e4\u51fa\u571f\u6273\u6307\u548c\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u300c\u592c\u300d\u3001\u300c\u6c12\u300d\u5b57\u76f8\u5c0d\u7167\uff0c\u53ef\u63a8\u6e2c\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u300c\u592c\u300d\u5b57\u8c61\u624b\u6307\u4e0a\u6234\u6709\u6273\u6307\uff0c\u800c\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u300c\u6c12\u300d\u5b57\u4e4b\u534a\u74b0\u5f62\u61c9\u70ba\u6273\u6307\u7684\u4fef\u8996\u8c61\u5f62\uff0c\u534a\u74b0\u5f62\u6240\u63a5\u4e4b\u66f2\u7b46\u6216\u5c3e\u7aef\u5e36\u52fe\u8c4e\u7b46\u61c9\u662f\u6273\u6307\u6240\u642d\u5f13\u5f26\uff08\u5716\u5341\u516d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46265\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46265\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46265\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571616-1024x533.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"312\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571616-1024x533.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571616-300x156.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571616-768x400.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571616-1536x800.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571616-2048x1067.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46265\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u5341\u516d\uff1a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u300c\u53a5\u300d\u3001\u300c\u592c\u300d\u5b57\u3001\u6bb7\u589f\u5a66\u597d\u5893\u51fa\u571f\u7389\u6273\u6307\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u793a\u610f\u5716\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u5de6\u99ff (2019)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u6709\u92cc\u96d9\u7ffc\u93c3\u662f\u4e2d\u539f\u5730\u5340\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u9752\u9285\u93c3\u5f62\u5f0f\uff0c\u81ea\u4e8c\u91cc\u982d\u6642\u4ee3\u81f3\u5546\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u59cb\u7d42\u4fdd\u6301\u67f1\u810a\u7a81\u51fa\u3001\u5f8c\u92d2\u5c16\u92b3\u548c\u5169\u7ffc\u5bec\u5c55\u7684\u5916\u5f62\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u897f\u5468\u6642\u671f\u96d9\u7ffc\u9010\u6f38\u6536\u675f\u8f49\u70ba\u7d30\u689d\u72c0\uff0c\u5f8c\u92d2\u5247\u6539\u70ba\u5e73\u76f4\u7121\u5c16\u523a\uff0c\u8b8a\u5316\u61c9\u8207\u6e1b\u5c11\u98db\u884c\u6642\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u963b\u529b\u3001\u63d0\u9ad8\u98db\u884c\u901f\u5ea6\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u6625\u79cb\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9752\u9285\u93c3\u4ecd\u5ef6\u7e8c\u8457\u524d\u4ee3\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u8ecc\u8de1\uff0c\u4f46\u93c3\u8eab\u66f4\u52a0\u4fee\u9577\uff0c\u5448\u689d\u72c0\u7684\u96d9\u7ffc\u4ea6\u66f4\u70ba\u7d30\u9577\uff0c\u93c3\u8eab\u53e6\u8a2d\u8a08\u6709\u8840\u69fd\u4ee5\u52a0\u5f37\u6bba\u50b7\u529b\uff08\u5716\u5341\u4e03\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46266\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46266\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46266\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571617-1024x238.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"139\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571617-1024x238.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571617-300x70.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571617-768x178.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571617-1536x356.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571617-2048x475.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46266\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u5341\u4e03\uff1a\u897f\u5468\u81f3\u6625\u79cb\u6642\u4ee3\uff08\u7531\u5de6\u81f3\u53f3\uff09\u6709\u92cc\u5169\u7ffc\u9752\u9285\u93c3\u7684\u5f62\u5236\u6f14\u8b8a\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u77f3\u5ca9 (2006)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u6625\u79cb\u6642\u4ee3\u4e2d\u539f\u5730\u5340\u9664\u4e86\u6d41\u884c\u6539\u826f\u5f0f\u7684\u6709\u92cc\u96d9\u7ffc\u93c3\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u51fa\u73fe\u6709\u92cc\u4e09\u7ffc\u93c3\u3002\u93c3\u5e36\u4e09\u7ffc\u7684\u6f14\u8b8a\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u93c3\u5728\u98db\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u66f4\u5747\u52fb\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u7a7a\u6c23\u963b\u529b\uff0c\u7a69\u5b9a\u6027\u80fd\u5920\u7372\u5f97\u63d0\u5347\u3002\u6709\u92cc\u4e09\u7ffc\u93c3\u5728\u6625\u79cb\u672b\u548c\u6230\u570b\u6642\u671f\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6f14\u8b8a\u51fa\u5169\u7a2e\u5f62\u5236\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u93c3\u8eab\u7d30\u9577\uff0c\u4e09\u7ffc\u6e1b\u7e2e\u70ba\u810a\u4e0a\u7684\u4e09\u689d\u7a84\u5203\uff0c\u92cc\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\u52a0\u9577\uff0c\u7d04\u7565\u8207\u93c3\u8eab\u76f8\u7b49\uff1b\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5247\u93c3\u8eab\u77ed\u7c97\uff0c\u4e09\u7ffc\u7a0d\u5bec\uff0c\u92cc\u5247\u76f8\u7576\u7e96\u7d30\u4e14\u9577\u5ea6\u9060\u5927\u65bc\u93c3\u8eab\uff0c\u591a\u6578\u9054\u5341\u516c\u5206\u4ee5\u4e0a\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5c11\u6578\u8d85\u904e\u4e09\u5341\u516c\u5206\u3002\u4f34\u96a8\u6625\u79cb\u6642\u4ee3\u4e09\u7ffc\u93c3\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6230\u570b\u6642\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u4e2d\u539f\u5730\u5340\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u6d41\u884c\u6709\u92cc\u4e09\u7a1c\u93c3\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9752\u9285\u93c3\u7684\u92cc\u8207\u93c3\u8eab\u9577\u5ea6\u6bd4\u4f8b\u8207\u524d\u8ff0\u6709\u92cc\u4e09\u7ffc\u93c3\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u5f62\u5236\u985e\u4f3c\uff08\u5716\u5341\u516b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46267\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46267\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46267\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571618-1024x354.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"207\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571618-1024x354.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571618-300x104.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571618-768x265.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571618-1536x531.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571618-2048x708.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46267\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u5341\u516b\uff1a\u6625\u79cb\u81f3\u6230\u570b\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6709\u92cc\u4e09\u7ffc\u3001\u4e09\u7a1c\u93c3\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u77f3\u5ca9 (2014)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u5728\u79e6\u59cb\u7687\u9675\u5175\u99ac\u4fd1\u5751\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u6578\u91cf\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u9752\u9285\u93c3\uff0c\u6263\u9664\u5169\u4ef6\u51fa\u571f\u81ea\u64fe\u571f\u5751\u7684\u6b98\u640d\u6709\u92cc\u96d9\u7ffc\u93c3\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5176\u9918\u90fd\u662f\u6709\u92cc\u4e09\u7ffc\u548c\u4e09\u7a1c\u93c3\uff0c\u5f62\u5236\u70ba\u6771\u5468\u6642\u671f\u540c\u985e\u9752\u9285\u93c3\u7684\u5ef6\u7e8c\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5175\u99ac\u4fd1\u5751\u4e2d\u5175\u4fd1\u6240\u88dd\u5099\u7684\u90fd\u662f\u5f29\u800c\u975e\u5f13\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\u6709\u92cc\u4e09\u7ffc\u548c\u4e09\u7a1c\u93c3\u7684\u767c\u5c04\u88dd\u7f6e\u662f\u5f29\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\uff0c\u6709\u92cc\u96d9\u7ffc\u93c3\u61c9\u662f\u5f13\u77e2\u800c\u975e\u5f29\u77e2\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5be6\u9a57\u8003\u53e4\uff0c\u6625\u79cb\u672b\u3001\u6230\u570b\u521d\u9752\u9285\u4e09\u7ffc\u3001\u4e09\u7a1c\u93c3\u92cc\u90e8\u7684\u52a0\u9577\u8207\u6e1b\u5c11\u77e2\u98db\u884c\u6642\u7684\u632f\u52d5\u3001\u7a7f\u523a\u7269\u9ad4\u6642\u93c3\u8207\u7b34\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u90e8\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u5de8\u5927\u7684\u53cd\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u800c\u8b8a\u5f62\u3001\u6298\u65b7\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u92cc\u52a0\u9577\u4e5f\u53ef\u4f7f\u77e2\u5728\u98db\u884c\u904e\u7a0b\u91cd\u5fc3\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u93c3\u7aef\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u63d0\u5347\u7a7f\u523a\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f29\u662f\u7531\u5f13\u767c\u5c55\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u9060\u5c04\u5175\u5668\uff0c\u7531\u5f13\u3001\u5f29\u81c2\u548c\u5f29\u6a5f\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5f13\u6a6b\u88dd\u65bc\u5f29\u81c2\u524d\u7aef\uff0c\u5f29\u6a5f\u5b89\u88dd\u65bc\u5f29\u81c2\u5f8c\u90e8\uff0c\u5f29\u81c2\u7528\u4ee5\u627f\u5f13\u3001\u6490\u5f26\uff0c\u4e26\u4f9b\u5c04\u624b\u6258\u6301\uff0c\u5f29\u6a5f\u5247\u7528\u4ee5\u6263\u5f26\u3001\u63a7\u5236\u767c\u5c04\u3002\u90e8\u5206\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u9752\u9285\u5f29\u6a5f\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u6625\u79cb\u665a\u671f\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e4b\u524d\u5f29\u61c9\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u4f7f\u7528\u6728\u5f29\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u671f\u3002\u4e09\u570b\u6642\u4ee3\u8b59\u5468\u6240\u8457\u300a\u53e4\u53f2\u8003\u300b\u7a31\u300c\u9ec3\u5e1d\u4f5c\u5f29\u300d\uff0c\u5c07\u5f29\u7684\u767c\u660e\u4e0a\u6eaf\u81f3\u795e\u8a71\u6642\u4ee3\u61c9\u5c6c\u9644\u6703\u800c\u4e0d\u53ef\u4fe1\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5b78\u8005\u89c0\u5bdf\u897f\u5357\u5c11\u6578\u6c11\u65cf\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6728\u5f29\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u63a8\u6e2c\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u8a31\u591a\u907a\u5740\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u5e36\u5b54\u9577\u689d\u5f62\u9aa8\u7247\u53ef\u80fd\u5373\u65e9\u671f\u6728\u5f29\u4e0a\u7684\u6273\u6a5f\uff0c\u4e5f\u7f3a\u4e4f\u76f4\u63a5\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u82e5\u6839\u64da\u300a\u5433\u8d8a\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u6240\u8a18\u8f09\u8d8a\u738b\u52fe\u8e10\u8acb\u695a\u5c07\u9673\u97f3\u6559\u5c04\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5f29\u662f\u7531\u6625\u79cb\u6642\u4ee3\u695a\u570b\u7684\u7434\u6c0f\u300c\u6a6b\u5f13\u8457\u81c2\uff0c\u65bd\u6a5f\u8a2d\u6a1e\u300d\u6240\u767c\u660e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6e56\u5357\u9577\u6c99\u6383\u628a\u5858138\u865f\u695a\u5893\u66fe\u51fa\u571f\u4e00\u5f35\u6230\u570b\u4e2d\u671f\u4fdd\u5b58\u5b8c\u597d\u7684\u5f29\uff08\u5716\u5341\u4e5d\uff09\uff0c\u5f29\u5f13\u7528\u5169\u6bb5\u7af9\u5b50\u62fc\u63a5\uff0c\u91cd\u758a\u6bb5\u7528\u7d72\u7da2\u5305\u7e8f\u5f8c\u518d\u4ee5\u7d72\u7dda\u7e5e\u624e\u4e26\u9af9\u9ed1\u6f06\uff0c\u5f29\u81c2\u5247\u7528\u5169\u6bb5\u6728\u6599\u63a5\u5408\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u524d\u7aef\u6709\u52a0\u5bec\u7684\u5f27\u51f9\u627f\u5f13\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u5f35\u5f13\u6642\u65b7\u6298\uff0c\u5f13\u5247\u4ee5\u7e69\u7d22\u7d81\u7e1b\u56fa\u5b9a\u65bc\u5f29\u81c2\u524d\u7aef\u5169\u5074\u9644\u8033\u3002\u5f29\u81c2\u9802\u5074\u6709\u77e2\u69fd\uff0c\u69fd\u5f8c\u6bb5\u5bec\u800c\u6df1\u4ee5\u5bb9\u77e2\u4e4b\u7fbd\u5c3e\u3002\u69fd\u5f8c\u5728\u5f29\u81c2\u4e0a\u6316\u9577\u65b9\u5f62\u5b54\uff08\u6a5f\u5ed3\uff09\u4ee5\u5b89\u88dd\u9752\u9285\u5f29\u6a5f\u3002\u5f29\u6a5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7531\u4e09\u500b\u96f6\u4ef6\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u7684\u8f49\u8ef8\u9023\u52d5\u5f0f\u7684\u767c\u5c04\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u5f8c\u4e0a\u65b9\u7684\u671b\u5c71\uff08\u6a5f\u920e\uff09\u548c\u5f8c\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u61f8\u5200\uff08\u6273\u6a5f\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u540c\u4e00\u6839\u9752\u9285\u63d2\u92b7\uff08\u6a1e\uff09\u4e32\u5408\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u5f29\u81c2\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u524d\u65b9\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u920e\u5fc3\uff08\u588a\u6a5f\uff09\u7528\u4e00\u6839\u9752\u9285\u63d2\u92b7\uff08\u6a1e\uff09\u56fa\u5b9a\u3002\u671b\u5c71\u524d\u90e8\u6709\u7259\u7528\u4ee5\u920e\u5f26\uff0c\u5f8c\u90e8\u9ad8\u8d77\u7528\u65bc\u7784\u6e96\u3002\u5f29\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\u5148\u4ee5\u624b\u62c9\u671b\u5c71\u4f7f\u7259\u4e0a\u5347\uff0c\u920e\u5fc3\u9019\u6642\u6703\u88ab\u9806\u52e2\u5e36\u8d77\uff0c\u5176\u4e0b\u9f52\u5247\u6703\u5361\u65bc\u61f8\u5200\u7684\u5361\u53e3\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4fbf\u53ef\u5c07\u5f13\u5f26\u920e\u5728\u5f29\u6a5f\u7684\u7259\u4e0a\u3002\u767c\u5c04\u6642\u5411\u5f8c\u6273\u52d5\u61f8\u5200\uff0c\u7259\u9806\u52e2\u4e0b\u7e2e\uff0c\u5f29\u77e2\u5373\u96a8\u5f26\u7684\u56de\u5f48\u5e36\u52d5\u5c04\u51fa\uff08\u5716\u5341\u4e5d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46268\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46268\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46268\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571619-1024x389.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"228\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571619-1024x389.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571619-300x114.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571619-768x291.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571619-1536x583.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571619-2048x777.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46268\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u5341\u4e5d\uff1a\u6e56\u5357\u9577\u6c99\u6383\u628a\u5858138\u865f\u695a\u5893\u51fa\u571f\u5f29\u5fa9\u539f\u53ca\u5f29\u6a5f\u7d50\u69cb\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u6797\u6c84 (1993)\u3001\u9673\u5229\u7def (2022)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u8207\u5f13\u76f8\u8f03\uff0c\u5f29\u6709\u4ee5\u4e0b\u512a\u5340\u9ede\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5f29\u5f26\u5f35\u958b\u5f8c\u53ef\u5148\u64f1\u65bc\u7a81\u8d77\u7684\u7259\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5982\u5f35\u5f13\u822c\u4e00\u76f4\u4f7f\u7528\u81c2\u529b\u62c9\u5f26\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u5ef6\u6642\u767c\u5c04\uff0c\u4f7f\u5c04\u624b\u6709\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u6642\u9593\u7784\u6e96\u3002\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5229\u65bc\u591a\u4eba\u5354\u540c\u9f4a\u5c04\u3002\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u5f35\u5f29\u9664\u4e86\u4f7f\u7528\u81c2\u529b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u96d9\u8173\u8e6c\u3001\u7528\u8170\u5f15\u3001\u7528\u7d5e\u8eca\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u7378\u529b\uff0c\u5c04\u7a0b\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u589e\u9060\uff0c\u5f29\u77e2\u5a01\u529b\u4e5f\u8f03\u5f13\u77e2\u66f4\u5927\u3002\uff08\u56db\uff09\u5f35\u5f29\u7f6e\u77e2\u65bc\u77e2\u69fd\u5f8c\u518d\u5c04\u64ca\u6240\u8017\u8cbb\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6bd4\u96d9\u81c2\u5f35\u5f13\u642d\u7bad\u9577\uff0c\u5c04\u64ca\u901f\u5ea6\u8f03\u6162\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e\u8003\u53e4\u767c\u6398\u60c5\u51b5\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5f29\u666e\u904d\u88dd\u5099\u65bc\u8ecd\u968a\u5728\u6230\u570b\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u767c\u751f\u65bc\u516c\u5143\u524d342\u5e74\uff0c\u8a18\u8f09\u65bc\u300a\u53f2\u8a18\uff0e\u5b6b\u5b50\u5433\u8d77\u5217\u50b3\u300b\u7684\u9f4a\u9b4f\u99ac\u9675\u4e4b\u6230\u4fbf\u662f\u4e00\u5834\u5927\u91cf\u4f7f\u7528\u5f29\u7d66\u4e88\u6575\u8ecd\u81f4\u547d\u6027\u6253\u64ca\u7684\u6230\u5f79\u3002\u6230\u570b\u6642\u671f\u5f29\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u4e5f\u8207\u7576\u6642\u8ecd\u968a\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u8b8a\u9769\u76f8\u547c\u61c9\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u9060\u5c04\u5175\u5668\u66f4\u80fd\u5920\u8b93\u6b63\u5728\u8208\u8d77\u7684\u6b65\u5352\u767c\u63ee\u6230\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6548\u7d66\u4e88\u50b3\u7d71\u6b65\u5352\u7684\u524b\u661f\uff0d\u99df\u99ac\u6230\u8eca\u7cbe\u6e96\u6253\u64ca\u3002\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u4fbf\u8a8d\u70ba\u6230\u570b\u6642\u671f\u6230\u8eca\u7684\u6c92\u843d\u8207\u5f29\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u6709\u6975\u5927\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6839\u64da\u300a\u8aaa\u6587\u89e3\u5b57\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u5f29\uff0c\u5f13\u6709\u81c2\u8005\u3002\u300a\u5468\u79ae\u300b\u56db\u5f29\uff1a\u593e\u5f29\u3001\u5ebe\u5f29\u3001\u5510\u5f29\u3001\u5927\u5f29\u3002\u4ece\u5f13\uff0c\u5974\u8072\u300d\uff0c\u53ef\u77e5\u300c\u5f29\u300d\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5f62\u8072\u5b57\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u300c\u5f29\u300d\u5b57\u898b\u65bc\u6230\u570b\u71d5\u7cfb\u4ece\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u4ece\u300c\u5973\u300d\u7684\u300c\u36a2\u300d\u5b57\uff0c\u4eca\u65e5\u6977\u9ad4\u7684\u300c\u5f29\u300d\u5b57\u6e90\u65bc\u5c0f\u7bc6\u3001\u79e6\u96b8\u548c\u6f22\u96b8\uff0c\u70ba\u300c\u5974\u300d\u4e0b\u6709\u300c\u5f13\u300d\u7684\u5b57\u5f62\uff08\u5716\u4e8c\u5341\uff09\u3002\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u8207\u897f\u5468\u91d1\u6587\u88e1\u6c92\u6709\u300c\u5f29\u300d\u5b57\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5f29\u662f\u6771\u5468\u6642\u671f\u624d\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u9060\u5c04\u5175\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_46269\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-46269\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-46269\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571620-1024x400.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"234\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571620-1024x400.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571620-300x117.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571620-768x300.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571620-1536x599.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/\u571620-2048x799.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-46269\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e8c\u5341\uff1a\u6230\u570b\u65e9\u671f\u81f3\u6f22\u4ee3\u7684\u300c\u5f29\u300d\u5b57\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u8a3b\u91cb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u5341\u4e94\uff1a\u300a\u8aaa\u6587\u89e3\u5b57\u300b\u4e2d\u5206\u70ba\u300c\u7b99\u300d\u3001\u300c\u300d\u4e8c\u5b57\uff0c\u5206\u8a13\u70ba\u300c\u5f29\u77e2\u7b99\u4e5f\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5177\u4e5f\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u4e00\u5b57\u671d\u5b57\u5f62\u548c\u5b57\u7fa9\u7684\u5206\u5411\u767c\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u5341\u516d\uff1a\u53e4\u6587\u5b57\u4e2d\u67d0\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5c01\u53e3\u7684\u5beb\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u6210\u5c01\u53e3\uff0c\u5c01\u53e3\u7684\u5beb\u6cd5\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u6210\u4e0d\u5c01\u53e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u5341\u4e03\uff1a\u5728\u50b3\u4e16\u8207\u51fa\u571f\u6587\u737b\u4e2d\uff0c\u592c\u4ea6\u5beb\u4f5c\u51b3\u3001\u6289\u6216\u73a6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u4e8e\u7701\u543e<br \/>\n2017\u300a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u5b57\u91cb\u6797\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8\u9928\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u738b\u6069\u7530<br \/>\n2004\u3008\u91cb\u25a1\u3001\u25a1\u3001\u25a1\uff0d\u517c\u8aaa\u7540\u3001\u7541\u5b57\u5f62\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u6587\u5b57\u7814\u7a76\u6703\u3001\u6d59\u6c5f\u7701\u6587\u7269\u8003\u53e4\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u6587\u5b57\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u8f2f\uff09\uff0c\u980129-35\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u83ef\u66f8\u5c40\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u738b\u904b\u8f14<br \/>\n2007\u3008\u5c0d\u9752\u9285\u93c3\u9577\u92cc\u7684\u6a21\u64ec\u5be6\u9a57\u7814\u7a76\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u980191-94\uff0c96\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u8003\u53e4\u7814\u7a76\u6240 \u7de8\u8457<br \/>\n1994\u300a\u6bb7\u589f\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6bdb\u7a4e<br \/>\n1998\u3008\u5f29\u6a5f\u6982\u8ad6\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6771\u5357\u6587\u5316\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\uff0c\u9801109-117\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5de6\u99ff<br \/>\n2019\u3008\u6c7a\u62fe\u65e2\u4f7d\uff0d\u4e2d\u570b\u7389\u8cea\u5c04\u8b77\u5177\u7684\u6d41\u8207\u8b8a\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u4e2d\u570b\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u9707\u65e6\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7de8\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u4ee3\u6587\u660e\u300b\uff08\u7b2c13\u5377\uff09\uff0c\u9801114-168\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u53f2\u5149\u8f1d<br \/>\n2004\u3008\u5e38\u7528\u8a5e\u300c\u77e2\u300d\u3001\u300c\u7bad\u300d\u7684\u6b77\u6642\u66ff\u63db\u8003\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6f22\u8a9e\u53f2\u5b78\u5831\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u8f2f\uff0c\u9801160-167\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u77f3\u5ca9<br \/>\n2005\u3008\u9752\u9285\u4e09\u68f1\u93c3\u8207\u4e09\u7ffc\u93c3\u51fa\u73fe\u5e74\u4ee3\u8003\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5317\u65b9\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u980115-16\u3002<br \/>\n2006\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u5317\u65b9\u5148\u79e6\u6642\u671f\u9752\u9285\u93c3\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u9577\u6625\uff1a\u5409\u6797\u5927\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<br \/>\n2007\u3008\u9577\u8eab\u7570\u5f62\u93c3\u8003\u8fa8\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u8207\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f\uff0c\u980138-41\u3002<br \/>\n2014\u3008\u4e2d\u539f\u5730\u5340\u5148\u79e6\u6642\u671f\u9752\u9285\u93c3\u7814\u7a76\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u539f\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\uff0c\u980171-78\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u77f3\u748b\u5982<br \/>\n1950\u3008\u5c0f\u5c6f\u6bb7\u4ee3\u7684\u6210\u5957\u5175\u5668\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6b77\u53f2\u8a9e\u8a00\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u96c6\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u672c\uff0c\u980119-84\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b89\u5bb6\u5a9b<br \/>\n2014\u3008\u8a66\u8ad6\u6211\u570b\u53f2\u524d\u7684\u5f13\u7bad\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u535a\u7269\u9928\u9928\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u98013-9\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6731\u6e1d\u6176<br \/>\n1985\u3008\u6dfa\u8ac7\u7bad\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u5f48\u9053\u7279\u9ede\u53ca\u5176\u7cbe\u5ea6\u5f71\u97ff\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u9ad4\u80b2\u79d1\u6280\u300b\u7b2c\u4e03\u671f\uff0c\u980141-44\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6731\u9cf3\u701a<br \/>\n2009\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u9752\u9285\u5668\u7d9c\u8ad6\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6c88\u57f9<br \/>\n2002\u3008\u535c\u8fad\u300c\u96c9\u773e\u300d\u88dc\u91cb\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u6f22\u8a9e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u8ad6\u53e2\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u8f2f\uff0c\u9801238-239\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u5546\u52d9\u5370\u66f8\u9928\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u674e\u5c11\u4e00\u3001\u5289\u65ed<br \/>\n1985\u300a\u5e72\u6208\u6625\u79cb\uff0d\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u5175\u5668\u53f2\u8a71\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u5c55\u671b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u674e\u91d1\u946b\u3001\u937e\u5efa\u69ae\u3001\u96f7\u8208\u5c71<br \/>\n2025\u3008\u5468\u539f\u9676\u6587\u300c\u7b99\u300d\u8207\u300c\u4ee5\u7269\u70ba\u5fbd\u300d\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u8207\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\uff0c\u980185-100\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u674e\u6625\u6843<br \/>\n2017\u3008\u8aaa\u300c\u592c\u300d\u300c\u97d8\u300d\uff0d\u5f9e\u300c\u592c\u300d\u5b57\u8003\u91cb\u8ac7\u5230\u6587\u7269\u4e2d\u6273\u6307\u7684\u547d\u540d\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5409\u6797\u5927\u5b78\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u5b78\u5831\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u5341\u4e03\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u9801175-182\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u674e\u5b78\u52e4 \u4e3b\u7de8<br \/>\n2012\u300a\u5b57\u6e90\u300b\uff0c\u5929\u6d25\uff1a\u5929\u6d25\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u674e\u946b\u8449\u3001\u8c46\u6d77\u92d2<br \/>\n2024\u3008\u9aa8\u93c3\u6bba\u50b7\u529b\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0d\u4ee5\u965d\u897f\u65ec\u9091\u897f\u982d\u907a\u5740\u70ba\u4f8b\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u6587\u5316\u907a\u7523\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u4fdd\u8b77\u6280\u8853\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u91cd\u9ede\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7b49\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u897f\u90e8\u8003\u53e4\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u516d\u8f2f\uff09\uff0c\u9801313-324\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5ca1\u6751\u79c0\u5178<br \/>\n1997\u3008\u4e2d\u570b\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6230\u722d\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u83ef\u590f\u8003\u53e4\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\uff0c\u9801100-112\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5468\u5efa\u90a6<br \/>\n2018\u3008\u5148\u79e6\u5c04\u79ae\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u4faf\u300d\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u554f\u984c\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u7d93\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u7814\u7a76\u96c6\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u8f2f\uff0c\u98011-20\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5cb3\u6d2a\u5f6c\u3001\u5cb3\u5360\u5049<br \/>\n2009\u3008\u6bb7\u589f\u7684\u93c3\u8207\u7532\u9aa8\u91d1\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u77e2\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5c04\u300d\u5b57\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u516b\u671f\uff0c\u980146-54\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6797\u6c84<br \/>\n1993\u3008\u5f29\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u5178\u7c4d\u8207\u6587\u5316\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u671f\uff0c\u980133-37\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6797\u7fa9\u5149<br \/>\n2017\u300a\u6587\u6e90\u300b\uff08\u6a19\u9ede\u672c\uff09\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u65bd\u6f09\u598d<br \/>\n2024\u3008\u53e4\u6587\u5b57\u300c\u7540\u300d\u7684\u6e90\u6d41\u6f14\u8b8a\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u5316\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u980126-30\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f90\u5c71<br \/>\n2011\u3008\u91cb\u300c\u4faf\u300d\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u539f\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u671f\uff0c\u980151-52\uff0c72\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f90\u7d05<br \/>\n2017\u3008\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u7d66\u4e88\u52d5\u8a5e\u7814\u7a76\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u7c4d\u6574\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u671f\uff0c\u980119-22\u3002<br \/>\n2018\u3008\u82b1\u6771\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u7684\u7d66\u4e88\u52d5\u8a5e\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u907c\u5be7\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u5831\u300b\uff08\u54f2\u5b78\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7248\uff09\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u516d\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\uff0c\u9801138-145\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f90\u5bf6\u8cb4<br \/>\n2006\u3008\u6bb7\u5546\u6587\u5b57\u7814\u7a76\u5169\u7bc7\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u5fa9\u65e6\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u571f\u6587\u737b\u8207\u53e4\u6587\u5b57\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u51fa\u571f\u6587\u737b\u8207\u53e4\u6587\u5b57\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e00\u8f2f\uff09\uff0c\u9801155-171\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u5fa9\u65e6\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5510\u862d<br \/>\n1972\u3008\u6c38\u76c2\u9298\u6587\u89e3\u91cb\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u980158-62\u3002<br \/>\n1972\u3008\u6c38\u76c2\u9298\u6587\u89e3\u91cb\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u88dc\u5145\uff0d\u5e76\u7b54\u8b80\u8005\u4f86\u4fe1\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u980153-56\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9023\u90b5\u540d<br \/>\n2002\u3008\u6bb7\u589f\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u7b99\u300d\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u7269\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u980126\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u90ed\u598d\u5229<br \/>\n2009\u3008\u4e8c\u91cc\u982d\u907a\u5740\u51fa\u571f\u5175\u5668\u521d\u63a2\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6c5f\u6f22\u8003\u53e4\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\uff0c\u980166-75\u3002<br \/>\n2014\u300a\u5546\u4ee3\u9752\u9285\u5175\u5668\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u6587\u737b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f35\u541b\u6fe4<br \/>\n2020\u3008\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u300c\u81f3\u300d\u88dc\u91cb\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u6587\u5b57\u7814\u7a76\u6703\u3001\u6cb3\u5357\u5927\u5b78\u7532\u9aa8\u5b78\u8207\u6f22\u5b57\u6587\u660e\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7de8\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u6587\u5b57\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e09\u8f2f\uff09\uff0c\u9801110-112\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u83ef\u66f8\u5c40\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f35\u666f\u696d<br \/>\n2022\u3008\u8a66\u8ad6\u300c\u5bc5\u300d\u5b57\u672c\u7fa9\u53ca\u5b57\u5f62\u6f14\u5316\u8ecc\u8de1\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5927\u9023\u5927\u5b78\u5b78\u5831\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e09\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\uff0c\u980148-50\uff0c65\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9673\u5229\u7def<br \/>\n2022\u3008\u82bb\u8b70\u6230\u570b\u81f3\u6f22\u4ee3\u5f29\u6a5f\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u53ca\u7279\u5fb5\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u7269\u9451\u5b9a\u8207\u9451\u8cde\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e5d\u671f\uff0c\u9801130-133\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9673\u5efa<br \/>\n2019\u3008\u8ac7\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u300c\u7550\u300d\u5b57\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u5b8b\u93ae\u8c6a\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u8207\u6bb7\u5546\u53f2\u300b\uff08\u65b0\u4e5d\u8f2f\uff09\uff0c\u9801297-302\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9673\u7fd4<br \/>\n2019\u3008\u6bb7\u589f\u9aa8\u93c3\u5f62\u5236\u8207\u529f\u80fd\u7814\u7a76\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u4e5d\u671f\uff0c\u980187-96\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u66f9\u83ef\u658c<br \/>\n2008\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u5f29\u5f13\u7684\u5f62\u5236\u548c\u8a13\u91cb\u300b\uff0c\u5357\u660c\uff1a\u5357\u660c\u5927\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5d14\u6a02\u6cc9<br \/>\n1995\u3008\u300c\u5c04\u4faf\u300d\u8003\u7565\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6210\u90fd\u9ad4\u80b2\u5b78\u9662\u5b78\u5831\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f\uff0c\u980115-19\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u694a\u6cd3\u3001\u674e\u529b<br \/>\n2017\u300a\u5716\u89e3\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u5175\u5668\u300b\uff0c\u81fa\u5317\uff1a\u98a8\u683c\u53f8\u85dd\u8853\u5275\u4f5c\u574a\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u88d8\u932b\u572d<br \/>\n2015\u3008\u300c\u7540\u300d\u5b57\u88dc\u91cb\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u6c0f\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u88d8\u932b\u572d\u5b78\u8853\u6587\u96c6\uff0e\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u5377\u300b\uff0c\u980127-35\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u5fa9\u65e6\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<br \/>\n2015\u3008\u7532\u9aa8\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u6240\u898b\u300c\u7530\u300d\u300c\u7267\u300d\u300c\u885b\u300d\u7b49\u8077\u5b98\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0d\u517c\u8ad6\u300c\u4faf\u300d\u300c\u7538\u300d\u300c\u7537\u300d\u300c\u885b\u300d\u7b49\u5e7e\u7a2e\u8af8\u4faf\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u6c0f\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u88d8\u932b\u572d\u5b78\u8853\u6587\u96c6\uff0e\u53e4\u4ee3\u6b77\u53f2\u3001\u601d\u60f3\u3001\u6c11\u4fd7\u5377\u300b\uff0c\u9801153-168\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u5fa9\u65e6\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8521\u54f2\u8302<br \/>\n2020\u3008\u91cb\u6bb7\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u300c\u901f\u300d\u5b57\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u5b8b\u93ae\u8c6a\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u8207\u6bb7\u5546\u53f2\u300b\uff08\u65b0\u5341\u8f2f\uff09\uff0c\u9801127-144\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5100\u5fb7\u525b<br \/>\n2021\u3008\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u7684\u4faf\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u8faf\u8b49\u6cd5\u901a\u8a0a\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u4e09\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c\u516d\u671f\uff0c\u980170-80\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5100\u5fb7\u525b\u3001\u77bf\u5c0f\u5065<br \/>\n2022\u3008\u4e2d\u570b\u65e9\u671f\u76db\u77e2\u4e4b\u5668\u300c\u7b99\u300d\u7684\u540d\u7269\u8003\u8fa8\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u907a\u7522\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u8f2f\uff0c\u9801218-234\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5289\u4e00\u66fc<br \/>\n2019\u3008\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u8207\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u91cb\u8b80\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6bb7\u90fd\u5b78\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u98017-16\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5289\u9053\u5ee3<br \/>\n2009\u3008\u300c\u4faf\u300d\u5f62\u5236\u8003\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u8207\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\uff0c\u980164-66\uff0c112\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u77bf\u5c0f\u5065<br \/>\n2022\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u76db\u77e2\u4e4b\u5668\u7684\u540d\u7269\u8003\u8b49\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u6771\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u984f\u4e16\u9249<br \/>\n2019\u3008\u8aaa\u300c\u81f3\u300d\u548c\u300c\u6649\u300d\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u9952\u5b97\u9824\u570b\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u671f\uff0c\u9801331-346\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8606\u91d1\u5cf0<br \/>\n2008\u3008\u6bb7\u5546\u5c04\u7bad\u521d\u6b65\u7814\u7a76\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6bb7\u90fd\u5b78\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u980126-30\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8606\u91d1\u5cf0\u3001\u4e8e\u65b0<br 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