{"id":44695,"date":"2024-10-10T18:00:32","date_gmt":"2024-10-10T10:00:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=44695"},"modified":"2024-10-09T14:19:54","modified_gmt":"2024-10-09T06:19:54","slug":"%e7%82%ba%e8%aa%9e%e8%a8%80%e9%9a%9c%e7%a4%99%e8%80%85%e9%87%8d%e5%95%9f%e6%ba%9d%e9%80%9a%e7%9a%84ottaa%e5%b0%88%e6%a1%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=44695","title":{"rendered":"\u70ba\u8a9e\u8a00\u969c\u7919\u8005\u91cd\u555f\u6e9d\u901a\u7684OTTAA\u5c08\u6848"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u4f60\u5e73\u5e38\u90fd\u7528\u4ec0\u9ebc\u65b9\u5f0f\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u6e9d\u901a\u5462\uff1f\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u8a9e\u8a00\u969c\u7919\u8005\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u55ce\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u52a0\u4e0a\u300c\u79d1\u6280\u300d\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u4f60\u9084\u77e5\u9053\u54ea\u4e9b\u6e9d\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u5462\uff1f\u4f60\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u9078\u9805\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u90fd\u548c\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u9806\u66a2\u8207\u5426\uff0c\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u8a9e\u8a00\u969c\u7919\u8005\u53d7\u6559\u80b2\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u548c\u793e\u4ea4\u4e92\u52d5\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a81\u986f\u51fa\u300c\u79d1\u6280\u300d\u89d2\u8272\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u3002\u672c\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u5c07\u5e36\u4f60\u77ad\u89e3\u904b\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u6280\u8853\u7684OTTAA\u5c08\u6848\u5982\u4f55\u5e6b\u52a9\u8a9e\u8a00\u969c\u7919\u4eba\u58eb\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u6e9d\u901a\u3001\u6e9d\u901a\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3001\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u5efa\u8b70\u3001\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u548c\u6c38\u7e8c\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5cFin<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u57161\uff1a\u79d1\u6280\u5354\u52a9\u4eba\u7fa4\u8207\u4e16\u754c\u6e9d\u901a\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aWikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

OTTAA\u5c08\u6848\u7de3\u8d77<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n

OTTAA\u5c08\u6848\u7531\u4e00\u5c0d\u5144\u5f1f\u548c\u5404\u9818\u57df\u6210\u54e1\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u9019\u5c0d\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u7956\u6bcdLidia\u7531\u65bc\u7f79\u60a3\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u548c\u4ed6\u5011\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u5275\u7acb\u4e86OTTAA\u5e73\u81fa\u3002\u6b64\u5e73\u81fa\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5354\u52a9\u8a9e\u8a00\u969c\u7919\u4eba\u58eb\u7684\u300c\u64f4\u5927\u53ca\u66ff\u4ee3\u6027\u8f14\u52a9\u6e9d\u901a\u7cfb\u7d71\u300d(Augmentative and Alternative Communication. AAC)\uff0c\u80fd\u6539\u5584\u8a9e\u8a00\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u3001\u5e6b\u52a9\u4ed6\u5011\u91cd\u7372\u81ea\u4e3b\u6b0a\u30022016\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u7684OTTAA\u5c08\u6848\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7372\u5f97\u806f\u5408\u570b\u5152\u7ae5\u57fa\u91d1\u6703\u5275\u6295 (UNICEF Venture Fund) \u7684\u8cc7\u52a9\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u6e2c\u8a66\u65b0\u5e02\u5834\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5e73\u81fa\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5305\u542b\u5384\u74dc\u591a\u3001\u74dc\u5730\u99ac\u62c9\u3001\u85a9\u723e\u74e6\u591a\u7b49\u570b\u5bb6\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7e7c\u7e8c\u6574\u5408GPT\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u4ee5\u5be6\u73fe\u9032\u968e\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u529f\u80fd\u548c\u5275\u9020\u53e5\u5b50\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662fAAC\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n

\u6839\u64da\u7f8e\u570b\u807d\u8a9e\u5b78\u6703 (ASHA, 2024) \u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0cAAC\u6307\u7684\u662f\u8ac7\u8a71\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u6240\u6709\u6e9d\u901a\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u6240\u6709\u5e74\u9f61\u5c64\u7684\u4eba\u82e5\u5728\u8a9e\u8a00\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528AAC\u3002\u64f4\u5927 (Augmentative) \u6307\u7684\u662f\u589e\u6dfb\u5230\u6b64\u4eba\u7684\u8a00\u8a9e\u4e2d\uff0c\u800c\u66ff\u4ee3 (Alternative)\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4ee3\u66ff\u8a00\u8a9e\u3002AAC\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u985e\u578b\uff0c\u975e\u6280\u8853\u548c\u4f4e\u6280\u8853\u985e\u578b\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u624b\u52e2\u3001\u81c9\u90e8\u8868\u60c5\u3001\u5beb\u4f5c\u3001\u7e6a\u756b\u3001\u6307\u8457\u7167\u7247\u3001\u5716\u7247\u6216\u6587\u5b57\u7b49\uff1b\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u985e\u578b\u5247\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528iPad\u6216\u5e73\u677f\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u6d41\u3001\u8a9e\u97f3\u7522\u751f\u88dd\u7f6e (Speech Generating Device, SGD) \u7b49\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u2022\u5a01\u5ec9\u2022\u970d\u91d1 (Stephen William Hawking) \u56e0\u6f38\u51cd\u4eba\u75c7 (ALS) \u7de3\u6545\uff0c\u665a\u5e74\u7121\u6cd5\u767c\u8072\uff0c\u4fbf\u4ee5\u8a9e\u97f3\u7522\u751f\u88dd\u7f6e\u4f86\u8207\u4ed6\u4eba\u6e9d\u901a\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u79d1\u6280\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4ee5\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684AAC\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u8f14\u52a9\u5931\u8a9e\u75c7\u3001\u53e3\u5403\u3001\u69cb\u97f3\u969c\u7919\u3001\u8868\u9054\u969c\u7919\u8005\u7b49\uff0cOTTAA\u5e73\u81fa\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u4e00\u7a2eAAC\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u57162\uff1aAAC\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a\u8a9e\u97f3\u624b\u9336\u662f\u4e00\u6b3e\u7a7f\u6234\u5f0f\u7684\u8a9e\u97f3\u7522\u751f\u88dd\u7f6e\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aWikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

OTTAA\u7684\u767c\u5c55<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n

OTTAA\u5e73\u81fa\u63d0\u4f9b\u6578\u5343\u7a2e\u8c61\u5f62\u5716\uff0c\u8b93\u8a9e\u8a00\u969c\u7919\u8005\u4ee5\u8c61\u5f62\u5716\u5b8c\u6210\u53e5\u5b50\u3002\u8c61\u5f62\u5716\u662f\u6307\u4ee3\u8868\u52d5\u4f5c\u3001\u7269\u9ad4\u3001\u611f\u89ba\u6216\u60c5\u7dd2\u7684\u5716\u50cf\uff08\u5982\uff1a\u5c4b\u5b50\u7684\u5716\u6848\u8868\u793a\u300c\u5bb6\u300d\uff09\u3002\u501f\u52a9\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u6280\u8853\uff0cOTTAA\u53ef\u6839\u64da\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u548c\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u77ed\u8a9e\uff0c\u5411\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5efa\u8b70\u6700\u9069\u5408\u7684\u8c61\u5f62\u5716\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u4ed6\u5011\u548c\u5bb6\u4eba\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u7167\u9867\u8005\u7b49\u5c0d\u8c61\u6e9d\u901a\u3002OTTAA\u5718\u968a\u900f\u904e\u5206\u6790\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u7684180\u591a\u842c\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u4f86\u8a13\u7df4\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3001\u63d0\u4f9b\u904a\u6232\u4f86\u57f9\u990a\u5b69\u7ae5\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\u91cf\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u4f9b\u6bcf\u6708\u5831\u544a\u4f86\u8ffd\u8e64\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u9032\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u958b\u767c\u6b64\u5e73\u81fa\u5916\uff0c\u5718\u968a\u4e5f\u70ba\u4e0d\u4fbf\u64cd\u4f5c\u6ed1\u9f20\u7684\u8eab\u969c\u8005\u958b\u767c\u7121\u969c\u7919\u5957\u7d44\uff0c\u642d\u914d\u5e73\u81fa\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6efe\u52d5\u548c\u6309\u4e0b (Scroll & Press) \u9019\u9805\u8a2d\u5099\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e09\u7a2e\u6307\u4ee4\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u5de6\u5074\u5927\u6efe\u8f2a\u6efe\u52d5\uff0c\u6703\u89f8\u767c\u300c\u5411\u4e0b\u300d\u548c\u300c\u5411\u4e0a\u300d\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\uff0c\u800c\u53f3\u5074\u6309\u9215\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u6309\u4e0b\u300d\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u9019\u9805\u8a2d\u5099\u9084\u53ef\u548c\u667a\u6167\u578b\u624b\u6a5f\u6216\u500b\u4eba\u96fb\u8166\u5408\u4f75\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f7f\u7528\u60c5\u5883\u662f\u4f86\u81ea11\u6b72\u7684Pule\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u7b2c\u4e00\u578b\u810a\u9ad3\u6027\u808c\u8089\u840e\u7e2e\u75c7\u7684\u5973\u5b69\u3002\u5979\u6536\u5230\u773c\u52d5\u8ffd\u8e64\u8a2d\u5099OCUS\u548c\u901a\u8a0a\u8a2d\u5099OTTAA\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u6708\u5f8c\uff0c\u548c\u5718\u968a\u78b0\u9762\u3002\u5979\u4ee5\u773c\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\u5411\u5718\u968a\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u5979\u9019\u6bb5\u671f\u9593\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u7de8\u8f2f\u5b78\u6821\u4f5c\u696d\u7684\u6587\u5b57\u6a94\u3001\u700f\u89bd\u7db2\u7ad9\u5b78\u82f1\u8a9e\u3001\u89c0\u8cde\u4e32\u6d41\u5e73\u81fa\u5f71\u7247\u7b49\u3002Pule\u4e5f\u5411\u5718\u968a\u4ee5\u6587\u5b57\u8868\u793a\u5979\u5341\u5206\u559c\u6b61\u7528\u773c\u52d5\u65b9\u5f0f\u64cd\u4f5c\u96fb\u8166\u3002\u89aa\u773c\u770b\u5230\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u904b\u7528OTTAA\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u8b93\u5718\u968a\u7406\u89e3\uff1a\u9019\u9805\u79d1\u6280\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a9e\u8a00\u969c\u7919\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u66f4\u62d3\u5c55\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u548c\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u56de\u994b\u66f4\u8b93\u5718\u968a\u5927\u70ba\u632f\u596e\uff08\u8a3b\uff1a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5f71\u7247\u5728\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\u7b2c2\u9805\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u5efa\u8b70<\/strong><\/span><\/h6>\n

OTTAA\u5c08\u6848\uff0c\u662f\u4ee5\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280 (Assistive Technology) \u6848\u4f8b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u60c5\u5883\u8207\u6280\u8853\u4ecd\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\uff1bOTTAA\u64c1\u6709\u958b\u6e90\u786c\u9ad4\u8a31\u53ef\u8b49 (OSHWA)\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u4eba\u5011\u53c3\u8207\u6539\u9032\u539f\u59cb\u78bc\u30022023\u5e74\uff0c\u5718\u968a\u63a8\u51fa\u4e86OTTAA\u7684\u624b\u6a5f\u61c9\u7528\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u66f4\u5ee3\u5927\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u4ee5\u8c61\u5f62\u5716\u6e9d\u901a\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u9032\u5c55\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u5728\u300c\u9810\u6e2c\u300d\u529f\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f86\u63a8\u85a6\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u5883\u8108\u7d61\u4e2d\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u8c61\u5f62\u5716\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u300c\u900f\u904e\u6587\u5b57\u6307\u4ee4\u4f86\u751f\u6210AI\u5716\u50cf\u300d\u5247\u53ef\u5e6b\u52a9\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5275\u9020\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8c61\u5f62\u5716\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u57163\uff1a \u7d66\u8aaa\u82f1\u8a9e\u8005\u7684AAC\u88dd\u7f6e\u4ecb\u9762\u4e3b\u9801(\u975e\u672c\u5c08\u6848)\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aWikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u6839\u64da\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54WHO (2024) \u7684\u5b9a\u7fa9\uff0c\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u662f\u8f14\u52a9\u7522\u54c1\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u7cfb\u7d71\u548c\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u7e3d\u7a31\u3002\u8f14\u52a9\u7522\u54c1\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u7dad\u6301\u6216\u6539\u5584\u500b\u4eba\u8207\u8a8d\u77e5\u3001\u6e9d\u901a\u3001\u807d\u529b\u3001\u884c\u52d5\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u7167\u9867\u548c\u8996\u529b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u4fc3\u9032\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u3001\u798f\u7949\u3001\u5305\u5bb9\u548c\u53c3\u8207\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b46\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u65bcSDGs\u7b2c10\u9805\u300c\u6d88\u5f2d\u4e0d\u5e73\u7b49\u300d\uff1b\u800c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8eab\u5fc3\u969c\u7919\u7684\u5152\u7ae5\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u80fd\u6539\u5584\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u9ad4\u9a57\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u300c\u512a\u8cea\u6559\u80b2\u300d(SDGs\u7b2c4\u9805)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b64\u5916\uff0cWHO\u57282018\u5e74\u767c\u8d77\u4e86\u5168\u7403\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u5408\u4f5c (GATE) \u7684\u5021\u8b70\uff0cGATE\u793e\u7fa4\u6210\u54e1\u5305\u62ec\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3001\u670d\u52d9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8005\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u8005\u3001\u6350\u52a9\u8005\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u3001\u5021\u8b70\u8005\u3001\u88fd\u9020\u5546\u548c\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u7b49\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5206\u4eab\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4e5f\u5171\u540c\u5c0b\u6c42\u89e3\u6c7a\u65b9\u6848\u3002WHO\u548cUNICEF\u65bc2022\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e8610\u9805\u95dc\u65bc\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u78ba\u4fdd\u8f14\u52a9\u7522\u54c1\u5b89\u5168\u3001\u6709\u6548\u3001\u50f9\u683c\u5be6\u60e0\u3001\u5c07\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u7d0d\u5165\u4eba\u9053\u56e0\u61c9\u63aa\u65bd\u7b49\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u5404\u570b\u5728\u958b\u767c\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u8003\u91cf\u9019\u4e9b\u5efa\u8b70\uff0c\u4fc3\u9032\u5168\u9ad4\u4eba\u7fa4\u7684\u6c38\u7e8c\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4f7f\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u80fd\u5728\u53ef\u8ca0\u64d4\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u7372\u5f97\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8f14\u52a9\u79d1\u6280\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u57164\uff1a\u9069\u5408\u4f4e\u8996\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u5c0f\u578b\u9589\u8def\u96fb\u8996\u95b1\u8b80\u5668\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u95b1\u8b80\u6a02\u8b5c\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aWikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. How it works? (2024). OTTAA Project<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. OCUS - OTTAA Project - El testimonio Anto y su familia. (2024). OTTAA Project.<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Zdravkova, K., Krasniqi, V., Dalipi, F., & Ferati, M. (2022). Cutting-edge communication and learning assistive technologies for disabled children: An artificial intelligence perspective.\u00a0Frontiers in artificial intelligence<\/em>,\u00a05<\/em>, 970430.<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. OTTAA Project: AI Algorithms for Assistive Communications. (2024). UNICEF.<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Comunicacion Aumentativa Graduates From Seed Stage Funding. (2024). UNICEF.<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. From AI to Hi! Growth Fund graduate OTTAA optimizes AI to ease communication for people with disabilities. (2024). UNICEF.<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC). (2024). American Speech-Language-Hearing Association.<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. Global Cooperation on Assistive Technology (GATE). (2024). WHO.<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. Aacpro333. (2024). Speech Watch from Gus Communication Devices Inc. Wikimedia Commons (No changes were made)<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. Various. (2024). The main page of an AAC device layout for English speakers. Wikimedia Commons (No changes were made)<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. Muse Score. (2024). Small CCTV reader for low vision users. Wikimedia Commons (No changes were made)<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. Gianeshwar0201. (2024). Spatial Technology In Future. Wikimedia Commons (No changes were made)<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. Assistive technology. (2024). WHO<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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