{"id":44981,"date":"2025-01-16T18:00:43","date_gmt":"2025-01-16T10:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=44981"},"modified":"2025-01-14T13:54:59","modified_gmt":"2025-01-14T05:54:59","slug":"%e9%b3%a5%e8%a0%85-%e9%a0%98%e8%a7%92%e9%b4%9e%e5%af%b6%e5%af%b6%e8%ba%ab%e4%b8%8a%e7%9a%84%e5%90%b8%e8%a1%80%e5%b0%8f%e8%92%bc%e8%a0%85","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=44981","title":{"rendered":"\u9ce5\u8805\u2014\u2014\u9818\u89d2\u9d1e\u5bf6\u5bf6\u8eab\u4e0a\u7684\u5438\u8840\u5c0f\u84bc\u8805"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u96b1\u853d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f80\u5f80\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u6613\u88ab\u5bdf\u89ba\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e\u52d5\u7269\u6551\u50b7\u904e\u7a0b\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6a23\u672c\u767c\u8868\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7d00\u9304\u7684\u9818\u89d2\u9d1e\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u2014\u2014\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805 (<em>Carnus orientalis <\/em>Maa, 1968)\u3002\u662f\u81fa\u7063\u9996\u6b21\u7d00\u9304\u7684\u9ce5\u8805\u79d1 (Carnidae) \u7a2e\u985e\u3002\u9019\u985e\u6606\u87f2\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u96db\u9ce5\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u96e3\u4ee5\u88ab\u5bdf\u89ba\u3002\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u81fa\u7063\u52d5\u7269\u6551\u50b7\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u5730\u63a8\u52d5\u76f8\u95dc\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u63a1\u6a23\u4e0d\u6613\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9ce5\u8805\u5438\u8840\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u9ad4\u5167\u5047\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5e72\u64fe\u76ee\u524d\u666e\u904d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u9451\u5b9a\u6280\u8853\u3002\u5728\u773e\u591a\u7684\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ce5\u8805\u76f8\u5c0d\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5c11\u7684\u985e\u7fa4\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u9084\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u7a2e\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u5c0d\u96db\u9ce5\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u4ee5\u53ca\u64f4\u6563\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u78ba\u5b9a\u9019\u4e9b\u5438\u8840\u5c0f\u87f2\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u5c07\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u89e3\u958b\u7260\u5011\u8207\u8c93\u982d\u9df9\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u81fa\u5927\u6606\u87f2\u7cfb \u9673\u7384\u6a38 \u78a9\u58eb\u3001\u81fa\u5927\u6606\u87f2\u7cfb \u90b1\u540d\u937e \u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388<\/strong><\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u9ce5\u985e\u9ad4\u8868\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u5011<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u9ad4\u8868\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5f88\u591a\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u6027\u6606\u87f2 (ectoparasitic insects) \u7684\u68f2\u606f\u5730\u8207\u98df\u7269\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u6606\u87f2\u85c9\u7531\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u9069\u61c9\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u9ad4\u8868\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5404\u81ea\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u7368\u7279\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u7279\u6027\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u7368\u7279\u800c\u96b1\u853d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u81f3\u4eca\u90fd\u4e0d\u66fe\u88ab\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u8f03\u70ba\u719f\u6089\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f9d\u7167\u884c\u52d5\u80fd\u529b\u5206\u6210\u5169\u5927\u985e\uff1a\u4e0d\u6703\u98db\u7684\u8ddf\u6703\u98db\u7684\u3002\u4e0d\u6703\u98db\u7684\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u4ee5\u7fbd\u8768\uff08\u6216\u7a31\u98df\u6bdb\u8768 mallophaga\uff09\uff08\u5716\u4e00A\uff09\u8207\u87ce\u985e (mites) \u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u901a\u5e38\u4e00\u8f29\u5b50\u90fd\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u5bc4\u4e3b\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u751a\u5c11\u96e2\u958b\u5bc4\u4e3b\u9032\u884c\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u5728\u9ce5\u985e\u4e4b\u9593\u8eab\u9ad4\u4e92\u76f8\u89f8\u78b0\u6642\u624d\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u4e0a\u5e38\u5e38\u7279\u5316\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6389\u843d\u7684\u69cb\u9020\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u4ee5\u9760\u53e3\u5668\u54ac\u4f4f\u7fbd\u6bdb\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u51fa\u73fe\u7279\u5316\u7684\u8db3\u53ef\u4ee5\u7262\u7262\u6293\u4f4f\u9ce5\u985e\u7fbd\u6bdb\u6700\u5805\u56fa\u7684\u7fbd\u8ef8\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u7fbd\u8768\u751a\u81f3\u80fd\u5728\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u6a19\u672c\u4e0a\u88ab\u767c\u73fe<sup>[1]<\/sup>\u3002\u800c\u53e6\u4e00\u985e\u5247\u4ecd\u7136\u4fdd\u6709\u81ea\u8eab\u7684\u98db\u884c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u9019\u985e\u7684\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u5247\u5305\u542b\u96d9\u7fc5\u76ee (Diptera) \u7684\u868a\u79d1 (Culicidae) \u8207\u8768\u8805\u79d1 (Hippoboscidae)\uff08\u5716\u4e00B\uff09\u9019\u4e9b\u5438\u8840\u6027\u7684\u6606\u87f2\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u50cf\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u7fbd\u8768\u4e00\u6a23\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u751f\u505c\u7559\u5728\u9ce5\u985e\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u98db\u884c\u4f86\u641c\u5c0b\u53ef\u4f9b\u5438\u8840\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5438\u5b8c\u8840\u6216\u662f\u611f\u89ba\u5230\u5371\u96aa\u6642\u96e2\u958b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u672c\u6587\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u9ce5\u8805\u300d\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5247\u4ecb\u65bc\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u3002\u800c\u9019\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u4e5f\u8b93\u4ed6\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u96b1\u6c92\u5728\u773e\u591a\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u8fd1\u5e74\u624d\u610f\u5916\u5730\u5728\u9ce5\u985e\u6551\u50b7\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u7260\u5011\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44984\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44984\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44984\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e00_\u9ce5\u985e\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2-1024x587.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e00_\u9ce5\u985e\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2-1024x587.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e00_\u9ce5\u985e\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2-300x172.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e00_\u9ce5\u985e\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2-768x440.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e00_\u9ce5\u985e\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2-1536x881.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e00_\u9ce5\u985e\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2.jpg 1890w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44984\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e00\uff1a\u9ce5\u985e\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u6606\u87f2\u7684\u5169\u5927\u985e\uff1a\u7fc5\u8180\u9000\u5316\u7684\u7fbd\u8768(A)\u548c\u5177\u6709\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u8768\u8805(B)\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u9673\u7384\u6a38\u3001\u6881\u5146\u69ae<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u9ce5\u8805\u7684\u610f\u5916\u767c\u73fe<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>2023\u5e74\u6625\u5929\uff0c\u4e00\u96bb\u589c\u843d\u7684\u9818\u89d2\u9d1e\u7684\u96db\u9ce5\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u8fb2\u696d\u90e8\u751f\u7269\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff08\u524d\u8eab\u70ba\u7279\u6709\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u4fdd\u80b2\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff09\u91ce\u751f\u52d5\u7269\u6025\u6551\u7ad9\u6436\u6551\uff0c\u6436\u6551\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe5\u96bb\u9ad4\u95772\uff5e3\u6beb\u7c73\u7684\u5c0f\u84bc\u8805\u6500\u9644\u5728\u9818\u89d2\u9d1e\u5bf6\u5bf6\u8eab\u4e0a\u5438\u8840\u3002\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u9019\u4e9b\u6a23\u672c\u4fbf\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u81fa\u5927\u6606\u87f2\u7cfb\u505a\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u9451\u5b9a\u3002\u81fa\u7063\u904e\u5f80\u7d00\u9304\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u5438\u8840\u6027\u8805\u985e\u4ee5\u8768\u8805\u70ba\u4e3b\uff0c\u4f46\u8768\u8805\u6709\u660e\u986f\u7684\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u4e14\u8eab\u9ad4\u6241\u5e73\u3002\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u8768\u8805\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9001\u904e\u4f86\u7684\u6a23\u672c\u6c92\u6709\u7fc5\u8180\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7fc5\u57fa\u90e8\u907a\u7559\u88ab\u626f\u65b7\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\uff0c\u4e14\u900f\u8457\u8840\u7d05\u7684\u8179\u90e8\u660e\u986f\u6709\u8139\u5927\u7684\u8de1\u8c61\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u73fe\u8c61\u8b93\u5927\u5bb6\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u6a19\u672c\u6beb\u7121\u982d\u7dd2\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u5f9e\u6574\u500b\u96d9\u7fc5\u76ee\u7684\u5927\u985e\u958b\u59cb\u5c0b\u627e\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u767c\u73fe\u8a72\u7a2e\u6606\u87f2\u53ef\u80fd\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u4e0d\u66fe\u88ab\u8a18\u9304\u904e\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u5728\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u6a23\u672c\u8eab\u4e0a\u66f4\u7d30\u90e8\u7684\u982d\u90e8\u9aa8\u7247\u5f62\u72c0\u8207\u525b\u6bdb\u6392\u5217\u6a23\u5f0f (chaetotaxy) \u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u9010\u6f38\u91d0\u6e05\u9019\u4e9b\u6a23\u672c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c6c\u65bc\u81fa\u7063\u672a\u66fe\u7d00\u9304\u7684\u9ce5\u8805\u79d1 (Carnidae) \u6606\u87f2<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u3002\u4e26\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u900f\u904e\u96c4\u87f2\u751f\u6b96\u5668\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u78ba\u5b9a\u7260\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5df2\u77e5\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u99ac\u4f86\u897f\u4e9e\u8207\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u300c\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805 (<em>Carnus orientalis <\/em>Maa, 1968)\u300d\uff08\u5716\u4e8c\uff09<sup>[2, 3]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u5730\u7406\u4e0a\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u7a7a\u7f3a<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u7d00\u9304\u53ea\u9ede\u72c0\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u99ac\u4f86\u897f\u4e9e\u8207\u65e5\u672c\u7684\u7409\u7403\u7fa4\u5cf6\uff0c\u4e26\u5206\u5225\u4ee5\u99ac\u4f86\u6f01\u9d1e (<em>Ketupa ketupu<\/em>) \u548c\u7409\u7403\u89d2\u9d1e (<em>Otus elegans<\/em>) \u70ba\u5bc4\u4e3b\u3002\u81fa\u7063\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u5247\u589e\u6dfb\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u5bc4\u4e3b\u7d00\u9304<strong>\u2014\u2014<\/strong>\u9818\u89d2\u9d1e (<em>Otus lettia<\/em>)\uff0c\u4e26\u9023\u63a5\u8d77\u5730\u7406\u5206\u5e03\u7684\u7a7a\u7f3a<sup>[3]<\/sup>\u3002\u9019\u8b49\u5be6\u904e\u53bb\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u63a8\u6e2c\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u6771\u4e9e\u5230\u6771\u5357\u4e9e\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u662f\u5426\u53ea\u5728\u9019\u4e09\u7a2e\u8c93\u982d\u9df9\u8eab\u4e0a\u51fa\u73fe\u5247\u9084\u6709\u5f85\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u9ce5\u8805\u5927\u591a\u90fd\u80fd\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u79bd\u9ce5\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8fd1\u89aa\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5206\u5e03\u6eab\u5e36\u5730\u5340\u7684\u7f3a\u7fc5\u9ce5\u8805 (<em>C. hemapterus <\/em>Nitzsch, 1818)\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u591a\u905418\u79d150\u7a2e\u7684\u9ce5\u985e\u8eab\u4e0a<sup>[2]<\/sup>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u795e\u7955\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>\u9ce5\u8805\u96d6\u7136\u5206\u5e03\u5ee3\u6cdb\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u56e0\u53ef\u80fd\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u4ed6\u5011\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u53f2\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u6027\u9ce5\u8805\u6307\u6d89\u7684\u662f\u9ce5\u8805\u5c6c (<em>Carnus<\/em>) \u7684\u7a2e\u985e\uff0c\u7260\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u9ce5\u8805\u79d1\u6606\u87f2\u7684\u7279\u4f8b\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9ce5\u8805\u79d1\u7684\u84bc\u8805\u591a\u662f\u98df\u8150\u6027 (saprophagous) \u7684\u6606\u87f2\uff0c\u4e14\u7d42\u8eab\u5e36\u6709\u7fc5\u8180\u5584\u65bc\u98db\u884c\uff0c\u5f88\u7b26\u5408\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u5c0d\u84bc\u8805\u9019\u985e\u6606\u87f2\u7684\u5370\u8c61\u3002\u552f\u7368\u300c\u9ce5\u8805\u5c6c\u300d\u6210\u87f2\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u9ce5\u985e\u7684\u9ad4\u8868\uff0c\u50c5\u6709\u5e7c\u87f2\u9084\u7dad\u6301\u98df\u8150\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u9ce5\u5de2\u4e2d\u53d6\u98df\u6389\u843d\u7684\u788e\u5c51\u8207\u6709\u6a5f\u8cea\u3002\u7260\u5011\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6027\u662f\u627e\u5230\u9ce5\u985e\u5bc4\u4e3b\u5f8c\u7fc5\u8180\u6703\u812b\u843d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u96cc\u87f2\u767c\u751f\u81a8\u8179\u73fe\u8c61 (physogastrism)\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u70ba\u4f55\u6211\u5011\u63a1\u96c6\u5230\u7684\u6a23\u672c\u90fd\u53ea\u6709\u6b98\u7559\u7fc5\u8180\u57fa\u90e8\uff0c\u4e14\u96cc\u87f2\u809a\u5b50\u660e\u986f\u6bd4\u96c4\u87f2\u66f4\u52a0\u81a8\u5927\u3002\u626f\u65b7\u7fc5\u8180\u8207\u8179\u90e8\u81a8\u5927\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u8ddf\u8a31\u591a\u879e\u87fb\u548c\u767d\u87fb\u7684\u87fb\u540e\u985e\u4f3c\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u4e3b\u8981\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u96cc\u6027\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u662f\u6606\u87f2\u5728\u98db\u884c\u80fd\u529b\u8207\u751f\u6b96\u6295\u8cc7\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6b0a\u8861\u3002\u96cc\u6027\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u5728\u5c0b\u627e\u5230\u5bc4\u4e3b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u958b\u59cb\u5c07\u80fd\u91cf\u5927\u91cf\u6295\u8cc7\u5728\u7e41\u6b96\u5f8c\u4ee3\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u6368\u68c4\u98db\u884c\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u4f86\u82e5\u5f9e\u5bc4\u4e3b\u8eab\u4e0a\u6389\u843d\uff0c\u4fbf\u7121\u6cd5\u91cd\u65b0\u98db\u884c\u5230\u65b0\u7684\u5bc4\u4e3b\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002\u907f\u514d\u6389\u843d\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ea\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u672a\u96e2\u5de2\u96db\u9ce5\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u8b93\u7260\u5011\u7684\u8e64\u8de1\u66f4\u96e3\u88ab\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u5230\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44982\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44982\" style=\"width: 600px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-44982\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e8c_\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805-1024x791.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"600\" height=\"463\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e8c_\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805-1024x791.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e8c_\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805-300x232.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e8c_\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805-768x593.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e8c_\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805-1536x1186.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e8c_\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805.jpg 1678w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44982\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e8c\uff1a\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805 (Carnus orientalis Maa, 1968)\u3002A\u2013B\u70ba\u96c4\u87f2\u7684\u5074\u9762(A)\u8207\u80cc\u9762(B)\uff1bC\u2013D\u70ba\u81a8\u8179\u96cc\u87f2\u7684\u5074\u9762(C)\u8207\u80cc\u9762(D)\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u610f\u5916\u963b\u7919<\/strong><strong>\u2014\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u5047\u57fa\u56e0<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>\u9019\u6b21\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u91d0\u6e05\u9ce5\u8805\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u610f\u5916\u7684\u906d\u9047\u5230\u5206\u5b50\u9451\u5b9a\u4e2d\u767c\u751f\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u7576\u4ee3\uff0c\u91d0\u6e05\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u9664\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u5f62\u614b\u8fa8\u5225\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cDNA \u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u6bd4\u5c0d\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u529b\u7684\u9451\u5b9a\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5ee3\u6cdb\u88ab\u7528\u65bc\u6bd4\u5c0d\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u88ab\u7a31\u505aDNA\u689d\u78bc (DNA barcode)\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6280\u8853\u4e5f\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u5728\u672c\u6b21\u9ce5\u8805\u7684\u9451\u5b9a\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u627e\u5230\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u537b\u51fa\u73fe\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6606\u87f2\u7b49\u591a\u6578\u52d5\u7269\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u7d30\u80de\u8272\u7d20c\u6c27\u5316\u9176\u4e9e\u57fa1 (Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, COI) \u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7247\u6bb5\u4f86\u505a\u70baDNA\u689d\u78bc\u3002\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u6bb5\u6703\u8f49\u8b6f\u51fa\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\u3010\u8a3b\u4e00\u3011\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6aa2\u8996\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\u6642\uff0c\u537b\u610f\u5916\u767c\u73fe\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u9593\u51fa\u73fe\u7d42\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50 (stop codon)\u3010\u8a3b\u4e8c\u3011\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u9ce5\u8805\u5e8f\u5217\u7f3a\u5c112\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u3002\u9019\u5169\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u4e0d\u5c0b\u5e38\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u5728\u65bc\uff1a\u7d42\u6b62\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u6703\u8b93\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u8f49\u8b6f\u505c\u6b62\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u7522\u751f\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8f49\u8b6f\u4ee53\u500b\u9e7c\u57fa\u70ba\u4e00\u55ae\u4f4d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7f3a\u5c11\u7684\u9e7c\u57fa\u82e5\u975e3\u7684\u500d\u6578\uff0c\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u932f\u4f4d\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u8f49\u8b6f\u51fa\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8ddf\u539f\u672c\u9810\u671f\u7684\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u6bb5\u57fa\u56e0\u986f\u7136\u662f\u4e0d\u5177\u529f\u80fd\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u600e\u9ebc\u6703\u8ddf\u76ee\u6a19\u7684COI\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\u9019\u9ebc\u63a5\u8fd1\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u76ee\u524d\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u9019\u985e\u5047\u57fa\u56e0 (pseudogene) \u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u5927\u9ad4\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u5728\u65bc\u6606\u87f2\u9ad4\u5167\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u539f\u56e0\u51fa\u73fe\u591a\u7d44\u76f8\u540c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5728\u55aa\u5931\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u4e0d\u6703\u5371\u53ca\u500b\u9ad4\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5931\u53bb\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4fbf\u88ab\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86<sup>[4]<\/sup>\u3002\u4f46\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u8207\u539f\u4f86\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u592a\u904e\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u5728PCR\u7684\u589e\u5e45\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u610f\u5916\u88ab\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u3002\u82e5\u4f7f\u7528\u5047\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\u53bb\u9032\u884c\u7269\u7a2e\u9451\u5b9a\uff0c\u6703\u7522\u751f\u504f\u8aa4\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff08\u5716\u4e09\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u6240\u5e78\u9019\u4e9b\u7570\u5e38\u5e8f\u5217\u80fd\u85c9\u7531\u6bd4\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u9ce5\u8805\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u91cd\u65b0\u8a2d\u8a08\u5f15\u5b50\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u589e\u5e45\u5047\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u53d6\u5f97\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u57fa\u56e0\u53bb\u505a\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u9451\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h6><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><strong>\u7d50\u3000\u8a9e<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n<p>\u9ce5\u8805\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u662f\u591a\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u55ae\u4f4d\u5408\u4f5c\u4e2d\u610f\u5916\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u5728\u773e\u591a\u7684\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ce5\u8805\u76f8\u5c0d\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5c11\u7684\u985e\u7fa4\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u9084\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u7a2e\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u5c0d\u96db\u9ce5\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u4ee5\u53ca\u64f4\u6563\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u904e\u5f80\u9019\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f03\u96b1\u853d\u7684\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u80fd\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\u4e0d\u591a\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u8fd1\u5e74\u6551\u50b7\u8207\u9ce5\u985e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e0b\uff0c\u6f38\u6f38\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u5f97\u4ee5\u91d0\u6e05\u7260\u5011\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7279\u6027\u3002\u5728\u78ba\u5b9a\u9019\u4e9b\u5438\u8840\u5c0f\u87f2\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u5c07\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u89e3\u958b\u66f4\u591a\u7260\u5011\u8207\u8c93\u982d\u9df9\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_44983\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-44983\" style=\"width: 800px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-large wp-image-44983\" src=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e09_\u9ce5\u8805\u5047\u57fa\u56e0-1024x686.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"800\" height=\"536\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e09_\u9ce5\u8805\u5047\u57fa\u56e0-1024x686.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e09_\u9ce5\u8805\u5047\u57fa\u56e0-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e09_\u9ce5\u8805\u5047\u57fa\u56e0-768x514.jpg 768w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e09_\u9ce5\u8805\u5047\u57fa\u56e0-1536x1029.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e09_\u9ce5\u8805\u5047\u57fa\u56e0-2048x1372.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-44983\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e09\u3001\u4f7f\u7528\u9ce5\u8805\u5c6c\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7a2e\u7684COI\u5e8f\u5217\u8207\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805\u7684COI\u5047\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\uff08\u7d05\u8272\uff09\u91cd\u5efa\u7684\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u6a39\u8207\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u7a2e\u754c\u5b9a\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u898bCOI\u5047\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\u8207\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805COI\u5e8f\u5217\u5dee\u7570\u751a\u5927\uff0c\u88ab\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\u8996\u70ba\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u9020\u6210\u7269\u7a2e\u9451\u5b9a\u7684\u504f\u8aa4\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b3<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u8a3b\u91cb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e00\uff1aDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u6703\u8f49\u9304 (transcript) \u6210RNA\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800cRNA\u6703\u5728\u8f49\u8b6f (translate)\u6210\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7d44\u5408\u6210\u6709\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002\u4ee5\u4e0a\u9019\u6bb5\u904e\u7a0b\u88ab\u7a31\u4f5c\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6cd5\u5247 (central dogma of molecular biology)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b\u4e8c\uff1aDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\u4e09\u500b\u4e00\u7d44\u7684\u9e7c\u57fa\u7d44\u5408\u6703\u5c0d\u61c9\u4e00\u7a2e\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\u6216\u662f\u8f49\u8b6f\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u8207\u7d50\u675f\uff0c\u591a\u7a2e\u7d44\u5408\u53ef\u5c0d\u61c9\u540c\u4e00\u7a2e\u6c28\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u4f5c\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50 (codon)\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Peters HS (1928) Mallophaga from Ohio birds. The Ohio Journal of Science. 28: 215\u2013228.<\/li>\n<li>Grimaldi D (1997) The bird flies, genus <em>Carnus<\/em>: Species revision, generic relationships, and a fossil <em>Meoneura<\/em> in amber (Diptera: Carnidae). Amerian Museum Novitates 3190: 1\u201330.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3897\/BDJ.12.e137532\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Chen H-P, Chan F-C, Shiao S-F, Chiu M-C (2024) New record of Carnidae (Diptera) from Taiwan and potential challenges in DNA barcode amplification due to pseudogene. Biodiversity Data Journal 12: e137532.<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1590\/S1676-06032012000300029\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Leite LAR (2012) Mitochondrial pseudogenes in insect DNA barcoding: differing points of view on the same issue. Biota Neotropica 12: 301\u2013308.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u96b1\u853d\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f80\u5f80\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u6613\u88ab\u5bdf\u89ba\u3002\u8fd1\u671f\u6211\u5011\u900f\u904e\u52d5\u7269\u6551\u50b7\u904e\u7a0b\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6a23\u672c\u767c\u8868\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u7d00\u9304\u7684\u9818\u89d2\u9d1e\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u2014\u2014\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805\u3002\u662f\u81fa\u7063\u9996\u6b21\u7d00\u9304\u7684\u9ce5\u8805\u79d1\u7a2e\u985e\u3002\u9019\u985e\u6606\u87f2\u5bc4\u751f\u5728\u96db\u9ce5\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u904e\u53bb\u96e3\u4ee5\u88ab\u5bdf\u89ba\u3002\u4f46\u8fd1\u5e74\u81fa\u7063\u52d5\u7269\u6551\u50b7\u7684\u898f\u6a21\u64f4\u5927\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u5730\u63a8\u52d5\u76f8\u95dc\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u63a1\u6a23\u4e0d\u6613\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9ce5\u8805\u5438\u8840\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u9ad4\u5167\u5047\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u5e72\u64fe\u76ee\u524d\u666e\u904d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u9451\u5b9a\u6280\u8853\u3002\u5728\u773e\u591a\u7684\u5916\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u4e2d\uff0c\u9ce5\u8805\u76f8\u5c0d\u662f\u4e86\u89e3\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5c11\u7684\u985e\u7fa4\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u9084\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u7a2e\u5bc4\u751f\u87f2\u5c0d\u96db\u9ce5\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u4ee5\u53ca\u64f4\u6563\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u78ba\u5b9a\u9019\u4e9b\u5438\u8840\u5c0f\u87f2\u7684\u8eab\u5206\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u672a\u4f86\u5c07\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u89e3\u958b\u7260\u5011\u8207\u8c93\u982d\u9df9\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":44982,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,3005,6512,26],"tags":[912,1618,7305],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/\u5716\u4e8c_\u6771\u65b9\u9ce5\u8805.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44981"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=44981"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":44985,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/44981\/revisions\/44985"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/44982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=44981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=44981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=44981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}