{"id":45660,"date":"2025-10-01T18:00:01","date_gmt":"2025-10-01T10:00:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=45660"},"modified":"2025-09-30T09:49:09","modified_gmt":"2025-09-30T01:49:09","slug":"%e7%94%b2%e9%aa%a8%e6%96%87%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e9%a6%ac%e3%80%8d%e5%ad%97%e3%80%81%e5%95%86%e4%bb%a3%e6%99%9a%e6%9c%9f%e7%9a%84%e9%a6%ac%e4%bb%a5%e5%8f%8a%e4%b8%ad%e5%9c%8b%e5%ae%b6%e9%a6%ac%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=45660","title":{"rendered":"\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u5b57\u3001\u5546\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u7684\u99ac\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\uff08\u4e0b\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: 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(<em>Equus caballus<\/em>) \u5b58\u5728\u5e74\u4ee3\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u907a\u5740\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u91ce\u751f\u7956\u5148\u662f\u91ce\u99ac (<em>Equus ferus<\/em>)\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u8aaa\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u554f\u984c\u4fbf\u662f\u6bb7\u589f\u51fa\u571f\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5b78\u754c\u4e3b\u6d41\u610f\u898b\u8a8d\u70ba\u5546\u4ee3\u5148\u6c11\u7368\u7acb\u99b4\u5316\u91ce\u99ac\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6975\u4f4e\uff0c\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\uff1a\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u95dc\u5bb6\u99ac\u8d77\u6e90\u5730\u5340\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u8ad6\u6307\u5411\u6b50\u4e9e\u8349\u539f\u897f\u90e8\uff08\u8a3b\u4e8c\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u5168\u7403\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u99ac\u99b4\u5316\u8b49\u64da\u4e00\u8aaa\u898b\u65bc\u54c8\u85a9\u514b\u5317\u90e8\u7684\u535a\u6cf0 (Botai) 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(Haplogroup) 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id=\"attachment_45664\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45664\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45664\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571610-1024x431.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"253\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571610-1024x431.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571610-300x126.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571610-768x323.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571610-1536x647.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571610-2048x862.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45664\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u5341\uff1a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u300c\u7262\u300d\u5b57\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u4e5f\u6307\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a5f\u52d5\u6027\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u5e38\u5099\u8ecd\uff0c\u5f9e\u535c\u8fad\u5167\u5bb9\u53ef\u77e5\u5546\u738b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d3e\u9063\u5b83\u5011\u53c3\u8207\u7530\u7375\u6d3b\u52d5\u3001\u505a\u9677\u9631\u3001\u653b\u64ca\u67d0\u300c\u65b9\u300d\u3002\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u4e5f\u80fd\u8207\u300c\u620d\u300d\uff08\u885b\u620d\u90e8\u968a\uff09\uff08\u5716\u5341\u4e00\uff09\uff08\u8a3b\u5341\u4e00\uff09\u4e26\u5217\uff0c\u8207\u300c\u5c04\u300d\uff08\u5f13\u7bad\u90e8\u968a\uff09\u6703\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45661\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45661\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45661\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571611-1024x262.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"154\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571611-1024x262.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571611-300x77.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571611-768x196.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571611-1536x393.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571611-2048x524.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45661\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u5341\u4e00\uff1a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u300c\u620d\u300d\u5b57\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u53e6\u5f9e\u300a\u5408\u300b27945\uff1a\u300c\u620a\u7533\u535c\uff0c\u99ac\u5176\u5148\uff0c\u738b\u514c\u6bd4\u3002\u5927\u5409\u300d\u3001\u300a\u5408\u300b27948\uff1a\u300c\u5e9a\u5348\u535c\uff0c\u8c9e\u7fcc\u65e5\u8f9b\uff0c\u738b\u5176\u7530\uff0c\u99ac\u5176\u5148\uff0c\u64d2\uff0c\u4e0d\u96e8\u300d\u53ef\u77e5\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u4e5f\u662f\u5546\u738b\u6d3b\u52d5\u51fa\u884c\u6642\u7684\u5148\u5c0e\u90e8\u968a\uff0c\u64d4\u4efb\u51fa\u8b66\u5165\u8e55\u7684\u8077\u52d9\u3002\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u300c\u591a\u99ac\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u61c9\u662f\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u9ad4\uff0c\u610f\u7fa9\u985e\u4f3c\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u300c\u591a\u5b50\u300d\u3001\u300c\u591a\u5a66\u300d\uff0c\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u5728\u6b64\u4f5c\u8077\u5b98\u540d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u53ef\u898b\u5546\u738b\u547d\u4ee4\u300c\u591a\u99ac\u300d\u5f9e\u4e8b\u8ecd\u4e8b\u9632\u885b\u3001\u9032\u653b\u3001\u7530\u7375\u6d3b\u52d5\u9010\u9e7f\u3001\u5c04\u8c55\u3001\u5c04\u9e8b\uff0c\u800c\u7387\u9818\u300c\u591a\u99ac\u300d\u7684\u5c07\u9818\u53ef\u80fd\u5373\u300c\u99ac\u5c0f\u81e3\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u535c\u8fad\u53ef\u898b\u67d0\u65b9\u570b\u653b\u64ca\u5546\u738b\u671d\uff0c\u5546\u738b\u547d\u4ee4\u300c\u99ac\u5c0f\u81e3\u300d\u6709\u6240\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u300c\u99ac\u5c0f\u81e3\u300d\u7684\u8077\u80fd\u9664\u4e86\u8ecd\u52d9\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u61c9\u4e5f\u6709\u98fc\u990a\u99ac\u5339\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u99ac\u653f\u3002\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u53e6\u6709\u300c\u99ac\u4e9e\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u300c\u4e9e\u300d\u61c9\u662f\u8eab\u5206\u5730\u4f4d\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u7684\u5c0a\u865f\uff0c\u300c\u591a\u99ac\u4e9e\u300d\u7fa9\u540c\u524d\u8ff0\uff0c\u6307\u300c\u99ac\u4e9e\u300d\u7684\u96c6\u5408\u9ad4\u3002\u6839\u64da\u535c\u8fad\uff0c\u300c\u591a\u99ac\u4e9e\u300d\u6642\u5e38\u53d7\u738b\u547d\u5de1\u8996\u908a\u5730\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u548c\u8fb2\u696d\u7d93\u6fdf\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a5f\u52d5\u6027\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u5e38\u5099\u8ecd\uff0c\u5b78\u754c\u904e\u53bb\u66fe\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u548c\u8207\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u8af8\u591a\u8a5e\u5f59\u6307\u7684\u662f\u4ee5\u6230\u8eca\u70ba\u4e3b\u7684\u6b66\u88dd\u90e8\u968a\uff0c\u7562\u7adf\u6839\u64da\u50b3\u4e16\u6587\u737b\u800c\u4f86\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u4e2d\u570b\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u9a0e\u5175\u5927\u81f4\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u6625\u79cb\u672b\u3001\u6230\u570b\u521d\uff08\u8a3b\u5341\u4e8c\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u53ef\u80fd\u4e26\u4e0d\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u4fbf\u6307\u51fa\u5b89\u967d\u6bb7\u589f\u51fa\u571f\u8eca\u99ac\u5751\u548c\u4eba\u3001\u99ac\u5408\u846c\u5751\u6240\u898b\u90e8\u5206\u99ac\u5177\u985e\u578b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5e36\u91d8\u9f52C\u5f62\u99ac\u929c\u548c\u5c16\u9310\u7b56\u98fe\u986f\u7136\u4e0d\u7528\u65bc\u8eca\u99ac\uff0c\u8f03\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5c08\u5c6c\u9a0e\u58eb\u7684\u99ac\u5177\uff0c\u800c\u51fa\u571f\u4e00\u4eba\u4e00\u99ac\u4e00\u72ac\u548c\u9752\u9285\u7378\u9996\u5200\u3001\u5f13\u5f62\u5668\u3001\u792a\u77f3\u7b49\u5de5\u5177\u7684\u5c0f\u5c6fC\u5340164\u865f\u5893\u4fbf\u6975\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u5ea7\u9a0e\u58eb\u5893\u3002\u53e6\u5f9e\u535c\u8fad\u5167\u5bb9\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u82e5\u6307\u6230\u8eca\u6642\u6703\u4ee5\u300c\u8eca\u99ac\u300d\u9023\u7528\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u55ae\u7d14\u5fb5\u53ec\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u6642\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u767b\u99ac\u300d\u3001\u300c\u81f4\u99ac\u300d\u4e00\u8a5e\uff0c\u9019\u8207\u5fb5\u53ec\u4eba\u7528\u300c\u767b\u773e\u300d\u3001\u5fb5\u53ec\u5f13\u7bad\u5175\u7528\u300c\u81f4\u5c04\u300d\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u61c9\u662f\u9a0e\u5175\u3002\u518d\u6839\u64da\u300a\u5408\u300b500\uff1a\u300c\u25a1\u5df3\u535c\uff0c\u25a1\uff0c\u8c9e\u5154\u4ee5\u4e09\u5341\u99ac\uff0c\u5141\u5176\u3694\u7f8c\u300d\u3001\u300c\u8c9e\uff0c\u5154\u4e09\u5341\u99ac\u5f17\u5176\u3694\u7f8c\u300d\u7684\u5c0d\u8c9e\uff0c\u82e5\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u300c\u5154\u300d\u6b64\u4eba\u6240\u6d3e\u9063\u524d\u5f80\u300c\u3694\u7f8c\u300d\u7684\uff0c\u4e09\u5341\u5339\u99ac\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u6355\u7372\u7f8c\u4eba\u7684\uff0c\u6545\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u53ea\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u9a0e\u5175\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u4e2d\u6709\u500b\u4e00\u4eba\u8de8\u5750\u65bc\u67d0\u7a2e\u52d5\u7269\u4e4b\u4e0a\u7684\u5b57\u5f62\uff08\u5716\u5341\u4e8c\uff09\uff0c\u50c5\u898b\u65bc\u300a\u5408\u300b17989\u300122283\u300122284\u300122288\u300122289\u548c22290\uff0c\u5c0d\u7167\u6230\u570b\u6642\u671f\u7684\u300c\u5947\u300d\u5b57\uff08\u5716\u5341\u4e09\uff09\uff0c\u61c9\u53ef\u660e\u78ba\u5c07\u8a72\u5b57\u96b8\u5b9a\u70ba\u300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id=\"attachment_45662\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45662\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45662\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571612-1024x214.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"125\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571612-1024x214.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571612-300x63.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571612-768x160.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571612-1536x321.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571612-2048x428.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45662\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u5341\u4e8c\uff1a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u300c\u5947\u300d\u5b57\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<figure id=\"attachment_45663\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-45663\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-45663\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571613-1024x522.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"306\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571613-1024x522.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571613-300x153.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571613-768x391.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571613-1536x782.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571613-2048x1043.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-45663\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u5341\u4e09\uff1a\u6230\u570b\u6587\u5b57\u7684\u300c\u5947\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9a0e\u300d\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u4f5c\u8005\u63d0\u4f9b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u6709\u662f\u5426\u4ee5\u9a0e\u5175\u6295\u5165\u6230\u722d\u4e4b\u8c9e\u554f\uff0c\u898b\u65bc\u300a\u5408\u300b6943\uff1a\u300c\u7532\u620c\u535c\uff0c\u3c7f\uff0c\u8c9e\u6211\u99ac\u53ca\u620e\uff1f\u300d\u3001\u300a\u5408\u300b5715\uff1a\u300c\u7678\u5df3\u535c\uff0c\u8cd3\uff0c\u591a\u99ac\u5193\u620e\uff1f\u300d\u300a\u5408\u300b5716\uff1a\u300c\u4e01\u4ea5\u535c\uff0c\u591a\u99ac\u4ece\u620e\uff1f\u300d\u4e0a\u63ed\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u300c\u620e\u300d\u4f5c\u70ba\u540d\u8a5e\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u6230\u722d\u3002\u6230\u6642\u5546\u738b\u9700\u8981\u300c\u8087\u99ac\u300d\uff08\u555f\u52d5\u99ac\u968a\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6839\u64da\u300a\u5408\u300b5825\uff1a\u300c\u4e19\u7533\u535c\uff0c\u8c9e\u8087\u99ac\u5de6\u3001\u53f3\u3001\u4e2d\u4eba\u4e09\u767e\uff1f\u516d\u6708\u300d\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u9a0e\u5175\u53ef\u80fd\u5206\u6210\u5de6\u3001\u4e2d\u3001\u53f3\u4e09\u968a\uff0c\u6bcf\u968a\u4e00\u767e\u4eba\u3002\u5546\u738b\u6bcf\u9047\u6230\u4e8b\u4e5f\u6703\u8abf\u52d5\u300c\u65cf\u99ac\u300d\uff0c\u898b\u65bc\u300a\u5408\u300b5728\uff1a\u300c\u60df\u4e09\u65cf\u99ac\u4ee4\u5f80\u300d\u3001\u300a\u5408\u300b34136\uff1a\u300c\u60df\u4e09\u65cf\u99ac\u4ee4\u3002\u300d\u5728\u8ecd\u4e8b\u3001\u7530\u7375\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u4e0d\u898b\u4e26\u4e0d\u898b\u99ac\u4ee5\u65cf\u70ba\u5efa\u5236\u884c\u52d5\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u53d7\u5546\u738b\u5fb5\u53ec\u5f8c\u6703\u7de8\u5165\u99ac\u968a\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u738b\u76f4\u63a5\u865f\u4ee4\u884c\u52d5\u3002\u6839\u64da\u535c\u8fad\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u9a0e\u5175\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u53c3\u8207\u4f5c\u6230\u4e26\u8ffd\u6355\u6557\u8ecd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8003\u53e4\u8b49\u64da\u8868\u660e\u99ac\u9419\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u767c\u660e\u3001\u6d41\u884c\u8207\u666e\u53ca\u767c\u751f\u65bc\u9b4f\u6649\u5357\u5317\u671d\u81f3\u968b\u4ee3\u9593\uff0c\u5546\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u7684\u99ac\u5177\u88e1\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u99ac\u9419\u9019\u4e00\u9805\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u7576\u6642\u7684\u9a0e\u58eb\u4e58\u99ac\u5fc5\u7136\u9700\u8981\u7528\u96d9\u817f\u593e\u7dca\u99ac\u8eab\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u751a\u81f3\u9700\u8981\u7528\u96d9\u624b\u7dca\u62b1\u99ac\u9838\u624d\u80fd\u907f\u514d\u589c\u99ac\uff0c\u6545\u9a0e\u5175\u6240\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5175\u5668\u5fc5\u7136\u6709\u9650\u3002\u82e5\u5f9e\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u5e38\u898b\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5c04\u300d\u9023\u7528\uff08\u8a3b\u5341\u56db\uff09\u3001\u4eba\u3001\u99ac\u5408\u846c\u5893\u4e2d\u5e38\u51fa\u571f\u7bad\u93c3\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u63a8\u6e2c\u5546\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u7684\u9a0e\u5175\u61c9\u662f\u4ee5\u9a0e\u5c04\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u653b\u64ca\u624b\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u8a3b\u91cb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e8c\uff1a\u6839\u64da\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u73fe\u4ee3\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u5f62\u6210\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u591a\u500b\u99b4\u5316\u8d77\u6e90\u5730\u7684\u91ce\u99ac\u7a2e\u7fa4\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u773e\u8aaa\u7d1b\u7d1c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b50\u4e9e\u8349\u539f\u7aa9\u74e6\u6cb3\u4e0b\u6e38\u4e00\u5e36\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8f03\u9ad8\uff0c\u5e74\u4ee3\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u8ddd\u4eca\u56db\u5343\u4e94\u5230\u56db\u5343\u5169\u767e\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u3002\u4f4d\u65bc\u70cf\u62c9\u5c71\u8108 (Ural Mountains) \u897f\u9e93\u7684\u963f\u5df4\u820d\u6c83\u6587\u5316 (Abashevo culture, 2500-1900 B.C.) \u907a\u5740\u9664\u4e86\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u9aa8\u8cea\u5713\u5f62\u99ac\u9463\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e09\uff1a\u535a\u6cf0\u907a\u5740\u4f4d\u65bc\u54c8\u85a9\u514b\u4e2d\u90e8\uff0c\u6240\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u52d5\u7269\u9aa8\u9abc\u7d04\u4e09\u5341\u842c\u584a\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\u5341\u70ba\u99ac\u9aa8\uff0c\u800c\u9aa8\u4e0a\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u75d5\u986f\u793a\u7576\u6642\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u98df\u7528\u99ac\u8089\uff0c\u518d\u5c07\u99ac\u9aa8\u52a0\u5de5\u70ba\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u535a\u6cf0\u907a\u5740\u51fa\u571f\u7684\u9676\u5668\u4e0a\u4ea6\u6aa2\u9a57\u51fa\u99ac\u5976\u8102\u80aa\u9178\u6b98\u9918\u7269\uff0c\u8868\u660e\u535a\u6cf0\u4eba\u5df2\u958b\u59cb\u98f2\u7528\u99ac\u5976\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5b78\u8005\u900f\u904e\u99ac\u9aa8\u5f62\u614b\u3001\u99ac\u7259\u5fae\u75d5\u5206\u6790\u5c0d\u535a\u6cf0\u99ac\u70ba\u99b4\u5316\u99ac\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u63d0\u51fa\u8cea\u7591\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5728\u8ddd\u4eca\u4e94\u5343\u5e74\u524d\u99ac\u5c1a\u672a\u99b4\u5316\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6307\u51fa\u535a\u6cf0\u99ac\u4e26\u975e\u73fe\u4ee3\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u76f4\u7cfb\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u666e\u6c0f\u91ce\u99ac (<em>Equus przewalskii<\/em>) \u7684\u76f4\u7cfb\u7956\u5148\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u56db\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u4e2d\u6eab\u5e36\u548c\u5bd2\u6eab\u5e36\u4ea4\u932f\u7684\u83ef\u5317\u8207\u5317\u65b9\u5730\u5e36\uff08\u542b\u897f\u5317\u3001\u6771\u5317\uff09\u65bc\u820a\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u4e2d\u3001\u665a\u671f\u907a\u5740\u5ee3\u6cdb\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u91ce\u99ac\u907a\u9ab8\uff0c\u4e14\u6578\u91cf\u751a\u591a\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u53e4\u4eba\u5927\u91cf\u7375\u6355\u91ce\u99ac\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u5982\u5c71\u897f\u5317\u90e8\u5cd9\u5cea\u907a\u5740\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u91ce\u751f\u8499\u53e4\u91ce\u99ac\uff0c\u4f46\u81ea\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u81f3\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u83ef\u5317\u6216\u5317\u65b9\u5730\u5e36\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u99ac\u9aa8\u6578\u91cf\u4e0d\u50c5\u76f8\u7576\u5c11\u4e14\u96f6\u788e\uff0c\u591a\u70ba\u80a2\u9aa8\u6216\u7259\u9f52\uff0c\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u51fa\u571f\u52d5\u7269\u9aa8\u9ab8\u7e3d\u91cf\u76f8\u6bd4\u53ef\u8aaa\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u99ac\u9aa8\u90fd\u7121\u6cd5\u6aa2\u8996\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u99b4\u5316\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u91ce\u751f\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u8f03\u5927\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u99ac\u662f\u7fa4\u5c45\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u53e4\u4eba\u900f\u904e\u7375\u6355\u65b9\u5f0f\u53d6\u5f97\u99ac\uff0c\u907a\u7559\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5982\u6b64\u96f6\u661f\u3002\u53e6\u8003\u91cf\u5230\u4e2d\u570b\u5728\u8ddd\u4eca\u7d04\u516b\u5343\u4e94\u767e\u81f3\u4e09\u5343\u5e74\u9593\u6c23\u5019\u66fe\u6b77\u7d93\u5168\u65b0\u4e16\u6c23\u5019\u6700\u9069\u5b9c\u671f (Holocene climatic optimum)\uff0c\u5546\u4eba\u4e3b\u8981\u6d3b\u52d5\u7bc4\u570d\u7684\u9ec3\u6cb3\u4e2d\u4e0b\u6e38\u5730\u5340\u7576\u6642\u5c6c\u65bc\u6eab\u6696\u6fd5\u6f64\u7684\u4e9e\u71b1\u5e36\u6c23\u5019\uff0c\u68ee\u6797\u3001\u6c34\u6fa4\u5ee3\u5e03\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e26\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u6027\u559c\u4e7e\u71e5\u8349\u539f\u3001\u704c\u53e2\u5340\u7684\u91ce\u99ac\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u63a8\u6e2c\u81ea\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u81f3\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u65e9\u671f\u6771\u4e9e\u5927\u9678\u4e0a\u91ce\u99ac\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u5206\u5e03\u5340\u57df\u5df2\u9010\u6f38\u8f49\u5f80\u66f4\u4f4e\u6eab\u4e7e\u71e5\u7684\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u8349\u539f\u6771\u90e8\u9077\u5f99\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e94\uff1a\u5982\u516c\u5143\u524d2200\/2050\u81f31899\/1700\u5e74\u4f4d\u65bc\u70cf\u62c9\u5c71\u8108\u6771\u5357\u9e93\u7684\u8f9b\u5854\u4ec0\u5854(Sintashta) \u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u6587\u5316\u5893\u846c\u5df2\u898b\u6709\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u6700\u65e9\u4f7f\u7528\u99ac\u62c9\u8eca\u4e4b\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u516d\uff1a\u7d93\u9451\u5b9a\uff0c\u6bb7\u589f\u51fa\u571f\u4e4b\u90e8\u5206\u5bb6\u99ac\u70ba\u8499\u53e4\u99ac\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e03\uff1a\u5c07\u99b4\u5316\u52d5\u7269\u4f5c\u70ba\u8089\u98df\u4f86\u6e90\u662f\u99b4\u5316\u8f03\u65e9\u968e\u6bb5\u4e4b\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u516b\uff1aD\u55ae\u500d\u7fa4\u65bc\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u9678\u897f\u90e8\u5206\u5e03\u983b\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u7531\u897f\u5411\u6771\u905e\u6e1b\uff1bF\u55ae\u500d\u7fa4\u65bc\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u9678\u6771\u90e8\u5206\u5e03\u983b\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\uff0c\u7531\u6771\u5411\u897f\u905e\u6e1b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e5d\uff1a\u4e00\u8aaa\u5bb6\u99ac\u548c\u99b4\u99ac\u6280\u8853\u7684\u6771\u50b3\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u5206\u5e03\u65bc\u6771\u6b50\u5927\u8349\u539f\uff0c\u5e74\u4ee3\u7d04\u8ddd\u4eca5300\u81f34600\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u984f\u90a3\u4e9e\u6587\u5316 (Yamnaya culture, 3300-2600 BC) \u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u5411\u6771\u9077\u5f99\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u6700\u521d\u7684\u99b4\u5316\u99ac\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u7576\u6642\u4eba\u7fa4\u4e58\u99ac\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u6230\u8eca\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u5728\u516c\u5143\u524d2200\u81f32000\u5e74\u9593\u5feb\u901f\u65bc\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u9678\u4e0a\u6a6b\u5411\u50b3\u64ad\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u5341\uff1a\u5728\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4e2d\u9376\u6709<sup>88<\/sup>Sr\u3001<sup>87<\/sup>Sr\u3001<sup>86<\/sup>Sr \u548c<sup>84<\/sup>Sr\u56db\u7a2e\u5929\u7136\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u7926\u7269\u548c\u5ca9\u77f3\u4e2d\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7926\u7269\u3001\u5ca9\u77f3\u56e0\u6210\u7926\u3001\u6210\u5ca9\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e0d\u540c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6bcd\u5ca9\u7684\u92a3\u3001\u9376\u542b\u91cf\u6bd4\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5176\u9376\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7d44\u6210\u4fbf\u4e0d\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7576\u4e0d\u540c\u9376\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u7926\u7269\u3001\u5ca9\u77f3\u5728\u98a8\u5316\u5f8c\u5f62\u6210\u571f\u58e4\uff0c\u9376\u4e5f\u96a8\u4e4b\u9032\u5165\u571f\u58e4\u548c\u5730\u8868\u6c89\u7a4d\u7269\u4e2d\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u6ef2\u5165\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u690d\u7269\u751f\u9577\u6703\u5f9e\u571f\u58e4\u548c\u5730\u4e0b\u6c34\u4e2d\u5438\u6536\u9376\uff0c\u800c\u8349\u98df\u52d5\u7269\u53c8\u518d\u7d93\u7531\u98df\u7528\u690d\u7269\u5c07\u9376\u5438\u6536\u5165\u9ad4\u5167\uff0c\u6545\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5730\u5340\u7684\u8349\u98df\u52d5\u7269\u6703\u56e0\u5176\u5468\u906d\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u6027\u81f4\u4f7f\u5176\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u9376\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6bd4\u503c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\uff1b\u53cd\u4e4b\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u9376\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7d44\u6210\u5730\u8cea\u80cc\u666f\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u6210\u9577\u7684\u8349\u98df\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u5176\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u9376\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u7d44\u6210\u5c31\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u53e6\u7531\u65bc<sup>87<\/sup>Sr\u662f\u7531<sup>87<\/sup>Rb\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u8870\u8b8a\u5f62\u6210\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5<sup>87<\/sup>Sr\u8207\u7926\u7269\u7684\u542b\u92a3\u6578\u91cf\u3001\u5730\u8cea\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\u9593\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u6545\u5b78\u754c\u4e00\u822c\u4ee5<sup>87<\/sup>Sr\uff0f<sup>86<\/sup>Sr\u6bd4\u503c\u4f5c\u7232\u67d0\u4e00\u5730\u5340\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u6307\u6a19\u3002\u5c0d\u8003\u53e4\u51fa\u571f\u52d5\u7269\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5340\u57df\u6027\u6307\u6a19\u4e00\u822c\u5728\u8f03\u5bb9\u6613\u7559\u5b58\u7684\u7259\u9f52\u548c\u9aa8\u9abc\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\uff0c\u800c\u7259\u9f52\u53c8\u7531\u65bc\u5c11\u53d7\u6c59\u67d3\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4fdd\u5b58\u5176\u751f\u5b58\u5730\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6bd4\u503c\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u8f03\u4f73\uff0c\u6210\u7232\u52d5\u7269\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u4e2d\u9376\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6bd4\u503c\u6e2c\u5b9a\u5206\u6790\u7684\u9996\u9078\u6a19\u672c\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u9078\u7528\u8c6c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5bb6\u99ac\u4f86\u6e90\u5730\u5206\u6790\u6a23\u672c\u6bd4\u8f03\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u8c6c\u5728\u5546\u4ee3\u665a\u671f\u7684\u6bb7\u589f\u5df2\u660e\u986f\u662f\u5bb6\u990a\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u79fb\u52d5\u6027\u53c8\u8f03\u5dee\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8c6c\u7684\u9376\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6bd4\u503c\u5177\u6709\u8f03\u5c0f\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u504f\u5dee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u5341\u4e00\uff1a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u300c\u620d\u300d\u5b57\u4ece\u300c\u4eba\u300d\u4ece\u300c\u6208\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u8c61\u4eba\u80cc\u8ca0\u8457\u6208\u4fdd\u885b\u908a\u7586\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u5341\u4e8c\uff1a\u5982\u300a\u5de6\u50b3\uff0e\u662d\u516c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u5e74\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u5de6\u5e2b\u5c55\u5c07\u4ee5\u516c\u4e58\u99ac\u800c\u6b78\u300d\uff0c\u300a\u6b63\u7fa9\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u53e4\u8005\u670d\u725b\u4e58\u99ac\uff0c\u99ac\u4ee5\u99d5\u8eca\uff0c\u4e0d\u55ae\u9a0e\u4e5f\u3002\u81f3\u516d\u570b\u4e4b\u6642\uff0c\u59cb\u6709\u55ae\u9a0e\u3002\u8607\u79e6\u6240\u4e91\u300e\u8eca\u5343\u4e58\uff0c\u9a0e\u842c\u5339\u300f\u3002\u662f\u4e5f\u3002\u300d\u300a\u79ae\u8a18\uff0e\u66f2\u79ae\u300b\uff1a\u300c\u524d\u6709\u8eca\u9a0e\uff0c\u5247\u8f09\u98db\u9d3b\u300d\uff0c\u300a\u6b63\u7fa9\u300b\u4e91\uff1a\u300c\u7136\u53e4\u4eba\u4e0d\u9a0e\u99ac\uff0c\u6545\u4f46\u7d93\u8a18\u6b63\u5178\uff0c\u7121\u8a00\u9a0e\u8005\u3002\u4eca\u8a00\u9a0e\u8005\uff0c\u7576\u662f\u5468\u672b\u6642\u79ae\u3002\u300d\u6230\u570b\u4e2d\u5f8c\u671f\u8d99\u6b66\u9748\u738b\uff08\u516c\u5143\u524d356-295\u5e74\uff09\u300c\u80e1\u670d\u9a0e\u5c04\u300d\u5e38\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u9a0e\u99ac\u4f5c\u6230\u4e4b\u59cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u5341\u4e09\uff1a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u300c\u5947\u300d\u5b57\u65bc\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u4e26\u6c92\u4ee5\u8868\u5947\u6578\u4e4b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8868\u5947\u6578\u7fa9\u7684\u662f\u8207\u300c\u5c6f\u300d\uff08\u8868\u4e00\u5c0d\uff09\u76f8\u5c0d\u7684\u300c\u4e85\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u5341\u56db\uff1a\u5982\u300a\u5408\u300b32995\uff1a\u300c\u58ec\u7533\u535c\uff0c\u4ee4\u99ac\u5373\u5c04\u300d\u3001\u300a\u5408\u300b27942\uff1a\u300c\u60df\u591a\u99ac\u4e4e\u5c04\uff0c\u64d2\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Cai Dawei <em>et al.<br \/>\n<\/em>2009\u00a0 Ancient DNA provides new insights into the origin of the Chinese domestic horse, <em>Journal of Archaeological Science<\/em>, Vol. 36, pp. 835-842.<\/li>\n<li>Gaunitz, Charleen <em>et al.<br \/>\n<\/em>2018\u00a0 Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski\u2019s horses, <em>Science<\/em>, Vol. 360, pp. 111-114.<\/li>\n<li>Jansen, Thomas <em>et al.<br \/>\n<\/em>2002\u00a0 Mitochondrial DNA and the origins of the domestic horse, <em>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America<\/em>, Vol. 99, pp. 10905-10910.<\/li>\n<li>Librado, Pablo <em>et al.<br \/>\n<\/em>2021\u00a0 The origins and spread of domestic horses from the Western Eurasian steppes, <em>Nature<\/em>, Vol. 598, pp. 634-640.<br \/>\n2024\u00a0 Widespread horse-based mobility arose around 2200 BCE in Eurasia, <em>Nature<\/em>, Vol. 631, pp. 819-825.<\/li>\n<li>Linduff, Katheryn<br \/>\n2003\u00a0 A Walk on the Wild Side: Late Shang Appropriation of Horses in China, in Marsha Levine, Colin Renfrew, and Katie Boyle (eds), <em>Prehistoric steppe adaptation and the horse<\/em>, pp. 139-162. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research.<\/li>\n<li>Lu Chao <em>et al.<br \/>\n<\/em>2024\u00a0 Temporal and spatial patterns of domestic horse utilisation in northern China during the pre-Qin period, <em>Journal of Archaeological Science<\/em>, Vol. 170, pp. 1-8.<br \/>\n2025\u00a0 The spread of the domestic horse in northern China during the pre-Qin period and its influencing factors,<em> Archaeological Research in Asia<\/em>, Vol. 41, pp. 1-9.<\/li>\n<li>Ludwig, Arne <em>et al.<br \/>\n<\/em>2009\u00a0 Coat Color Variation at the Beginning of Horse Domestication, <em>Science<\/em>, Vol. 324, p. 485.<\/li>\n<li>Ning Tiao <em>et al.<br \/>\n<\/em>2019\u00a0 Local origin or external input: modern horse origin in East Asia, <em>Evolutionary Biology<\/em>, Vol. 19, No. 217, pp. 1-14.<\/li>\n<li>Vila\u0300, Carles <em>et al.<br \/>\n<\/em>2001\u00a0 Widespread origins of domestic horse lineages, <em>Science<\/em>, Vol. 291, pp. 474-477.<\/li>\n<li>Yang Yunzhou<br \/>\n2017\u00a0 The origin of Chinese domestic horses revealed with novel mtDNA variants, <em>Animal Science Journal<\/em>, Vol. 88, pp. 19-26.<\/li>\n<li>Yuan Jing and Rowan Flad<br \/>\n2006\u00a0 Research on Early Horse Domestication in China, in Marjan Mashkour (ed), <em>Equids in Time and Space: papers in honour of V\u00e9ra Eisenmann<\/em>, pp. 124-131. Oxford: Oxbow.<\/li>\n<li>\u4e8e\u7701\u543e<br \/>\n1955\u3008\u6bb7\u4ee3\u7684\u4ea4\u901a\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u99b9\u50b3\u5236\u5ea6\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6771\u5317\u4eba\u6c11\u5927\u5b78\u4eba\u6587\u79d1\u5b78\u5b78\u5831\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f\uff0c\u980178-114\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e95\u4e2d\u5049\u3001\u738b\u7acb\u65b0<br \/>\n2020\u300a\u590f\u5546\u5468\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u300b\uff08\u7b2c\u4e8c\u7248\uff09\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u738b\u5b87\u4fe1<br \/>\n2021\u3008\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e94\u7ae0 \u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u3001\u300c\u5c04\u300d\u7684\u518d\u8003\u5bdf\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u738b\u5b87\u4fe1\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u7532\u9aa8\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u9801699-719\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u66f8\u5e97\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u738b\u5b87\u4fe1\u3001\u5177\u9686\u6703<br \/>\n2019\u3008\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u56db\u7ae0 \u5546\u4ee3\u7684\u99ac\u548c\u990a\u99ac\u696d\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u738b\u5b87\u4fe1\u3001\u5177\u9686\u6703\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u7532\u9aa8\u5b78\u767c\u5c55120\u5e74\u300b\uff0c\u9801612-625\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u738b\u5fd7\u4fca\u3001\u5b8b\u6f8e<br \/>\n2001\u3008\u4e2d\u570b\u5317\u65b9\u5bb6\u99ac\u8d77\u6e90\u554f\u984c\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u8207\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f\uff0c\u980126-30\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u738b\u683c\u683c\u3001\u8463\u6770<br \/>\n2020\u3008\u65e9\u671f\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u99ac\u3001\u5bb6\u99ac\u8207\u99ac\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u524d\u6cbf\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u671f\uff0c\u9801118-124\u3002<br \/>\n2021\u3008\u5546\u5468\u99ac\u5b78\u8003\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u8fb2\u696d\u8003\u53e4\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u9801180-186\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u738b\u9435\u82f1<br \/>\n2001\u3008\u99ac\u9419\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6b50\u4e9e\u5b78\u520a\u300b\uff0c\u980176-100\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5c24\u6085<br \/>\n2024\u3008\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3001\u6771\u50b3\u548c\u65e9\u671f\u5229\u7528\u7814\u7a76\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5831\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u9801121-142\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u8003\u53e4\u7814\u7a76\u6240 \u7de8\u8457<br \/>\n1994\u300a\u6bb7\u589f\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u8207\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u77f3\u748b\u5982<br \/>\n1964\u3008\u6bb7\u4ee3\u7684\u5f13\u8207\u99ac\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6b77\u53f2\u8a9e\u8a00\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u96c6\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u4e94\u672c\uff0c\u9801321-342\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u675c\u91d1\u9d6c<br \/>\n2019\u300a\u6bb7\u589f\u5a66\u597d\u5893\u51fa\u571f\u7389\u5668\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u674e\u4e91\u6cb3<br \/>\n2021\u3008\u518d\u8ad6\u99ac\u9419\u8d77\u6e90\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u980190-99\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u674e\u5065\u52dd<br \/>\n2024\u3008\u5bb6\u99ac\u5728\u6bb7\u5730\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u8207\u665a\u5546\u6230\u722d\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u6230\u7dda\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u671f\uff0c\u9801113-121\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u674e\u66a2\u3001\u8521\u5927\u5049<br \/>\n2023\u3008\u5bb6\u99ac\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u99b4\u5316\u7684\u53e4DNA\u7814\u7a76\u9032\u5c55\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u4eba\u6587\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u91cd\u9ede\u7814\u7a76\u57fa\u5730\u3001\u5409\u6797\u5927\u5b78\u908a\u7586\u8003\u53e4\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3001\u908a\u7586\u8003\u53e4\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5316\u8a8d\u540c\u5354\u540c\u5275\u65b0\u4e2d\u5fc3\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u908a\u7586\u8003\u53e4\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u5341\u56db\u8f2f\uff0c\u9801318-333\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f55\u9315\u5b87<br \/>\n2008\u3008\u6dfa\u8ad6\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u5317\u4eac\u5927\u5b78\u8003\u53e4\u6587\u535a\u5b78\u9662\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff08\u4e03\uff09\u300b\uff0c\u9801541-549\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5b8b\u93ae\u8c6a<br \/>\n2018\u300a\u590f\u5546\u98a8\u4fd7\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u6587\u85dd\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6b66\u4e9e\u5e25<br \/>\n2021\u3008\u8a66\u8aaa\u53e4\u6587\u5b57\u201d\u5169\u201d\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u6587\u5b57\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u980134-41\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8881\u9756<br \/>\n2003\u3008\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u965d\u897f\u7701\u6587\u7269\u5c40\u3001\u965d\u897f\u7701\u8003\u53e4\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u3001\u897f\u5b89\u534a\u5761\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u53f2\u524d\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff1a\u795d\u8cc0\u77f3\u8208\u90a6\u5148\u751f\u8003\u53e4\u534a\u4e16\u7d00\u66a8\u516b\u79e9\u83ef\u8a95\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u9801451-458\uff0c\u897f\u5b89\uff1a\u4e09\u79e6\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9676\u514b\u6fe4\u7b49<br \/>\n2020\u3008\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u99b4\u5316\u8d77\u6e90\u8207\u907a\u50b3\u6f14\u5316\u7279\u5fb5\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u671f\uff0c\u9801734-748\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9023\u7d39\u540d<br \/>\n1998\u3008\u5546\u4ee3\u7684\u99ac\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4eba\u6587\u96dc\u8a8c\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u671f\uff0c\u980192-94\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f35\u5b87\u885b<br \/>\n2022\u3008\u7532\u9aa8\u535c\u8fad\u300c\u620e\u300d\u5b57\u4e4b\u53e5\u578b\u5206\u6790\u53ca\u5176\u7fa9\u9805\u6f14\u8b8a\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6f22\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u5341\u5377\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\uff0c\u9801167-208\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f35\u65b0\u4fca<br \/>\n2005\u3008\u91cb\u6bb7\u589f\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u9a2e\u300d\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u7c4d\u6574\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u5b78\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\uff0c\u98013-5\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9673\u7152\u6e5b<br \/>\n2018\u300a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7530\u7375\u523b\u8fad\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5ee3\u5dde\uff1a\u4e2d\u5c71\u5927\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u90ed\u975c\u4e91<br \/>\n2012\u3008\u53e4\u4ee3\u4e9e\u6d32\u7684\u99b4\u99ac\u3001\u4e58\u99ac\u8207\u6e38\u6230\u65cf\u7fa4\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u671f\uff0c\u9801184-204\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u83ca\u5730\u5927\u6a39<br \/>\n2019\u3008\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u5bb6\u99ac\u518d\u8003\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u9801136-150\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u55ae\u80b2\u8fb0<br \/>\n2020\u3008\u8aaa\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u55ae\u80b2\u8fb0\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u6240\u898b\u52d5\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u9801106-115\u3002\u300a\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u6240\u898b\u52d5\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u53e4\u7c4d\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9ec3\u9298\u5d07<br \/>\n2015\u3008\u5f9e\u5546\u4ee3\u7684\u300cC\u5f62\u99ac\u929c\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5c16\u9310\u7b56\u98fe\u300d\u770b\u5546\u4ee3\u7684\u300c\u9a0e\u5175\u300d\u554f\u984c\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u674e\u6c38\u8fea\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u7d00\u5ff5\u6bb7\u589f\u767c\u6398\u516b\u5341\u9031\u5e74\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u8a0e\u6703\u8ad6\u6587\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u9801141-187\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5085\u7f85\u6587\u3001\u8881\u9756\u3001\u674e\u6c34\u57ce<br \/>\n2009\u3008\u8ad6\u4e2d\u570b\u7518\u9752\u5730\u5340\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u5bb6\u990a\u52d5\u7269\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u53ca\u7279\u5fb5\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u8003\u53e4\u300b\u7b2c\u4e94\u671f\uff0c\u980180-86\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6eab\u5c11\u5cf0\u3001\u8881\u5ead\u68df<br \/>\n1983\u300a\u6bb7\u589f\u535c\u8fad\u7814\u7a76 - \u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\u7bc7\u300b\uff0c\u6210\u90fd\uff1a\u56db\u5ddd\u7701\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8def\u8fb0<br \/>\n2022\u3008\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u99ac\u8d77\u6e90\u82bb\u8b70\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u5316\u5275\u65b0\u6bd4\u8f03\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5341\u4e8c\u671f\uff0c\u980171-76\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u694a\u6cd3<br \/>\n1977\u3008\u9a0e\u5175\u8207\u7532\u9a0e\u5177\u88dd\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u671f\uff0c\u980127-32\u3002<br \/>\n2007\u3008\u9a0e\u5175\u8207\u7532\u9a0e\u5177\u88dd\u4e8c\u8ad6\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u694a\u6cd3\u8457\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u5175\u8207\u7f8e\u8853\u8003\u53e4\u8ad6\u96c6\u300b\uff0c\u9801149-161\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u6587\u7269\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8d99\u6625\u71d5\u3001\u674e\u5fd7\u9d6c\u3001\u8881\u9756<br \/>\n2015\u3008\u6cb3\u5357\u7701\u5b89\u967d\u5e02\u6bb7\u589f\u907a\u5740\u51fa\u571f\u99ac\u8207\u8c6c\u7259\u91c9\u8cea\u7684\u9376\u540c\u4f4d\u7d20\u6bd4\u503c\u5206\u6790\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u4e09\u671f\uff0c\u980177-80\uff0c112\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8d99\u8d8a\u96f2\u3001\u6a0a\u5fd7\u6c11<br \/>\n2017\u3008\u4e2d\u570b\u5317\u65b9\u5730\u5340\u7684\u5bb6\u99ac\u5f15\u5165\u8207\u672c\u571f\u5316\u6b77\u7a0b\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6b77\u53f2\u7814\u7a76\u300b\u7b2c\u516d\u671f\uff0c\u98014-23\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8d99\u8d85<br \/>\n2013\u300a\u9435\u8e44\u99b3\u9a01\uff0d\u8003\u53e4\u6587\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u99ac\u300b\uff0c\u4e0a\u6d77\uff1a\u4e0a\u6d77\u5716\u756b\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5289\u4e00\u66fc\u3001\u66f9\u5b9a\u4e91<br \/>\n2004\u3008\u6bb7\u589f\u82b1\u6771H3\u535c\u8fad\u4e2d\u7684\u99ac\uff0d\u517c\u8ad6\u5546\u4ee3\u99ac\u5339\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6bb7\u90fd\u5b78\u520a\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u98016-13\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5289\u7fbd\u967d<br \/>\n2014\u3008\u4e2d\u570b\u53e4\u4ee3\u5bb6\u99ac\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u56de\u9867\u8207\u5c55\u671b\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u5357\u65b9\u6587\u7269\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u980174-77\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8521\u5927\u5049<br \/>\n2021\u300a\u53e4DNA\u8207\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u99ac\u8d77\u6e90\u7814\u7a76\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8521\u54f2\u8302<br \/>\n2015\u3008\u8aaa\u6bb7\u535c\u8fad\u7684\u300c\u591a\u99ac\u300d\u8207\u300c\u591a\u5c04\u300d\u3009\uff0c\u8f2f\u65bc\u674e\u5b97\u711c\u4e3b\u7de8\uff0c\u300a\u53e4\u6587\u5b57\u8207\u53e4\u4ee3\u53f2\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u8f2f\uff0c\u9801229-260\uff0c\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u53f2\u8a9e\u6240\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9ece\u5a49\u6b23<br \/>\n2023\u3008\u9a0e\u99ac\u8853\u5728\u6b50\u4e9e\u8349\u539f\u7684\u6d41\u884c\u8207\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u300b\u7b2c\u5341\u4e8c\u671f\uff0c\u9801175-198\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u937e\u5c11\u7570<br \/>\n2022\u3008\u51b7\u5175\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u4e4b\u99ac\u9419\u8207\u524d\u99ac\u9419\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9a0e\u5175\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u6625\u79cb\u300b\u7b2c\u56db\u671f\uff0c\u980154-58\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u8b1d\u6210\u4fe0<br \/>\n1959\u300a\u4e2d\u570b\u990a\u99ac\u53f2\u300b\uff0c\u5317\u4eac\uff1a\u79d1\u5b78\u51fa\u7248\u793e\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u9435\u5143\u795e<br \/>\n2015\u3008\u4e2d\u570b\u5317\u65b9\u5bb6\u99ac\u8d77\u6e90\u554f\u984c\u521d\u63a2\uff0d\u4ee5\u7518\u9752\u5730\u5340\u70ba\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3009\uff0c\u300a\u8fb2\u696d\u8003\u53e4\u300b\u7b2c\u4e00\u671f\uff0c\u9801241-248\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u2728\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=45629\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u4e0a\u53e4\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u8eca\u99ac\u3001\u300c\u8eca\u300d\u5b57\u8207\u8eca\u6230\u7684\u8208\u8870\uff08\u4e0a\uff09<\/a>\u300b\u3001\u300a<a href=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=45666\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u4e0a\u53e4\u4e2d\u570b\u7684\u8eca\u99ac\u3001\u300c\u8eca\u300d\u5b57\u8207\u8eca\u6230\u7684\u8208\u8870\uff08\u4e2d\uff09<\/a>\u300b<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u6bb7\u589f\u662f\u4e2d\u570b\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u5bb6\u99ac\u5b58\u5728\u5e74\u4ee3\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u907a\u5740\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u554f\u984c\u4fbf\u662f\u6bb7\u589f\u51fa\u571f\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5b78\u754c\u4e3b\u6d41\u610f\u898b\u8a8d\u70ba\u5546\u4ee3\u5148\u6c11\u7368\u7acb\u99b4\u5316\u91ce\u99ac\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6975\u4f4e\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u99ac\u7684\u8d77\u6e90\u65e2\u6709\u5916\u4f86\u50b3\u5165\u4e5f\u6709\u672c\u5730\u99b4\u5316\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u8d77\u6e90\u6b77\u7a0b\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u6b50\u4e9e\u8349\u539f\u7684\u5bb6\u99ac\u548c\u99b4\u99ac\u6280\u8853\u81ea\u897f\u5411\u6771\u50b3\u5165\u6771\u4e9e\uff0c\u6771\u4e9e\u5148\u6c11\u7e7c\u800c\u638c\u63e1\u99b4\u99ac\u6280\u8853\u5f8c\u99b4\u5316\u672c\u5730\u91ce\u99ac\u3002\u7532\u9aa8\u6587\u7684\u300c\u99ac\u300d\u4e5f\u6307\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a5f\u52d5\u6027\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u5e38\u5099\u8ecd\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ee5\u9a0e\u5c04\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u653b\u64ca\u624b\u6bb5\u7684\u9a0e\u5175\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":45663,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17,3293,6694,6693,6344],"tags":[7429,6394,7431,1270,7430],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/\u571613-scaled.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45660"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=45660"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45660\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":45711,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/45660\/revisions\/45711"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/45663"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=45660"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=45660"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=45660"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}