{"id":4530,"date":"2010-10-06T05:01:37","date_gmt":"2010-10-05T21:01:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=4530"},"modified":"2017-03-31T23:21:16","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T15:21:16","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%9d%90%e6%96%99%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e3%80%91%e7%a5%9e%e5%a5%87%e7%9a%84%e6%8b%93%e6%a8%b8%e7%b5%95%e7%b7%a3%e9%ab%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=4530","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u9810\u6e2c\u3011\u795e\u5947\u7684\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u7f8e\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u795e\u5947\u65b0\u7269\u8cea<\/strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6ce8\u76ee<\/strong>\uff0c\u5b83<\/strong>\u986f\u73fe\u7684\u5947\u7570\u91cf\u5b50\u73fe\u8c61<\/strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u8207\u66fe\u5169\u6b21\u53d7\u5230\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u9752\u775e\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u5f88\u985e\u4f3c<\/strong>\uff0c<\/strong>\u76ee\u524d\u9019\u7a2e\u6750\u6599\u662f\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u71b1\u9580\u7814\u7a76\u984c\u6750<\/strong>\u3002\u5927\u5bb6\u9084\u4e0d\u592a\u77ad\u89e3\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u4ec0\u9ebc\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u62d3\u6a38\u90fd\u662f\u660e\u65e5\u4e4b\u661f\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"Topological<\/a>
\u62d3\u6a38\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u793a\u610f\u5716\u3002\uff08\u63d2\u756b\uff1aAlan Stonebraker\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

2010\u5e743\u6708\uff0c\u5168\u7403\u5e7e\u5343\u4f4d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u805a\u96c6\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u5967\u745e\u5ca1\u5dde\u7684\u6ce2\u7279\u862d\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u4e00\u5e74\u4e00\u5ea6\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5e74\u6703\uff0c\u5f15\u9838\u671f\u76fc\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u5927\u65b0\u805e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u5c31\u50cf\u6ce2\u7279\u862d\u7576\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u6bcf\u665a\u5728\u773e\u591a\u97f3\u6a02\u9152\u5427\u548c\u821e\u5ef3\u88e1\u5c0b\u627e\u5929\u624d\u4e00\u822c\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8ffd\u5c0b\u4e4b\u8def\u56f0\u96e3\u591a\u4e86\u3002\u97f3\u6a02\u6d41\u884c\u6642\u6642\u5728\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6703\u4e2d\u5099\u53d7\u77da\u76ee\u7684\u65b0\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u5149\u5b78\u3001\u96fb\u5b50\u5b78\u6216\u51dd\u614b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u8aaa\u5230\u5e95\u90fd\u5960\u57fa\u65bc\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e09\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c31\u5efa\u7acb\u5b8c\u5099\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u5149\u548c\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u8981\u8aaa\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u77f3\u7834\u5929\u9a5a\u7684\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u662f\u5c11\u4e4b\u53c8\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n

2010\u5e74\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6703\u537b\u96e3\u5f97\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u300c\u660e\u65e5\u4e4b\u661f\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662f\u7a31\u505a\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\uff08topological insulators\uff09\u7684\u5947\u7570\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u6700\u795e\u5947\u7684\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u53ea\u6709\u8868\u9762\u6703\u5c0e\u96fb\uff0c\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5247\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u5fae\u5999\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u63a8\u5c0e\uff0c\u96e3\u4ee5\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9023\u7f8e\u570b\u7d10\u6fa4\u897f\u5dde\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6559\u6388\u54c8\u73ca\uff08Zahid Hasan\uff09\u90fd\u60f3\u7528\u6bd4\u8f03\u300c\u7c21\u55ae\u300d\u7684\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u300c\u8d85\u5f26\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\uff08\u4ed6\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f37\u8abf\uff0c\u300c\u9019\u500b\u73a9\u610f\u9177\u6583\u4e86\u300d\uff09\u3002\u7e3d\u4e4b\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\uff0c\u5f9e\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u79d1\u6280\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5148\u9032\u5be6\u9a57\u90fd\u6709\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96e3\u602a\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u8208\u596e\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u8981\u65b7\u8a00\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u5c07\u5f15\u9818\u98a8\u9a37\u9084\u8a00\u4e4b\u904e\u65e9\uff0c\u4f46\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6b63\u5fd9\u8457\u5728\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u88e1\u9a57\u8b49\u7a2e\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8feb\u4e0d\u53ca\u5f85\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u662f\u5426\u771f\u662f\u4e0d\u8ca0\u76db\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5f88\u55ae\u7d14\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6709\u4e00\u584a\u6771\u897f\u53ea\u6703\u8b93\u96fb\u5b50\u5f9e\u8868\u9762\u6d41\u904e\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u901a\u904e\u5167\u90e8\uff0c\u4f46\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53ef\u4e00\u9ede\u90fd\u4e0d\u7c21\u55ae\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u91d1\u5c6c\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u6703\u5c0e\u96fb\uff0c\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u5247\u662f\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5c0e\u96fb\u3002\u8868\u9762\u934d\u9285\u7684\u6728\u584a\u53ea\u6709\u8868\u9762\u5c0e\u96fb\uff0c\u4f46\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u3002\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u592a\u8a6d\u7570\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Joel
Joel Moore:\u5efa\u7acb\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u4e09\u7dad\u6a21\u578b<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u91cf\u5b50\u4e4b\u821e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e8b\u60c5\u767c\u751f\u5728\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u56db\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u8cbb\u57ce\u8cd3\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u574e\u6069\uff08Charles Kane\uff09\u7814\u7a76\u55ae\u5c64\u78b3\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u77f3\u58a8\u8584\u819c\u6642\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u901a\u904e\u9019\u7a2e\u53ea\u6709\u55ae\u9846\u539f\u5b50\u539a\u8584\u819c\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5f88\u985e\u4f3c\u4e00\u4e5d\u516b\u3007\u5e74\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9\uff08quantum Hall effect\uff09\u3002\u90a3\u662f\u8aaa\u7576\u96fb\u5b50\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u8584\u819c\u4e2d\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u5916\u52a0\u5f37\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u51b7\u537b\u5230\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u96f6\u5ea6\u6642\u5c31\u6703\u767c\u751f\u9019\u7a2e\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u9019\u6642\u4e00\u822c\u6240\u898b\u96fb\u5b50\u6df7\u4e82\u7684\u904b\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\u5c31\u6703\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u6240\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u6709\u79e9\u5e8f\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\u6240\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u968e\u68af\u72c0\u4e0d\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u5c0e\u96fb\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\u574e\u6069\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u8a08\u7b97\u77f3\u58a8\u8584\u819c\u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u5168\u7136\u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u5206\u6790\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u8584\u819c\u7269\u8cea\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u5916\u52a0\u5f37\u78c1\u5834\u6216\u6975\u5ea6\u4f4e\u6eab\u5c31\u80fd\u4f7f\u5f97\u96fb\u5b50\u6709\u898f\u5f8b\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\u3002\u9019\u985e\u7269\u8cea\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u5ba4\u6eab\u5c31\u80fd\u9760\u81ea\u8eab\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7522\u751f\u78c1\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u5354\u8abf\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u904b\u52d5\u6700\u7d42\u5e38\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u539f\u5730\u6253\u8f49\u3002\u4f46\u5947\u602a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728\u8584\u819c\u908a\u7de3\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u537b\u6703\u5f80\u524d\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u662f\u8584\u819c\u53ea\u6709\u908a\u7de3\u6703\u5c0e\u96fb\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5448\u73fe\u4e0d\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u968e\u68af\u72c0\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u6b63\u50cf\u91cf\u5b50\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u574e\u6069\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7acb\u523b\u5f15\u8d77\u6ce8\u610f\u3002\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u5206\u6821\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6469\u723e\uff08Joel Moore\uff09\u5728\u574e\u6069\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u4e0a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\u4e09\u7dad\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4e09\u7dad\u7269\u8cea\u4e5f\u6703\u986f\u793a\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u96fb\u5b50\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u79fb\u52d5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u6bd4\u8d77\u574e\u6069\u7684\u4e8c\u7dad\u8584\u819c\u66f4\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u3002\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u6b63\u662f\u6469\u723e\u8d77\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u3002\u539f\u672c\u574e\u6069\u4f9d\u64da\u9019\u7a2e\u96fb\u5b50\u6703\u6cbf\u908a\u7de3\u524d\u9032\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7279\u6027\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u65b0\u578bZ2\u62d3\u6a38\u4e0d\u8b8a\u91cf\u300d\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u6469\u723e\u89ba\u5f97\u300c\u6253\u90a3\u9ebc\u9577\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u592a\u7d2f\u4e86\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u53eb\u5b83\u300e\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300f\u3002\u300d\u6469\u723e\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u500b\u540d\u5b57\u7b97\u4e0d\u7b97\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u81f3\u5c11\u5b83\u5920\u77ed\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u53f2\u4e39\u4f5b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5f35\u5b88\u665f\u6559\u6388\u5247\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u90a3\u4e9b\u5be6\u969b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6703\u662f\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u3002\u5f35\u5b88\u665f\u767c\u73fe\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u548c\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u9023\u7d50\u90fd\u592a\u5fae\u5f31\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u7522\u751f\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u8d8a\u91cd\u7684\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u548c\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u5247\u8d8a\u5f37\u3002\u4e8c\u3007\u3007\u516d\u5e74\u5f35\u5b88\u665f\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u5305\u542b\u6c5e\u548c\u78b2\u91cd\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u6709\u5e0c\u671b\u3002\u4e0d\u5230\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u70cf\u8332\u5821\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u83ab\u502b\u574e\u666e\uff08Laurens Molenkamp\uff09\u5c31\u5408\u6210\u51fa\u78b2\u5316\u6c5e\u8584\u819c\uff0c\u4e5f\u78ba\u5b9a\u96fb\u5b50\u6cbf\u8457\u8584\u819c\u908a\u7de3\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u5c0e\u96fb\u5ea6\u6709\u91cf\u5b50\u968e\u68af\u72c0\u8b8a\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n

\"Mug_and_Torus_morph\"
\u62d3\u6a38\u4e00\u4e0b\uff1a\u5f9e\u5496\u5561\u676f\u5230\u751c\u751c\u5708\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u83ab\u502b\u574e\u666e\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u660e\u7406\u8ad6\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u662f\u6709\u4f9d\u64da\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u672c\u8eab\u537b\u4e0d\u592a\u6709\u4eba\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u3002\u78b2\u5316\u6c5e\u6676\u9ad4\u5f88\u96e3\u9577\u6210\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u4ee5\u9ebb\u7169\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u675f\u78ca\u6676\u6cd5\u4e00\u6b21\u9577\u4e00\u5c64\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u9019\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u4e5f\u4e0d\u662f\u7d14\u7684\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5167\u90e8\u4e5f\u6703\u50b3\u5c0e\u4e00\u4e9b\u96fb\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\u6700\u8fd1\u767c\u73fe\u924d\u7684\u65b0\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u88fd\u7a0b\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u6210\u672c\u4f4e\u5ec9\uff0c\u5728\u5b78\u754c\u53c8\u91cd\u65b0\u71c3\u8d77\u4e00\u80a1\u71b1\u6f6e\u3002\u54c8\u73ca\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u6703\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e3b\u984c\u6b63\u662f\u924d\u5316\u5408\u7269\u3002\u300c\u8ab0\u90fd\u9577\u5f97\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u8cb7\u5230\u5df2\u7d93\u9577\u597d\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u4e0d\u7528\u7d14\u5ea6\u7279\u5225\u9ad8\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u5c31\u80fd\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u6548\u61c9\u9084\u4e0d\u55ae\u662f\u6307\u96fb\u5b50\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u90fd\u5728\u4ee5\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u65b9\u5f0f\u81ea\u65cb\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u6703\u4e0d\u65b7\u53d7\u5230\u96a8\u6a5f\u78b0\u649e\u548c\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u5e72\u64fe\u3002\u4f46\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u8868\u9762\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5247\u53d7\u91cf\u5b50\u6548\u61c9\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u81ea\u65cb\u4e0d\u53d7\u5e72\u64fe\u3002\u9019\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u96fb\u5b50\u7d44\u4ef6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u96fb\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u65b9\u5411\u651c\u5e36\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c07\u70ba\u96fb\u8166\u79d1\u6280\u5e36\u4f86\u5168\u65b0\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n

\u591a\u9ad4\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u795e\u5947\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u8b93\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u80fd\u5920\u7522\u751f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002<\/strong>------<\/strong>\u6469\u723e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6578\u5b78\u6479\u64ec<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9084\u76f8\u4fe1\u96fb\u5b50\u5728\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u5167\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u50cf\u4e00\u4e9b\u9ad8\u80fd\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6240\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u4f46\u5f9e\u672a\u88ab\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e00\u4e5d\u4e03\u3007\u5e74\u4ee3\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u8ef8\u5b50\u3001\u55ae\u7368\u5b58\u5728\u5317\u6216\u5357\u6975\u7684\u78c1\u55ae\u6975\u3001\u9084\u6709\u7121\u8cea\u91cf\u3001\u7121\u96fb\u91cf\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u81ea\u8eab\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u99ac\u7336\u7d04\u7d0d\u7c92\u5b50\uff08Majorana particles\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u76f8\u4f3c\u6027\u4e0d\u610f\u5916\u3002\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u9b4f\u67f4\u5207\u514b\uff08Frank Wilczek\uff09\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f9e\u5b9a\u7fa9\u4e0a\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\u672c\u4f86\u5c31\u80fd\u7528\u5c11\u6578\u5e7e\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\u548c\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u96e3\u602a\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u548c\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u6b8a\u9014\u540c\u6b78\u3002<\/p>\n

\u99ac\u7336\u7d04\u7d0d\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u65b9\u9762\u53ef\u80fd\u7279\u5225\u6709\u7528\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4ee5\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u898f\u5247\u9032\u884c\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4e00\u4f86\u5728\u89e3\u78bc\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6703\u9060\u52dd\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u96fb\u8166\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u8981\u4fdd\u6301\u8106\u5f31\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u4e26\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u6975\u5ea6\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u5916\u754c\u74b0\u5883\u5e72\u64fe\u800c\u7834\u58de\u3002\u574e\u6069\u8aaa\uff0c\u53ef\u5c07\u91cf\u5b50\u8cc7\u8a0a\u6563\u4f48\u65bc\u773e\u591a\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u99ac\u7336\u7d04\u7d0d\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u8f03\u80fd\u62b5\u6297\u5916\u4f86\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u3002\u82e5\u662f\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u8868\u9762\u6709\u99ac\u7336\u7d04\u7d0d\u7c92\u5b50\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u300c\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\u300d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u6a21\u64ec\u3001\u5be6\u9a57\u3001\u61c9\u7528\u548c\u53ef\u5f97\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9032\u884c\u5f97\u5982\u706b\u5982\u837c\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u60f3\u62d4\u5f97\u982d\u7c4c\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u970d\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u5df2\u7d93\u8d0f\u5f97\u5169\u6b21\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u6709\u4eba\u76f8\u4fe1\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u4e5f\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u3002\u574e\u6069\u8aaa\u81ea\u5df1\u73fe\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u591a\u60f3\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u500b\u9818\u57df\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7af6\u722d\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u4e5f\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u51fa\u9762\u634d\u885b\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0c\u300c\u6211\u89ba\u5f97\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4e0d\u7ad9\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u6050\u6015\u5c31\u8981\u88ab\u667e\u5728\u4e00\u908a\u4e86\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u8a71\u96d6\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8981\u60f3\u5230\u65af\u5f97\u54e5\u723e\u6469\u9818\u734e\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u9577\u8def\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u6a23\u54c1\u73fe\u5728\u5f88\u5bb9\u6613\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4ecd\u542b\u96dc\u8cea\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5167\u90e8\u4e5f\u6703\u5c0e\u96fb\uff0c\u7834\u58de\u8868\u9762\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u3002\u5b8c\u7f8e\u4e0d\u53ea\u9760\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u85dd\u8853\u3002\u4f55\u6cc1\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u90fd\u8981\u4ef0\u8cf4\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u8f03\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u8981\u7522\u751f\u99ac\u7336\u7d04\u7d0d\u7c92\u5b50\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u548c\u8d85\u5c0e\u9ad4\u5169\u8005\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u5be6\u9a57\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u7576\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u77e5\u9053\u300c\u62d3\u6a38\u7d55\u7de3\u9ad4\u300d\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u662f\u66c7\u82b1\u4e00\u73fe\u3002\u6469\u723e\u8a8d\u70ba\u7121\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u96c6\u9ad4\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u65b0\u5947\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff0c\u591a\u9ad4\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u795e\u5947\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u8b93\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u80fd\u5920\u7522\u751f\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u300c\u5c31\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u805e\u662f\u5f88\u632f\u596e\u4eba\u5fc3\u7684\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

--
\n\u5ef6\u4f38\u95b1\u8b80\uff1a<\/span>Topological states of quantum matter<\/span><\/a>\uff08APS\uff09<\/span><\/p>\n

\u539f\u8f09\u65bc\u3010\u77e5\u8b58\u901a\u8a0a\u8a55\u8ad6\u6708\u520a\u4e5d\u5341\u56db\u671f<\/span><\/a>\u3011<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

CASE\u7db2\u8a8c\u597d\u8b80\u7248 by MissZoe<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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