{"id":43839,"date":"2024-03-05T18:00:08","date_gmt":"2024-03-05T10:00:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=43839"},"modified":"2024-03-05T12:07:25","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T04:07:25","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%8f%b2%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%8c%e3%80%911959-1967%e5%b9%b4%ef%bc%9a%e9%9b%bb%e5%bc%b1%e4%ba%a4%e4%ba%92%e4%bd%9c%e7%94%a8%e7%9a%84%e7%b5%b1%e4%b8%80","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=43839","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u65e5\u8a8c\u30111959-1967\u5e74\uff1a\u96fb\u5f31\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7d71\u4e00"},"content":{"rendered":"

1959-1967\u5e74\uff1a\u96fb\u5f31\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7d71\u4e00<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6587\uff5c\u856d\u5982\u73c0\u3001\u694a\u4fe1\u7537\uff08\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u5716\u5de6\u70ba\u683c\u62c9\u8096 (Sheldon L. Glashow)\uff1b\u5716\u4e2d\u70ba\u85a9\u62c9\u59c6 (Abdus Salam)\uff1b\u5716\u53f3\u70ba\u842c\u67cf\u683c (Steven Weinberg)\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aWikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u65e9\u7814\u7a76\u78c1\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u516c\u5143\u524d\u516d\u767e\u5e74\u524d\u5e0c\u81d8\u4e03\u8ce2\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u6cf0\u52d2\u65af\uff08Thales\uff0c\u7d04626 \/ 623 \u2013 548 \/ 545 BC\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u51fa\u8eab\u65bc\u4e9e\u7d30\u4e9e\u7684\u7c73\u5229\u90fd (Miletus)\uff0c\u8a72\u8655\u76db\u7522\u4e00\u7a2e\u7926\u77f3\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u300cho magneteslithos\u300d(the magnetismrock)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u7d71\u7a31\u6703\u5438\u9435\u7684\u6771\u897f\u70bamagnet\uff0c\u5373\u78c1\u9435\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u985e\u78c1\u6027\u73fe\u8c61\u5247\u88ab\u7a31\u70bamagnetism\u3002\u6cf0\u52d2\u65af\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u7425\u73c0\uff08\u6a39\u8102\u5316\u77f3\uff0c\u5e0c\u81d8\u4eba\u7a31\u70baelektron\uff09\u7d93\u78e8\u64e6\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u5438\u529b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u73fe\u5728\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u70baelectron\u3002\u96fb\u529b\u548c\u78c1\u529b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u524d\u8005\u53ef\u5438\u5f15\u4e00\u822c\u8f15\u7269\uff0c\u78c1\u9435\u5247\u53ea\u80fd\u5438\u9644\u9435\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e2d\u570b\u6709\u95dc\u78c1\u7684\u6700\u65e9\u7d00\u9304\u662f\uff0c\u50b3\u8aaa\u4e2d\u516c\u5143\u524d\u7d042600\u5e74\uff0c\u9ec3\u5e1d\u8207\u86a9\u5c24\u4f5c\u6230\u6642\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6307\u5357\u91dd\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd4\u8f03\u53ef\u9760\u7684\u7d00\u9304\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u65bc\u6230\u570b\u6642\u671f\uff08\u524d475\u5e74\u81f3\u524d221\u5e74\uff09\u624d\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u300c\u96fb\u300d\u9019\u500b\u5b57\u4f9d\u91d1\u6587=\u300c\u96e8\u300d+\u300c\u9739\u9742\u300d\uff0c\u6307\u96f7\u96fb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u78c1\u9435\u6bd4\u8f03\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u5bb9\u6613\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u5357\u5317\u4e8c\u6975\u76f8\u4f34\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u96fb\u5247\u662f\u6349\u6478\u4e0d\u5b9a\uff0c\u77ac\u9593\u6d88\u5931\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u7d93\u904e\u5f88\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u77e5\u9053\u5982\u4f55\u64cd\u4f5c\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u800c\u7d42\u7531\u5eab\u4f96 (Charles-Augustin de Coulomb, 1736-1806) \u57281785\u5e74\u7d93\u7531\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5be6\u9a57\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5eab\u4f96\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u5373\u78c1\u5076\u6975\u9593\u4ee5\u53ca\u96fb\u8377\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u90fd\u8ddf\u91cd\u529b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8207\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u5c07\u975c\u96fb\u5b78\u63a8\u9032\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6578\u5b78\u6027\u79d1\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n

1800\u5e74\uff0c\u4f0f\u6253 (Alessandro Volta, 1745-1827) \u7814\u88fd\u96fb\u6c60\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u96fb\u6d41\uff0c\u800c\u4f7f\u5384\u65af\u7279 (Hans Christian \u00d8rsted, 1777-1851) \u57281820\u5e74\u5f97\u4ee5\u5728\u6388\u8ab2\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u689d\u901a\u6709\u96fb\u6d41\u7684\u5c0e\u7dda\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u9130\u8fd1\u7684\u78c1\u91dd\u767c\u751f\u504f\u8f49\u3002\u9019\u500b\u96fb\u80fd\u751f\u78c1\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u6b50\u6d32\u9020\u6210\u8f5f\u52d5\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c (Michael Faraday<\/em>, <\/em>1791-1867) \u7dca\u63a5\u8457\u57281831\u5e74\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u96fb\u5834\u6703\u7522\u751f\u78c1\u5834\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u4e5f\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u611f\u61c9\u96fb\u6d41\u3002\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01 (James Clerk Maxwell, 1831- 1879) \u5c07\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u6578\u5b78\u5316\uff0c\u4e26\u7d9c\u5408\u4e4b\u524d\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u6240\u6709\u96fb\u78c1\u73fe\u8c61\u53ca\u5176\u6578\u5b78\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u57281865\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\u56db\u5927\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u70ba\u6240\u6709\u96fb\u78c1\u73fe\u8c61\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d71\u4e00\u800c\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u90fd\u66fe\u5617\u8a66\u5c07\u91cd\u529b\u548c\u96fb\u78c1\u7d71\u4e00\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u672a\u80fd\u6210\u529f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u859b\u4e01\u683c\uff08Erwin Scchroedinger\uff0c1887-1961\uff0c1933\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\uff09\u548c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\uff08Werner Heisenberg\uff0c1901-1976\uff0c1932\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\uff09\u65bc1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u5f8c\u671f\u5b8c\u6210\u5efa\u69cb\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u5f8c\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u671d\u6c38\u3001\u8a31\u6eab\u683c\u548c\u8cbb\u66fc\u7b49\u4eba\u53c8\u82b1\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\u624d\u5b8c\u6210\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\uff0c\u5b83\u5c0d\u6e3a\u5b50 (muon) \u78c1\u77e9 (magneticmoment) \u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u8207\u5be6\u9a57\u543b\u5408\u81f310-9<\/sup>\uff0c\u5373\u5341\u5104\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9019\u6bb5\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u03b2\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u70ba\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u5b50\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u8cea\u5b50\u4e26\u653e\u5c04\u51fa\u96fb\u5b50\u548c\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u03b2\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u534a\u8870\u671f\uff0c\u77ed\u8005\u7d04\u5398\u79d2 (10-3<\/sup> sec) \u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u9577\u8005\u5247\u8207\u5b87\u5b99\u540c\u9f61\u3002\u5b83\u7684\u534a\u8870\u671f\u6bd4\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u8e8d\u9077\u534a\u8870\u671f (10-13<\/sup> sec) \u9577\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u9019\u7a2e\u4f5c\u7528\u6bd4\u96fb\u78c1\u4f5c\u7528\u5f31\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u8207\u539f\u5148\u4e00\u822c\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u548c\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u8fe5\u7570\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7a31\u70ba\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528 (weak interaction)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63cf\u8ff0\u03b2\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u7531\u8cbb\u7c73\uff08Enrico Fermi\uff0c1901-1954\uff0c1938\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\uff09\u57281934\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f15\u9032\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u4e2d\u5b50\u2013\u8cea\u5b50\u2013\u96fb\u5b50\u2013\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u4ea4\u96c6\u5728\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u552f\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002\u8cbb\u7c73\u4f5c\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u63d0\u51fa\u5f8c\u7684\u4e8c\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u968e\u8fd1\u4f3c\u4e0b\u6240\u7d66\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u8ddf\u5be6\u9a57\u90fd\u5f88\u543b\u5408\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5ee3\u88ab\u63a5\u53d7\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u8cbb\u7c73\u5047\u8a2d\u03b2\u8870\u8b8a\u4e2d\u56db\u500b\u8cbb\u7c73\u7684\u5076\u5408\u767c\u751f\u5728\u6642\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7684\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u9ede\uff0c\u5728\u56db\u7dad\u6642\u7a7a\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9ede\uff08\u5c40\u90e8\uff09\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u9664\u4e86\u6703\u9055\u53cd\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u4e48\u6b63\u6027 (unitarity) \u7684\u8981\u6c42\u2014\u2014\u5373\u53cd\u61c9\u622a\u9762\u4e0d\u80fd\u96a8\u8457\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u4e00\u76f4\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9ad8\u968e\u9805\u6703\u767c\u6563\u3002\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u4e00\u7f3a\u9ede\uff0c\u6e6f\u5ddd\u79c0\u6a39\uff08Hideki Yukawa\uff0c1907-1981\uff0c1949\u5e74\u7372\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\uff09\u57281935\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u8cea\u5b50\u8207\u4e2d\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u4ea4\u63db\u4ecb\u5b50\u6240\u81f4\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u9806\u4fbf\u63d0\u51fa\u8aaa\uff0c\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u4e5f\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u4ea4\u63db\u4ecb\u5b50\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u5dee\u5225\u53ea\u5728\u4ecb\u5b50\u8207\u96fb\u5b50\u53ca\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u5076\u5408\u5f37\u5ea6\u6bd4\u8d77\u5b83\u8ddf\u8cea\u5b50\u53ca\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u5076\u5408\u5f37\u5ea6\u5c0f\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u5f37\u2013\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u7d71\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6e6f\u5ddd\u7406\u8ad6\u4e2d\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u4ea4\u63db\u4ecb\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u70ba0<\/strong>\uff0c\u4f46\u5149\u5b50\u81ea\u65cb\u70ba1\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u514b\u840a\u6069\u00a0(Oskar Klein, 1894-1977) \u57281938\u5e74\u63d0\u8b70\uff0c\u03b2\u8870\u8b8a\u4e2d\u4ea4\u63db\u4ecb\u5b50\u7684\u81ea\u65cb\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u70ba1\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u57fa\u65bc\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u5f37\u5ea6\u5f88\u5f31\uff0c\u4e14\u4f5c\u7528\u8ddd\u6975\u77ed\uff0c\u63a8\u8ad6\u5176\u8cea\u91cf\u53ef\u80fd\u7d04\u70ba\u8cea\u5b50\u7684100\u500d\uff0c\u5373\u7d04100 GeV\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a31\u6eab\u683c\uff08Julian Schwinger\uff0c1918-1994\uff0c1965\u5e74\u7372\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\uff09\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u5f8c\uff0c\u65bc1956\u5e74\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4ed6\u76f8\u4fe1\u96fb\u78c1\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u5728\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u8ad6\u4e2d\u61c9\u8a72\u6574\u5408\u70ba\u4e00\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u683c\u62c9\u8096 (Sheldon L. Glashow, 1932- )\u3001\u85a9\u62c9\u59c6 (Abdus Salam, 1926-1996)\u3001\u74e6\u5fb7 (John Ward, 1924-2000) \u4ee5\u53ca\u842c\u4f2f\u683c (Steven Weinberg, 1933-2021) \u7684\u947d\u7814\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u78ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u91cd\u6574\u5316\u7684\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u8ad6\uff08\u8a3b\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u524d\u63d0\u662f\u5b83\u5fc5\u9700\u8207\u96fb\u78c1\u4f5c\u7528\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u3002\u7d71\u4e00\u5f8c\u7684\u96fb\u5f31\u5834\u8ad6\uff0c\u6703\u6709\u56db\u500b\u50b3\u905e\u5834\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5149\u5b50\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5404\u5e36\u6709\u96fb\u8377+1\u6216-1\u7684W\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u500b\u4e2d\u6027\u7684Z\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\u3002\u842c\u4f2f\u683c\u4e26\u9810\u6e2c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u8cea\u91cf\u61c9\u70baMW <\/sub>> 40 GeV\uff0cMZ <\/sub>> 80 GeV\u3002<\/p>\n

1979\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\u9812\u7d66\u4e86\u5728\u9019\u9805\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u8ca2\u737b\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e09\u500b\u4eba\uff1a\u683c\u62c9\u8096\u3001\u85a9\u62c9\u59c6\u548c\u842c\u67cf\u683c\u3002\u6b50\u6d32\u6838\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3 (CERN) \u4e5f\u57281983\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u4e86W\u548cZ\u73bb\u8272\u5b50\uff0c\u73fe\u4eca\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u503c\u5206\u5225\u70baMW <\/sub>= 80.38 GeV\uff0cMZ <\/sub>= 91.19 GeV\u3002<\/p>\n

\u842c\u67cf\u683c\u548c\u683c\u62c9\u8096\u90fd\u662f\u7336\u592a\u88d4\uff0c\u5169\u4eba\u4e00\u8d77\u7562\u696d\u65bc\u7d10\u7d04\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5e03\u6717\u514b\u65af (Bronx) \u79d1\u5b78\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u57281954\u5e74\u5f9e\u5eb7\u5948\u723e\u5927\u5b78\u5b8c\u6210\u5b78\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5206\u5225\u5f9e\u666e\u6797\u65af\u6566\uff08\u842c\u67cf\u683c\uff0c1957\u5e74\uff09\u548c\u54c8\u4f5b\uff08\u683c\u62c9\u8096\uff0c1958\u5e74\uff09\u62ff\u5230\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u57281962-1966\u5e74\u9593\u9084\u66fe\u540c\u6642\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u5927\u5b78\u57f7\u6559\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u683c\u62c9\u8096\u56de\u5230\u54c8\u4f5b\u4efb\u6559 (1966-2000)\uff0c\u842c\u67cf\u683c\u5247\u61c9\u8058\u65bc\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662 (1969-1982)\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc1982\u5e74\u8f49\u81f3\u5fb7\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u5967\u65af\u4e01\u5206\u6821\uff0c\u76f4\u81f3\u9000\u4f11\u70ba\u6b62\u3002\u5169\u4eba\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u60c5\u8abc\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u6700\u7d42\u9084\u662f\u56e0\u5b78\u8853\u529f\u52de\u7684\u6b78\u5c6c\u7b49\u4e16\u4fd7\u554f\u984c\u800c\u756b\u4e0b\u53e5\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u85a9\u62c9\u59c6\u662f\u8fc4\u4eca\u70ba\u6b62\u552f\u4e00\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u7684\u56de\u6559\u5f92\uff0c\u975e\u5e38\u8654\u8aa0\u3002\u4ed6\u65bc1926\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u65c1\u906e\u666e\u7701\u7684\u7ae0\u5e02 (Jhang)\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\u662f\u8ca7\u7620\u8fb2\u696d\u5340\u7684\u516c\u52d9\u54e1\uff0c\u5bb6\u6559\u826f\u597d\uff0c\u990a\u6210\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u81ea\u5f8b\u6975\u56b4\uff0c\u5de5\u4f5c\u52e4\u596e\u3002\u4ed6\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u5c55\u73fe\u512a\u7570\u5929\u8ce6\uff0c14\u6b72\u5728\u4f4d\u65bc\u62c9\u5408\u723e\u5e02\u7684\u653f\u5e9c\u5b78\u9662\u5165\u5b78\u8003\u7372\u5f97\u7b2c\u4e00\u540d\uff0c\u56de\u5bb6\u6642\u5168\u57ce\u7684\u4eba\u90fd\u51fa\u4f86\u6b61\u8fce\u4ed6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ed6\u5b8c\u6210\u5b78\u58eb\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u9060\u8d74\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u6df1\u9020\uff0c\u65bc1951\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u4e26\u7acb\u5373\u6574\u88dd\u8fd4\u56de\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u653f\u5e9c\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u3002\u4f46\u56e0\u5ba2\u89c0\u74b0\u5883\u7121\u6cd5\u63a5\u7d0d\u4ed6\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u653f\u6cbb\u52d5\u76ea\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4ed6\u4e43\u57281954\u5e74\u91cd\u56de\u528d\u6a4b\u3002\u4ed6\u5148\u70ba\u6578\u5b78\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u65bc1957\u5e74\u4fbf\u7372\u8058\u70ba\u502b\u6566\u5e1d\u570b\u5b78\u9662\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4ed6\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e3b\u8981\u4fbf\u662f\u4ed6\u65bc1960\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u528d\u6a4b\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u85a9\u62c9\u59c6\u4e00\u76f4\u5fc3\u7e6b\u7956\u570b\uff0c\u7562\u751f\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u63d0\u5347\u5df4\u57fa\u65af\u5766\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6c34\u6e96\u3002\u53e6\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u95dc\u5fc3\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u65bc1964\u5e74\u5728\u806f\u5408\u570b\u53ca\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u652f\u6301\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7684\u91cc\u96c5\u65af\u7279 (Trieste) \u6210\u7acb\u570b\u969b\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff0c\u5728\u5354\u52a9\u3001\u4fc3\u9032\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u570b\u5bb6\u6578\u5b78\u79d1\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u626e\u6f14\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u85a9\u62c9\u59c6\u65bc1996\u5e7411\u6708\u56e0\u8166\u90e8\u75be\u75c5\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u725b\u6d25\u901d\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7470\u6b72\uff1b\u842c\u67cf\u683c\u5247\u57282021\u5e747\u6708\u75c5\u901d\u65bc\u5fb7\u5dde\u5967\u65af\u4e01\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7488\u6b72\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\u8a3b\u91cb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u4e00\uff1a\u898f\u7bc4\u5834\u8ad6 (Gauge field theory) \u6307\u5177\u6709\u898f\u7bc4\u4e0d\u8b8a\u6027 (gauge invariance) \u7684\u5834\u8ad6\u3002\u898f\u7bc4\u4e0d\u8b8a\u6027\u6307\u5834\u8b8a\u6578\u5728\u67d0\u500b\u7fa4\u7684\u8f49\u63db\u4e0b\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u8ad6\u6240\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6642\u7a7a\u9ede\uff0c\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u90fd\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u5728\u9ad8\u4e2d\u7269\u7406\u8ab2\u4e0a\u6703\u4ecb\u7d39\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u7684\u56db\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u662f\uff1a\u91cd\u529b\u3001\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u3001\u5f37\u529b\u3001\u5f31\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u4f60\u77e5\u9053\u55ce\uff1f\u9019\u56db\u5927\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u90fd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f88\u795e\u5947\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u78c1\u5076\u6975\u9593\u4ee5\u53ca\u96fb\u8377\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u90fd\u8ddf\u91cd\u529b\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u8207\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff0c\u9019\u5c31\u662f\u8457\u540d\u7684\u5eab\u4f96\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u5f9e\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u66fe\u5617\u8a66\u5c07\u91cd\u529b\u548c\u96fb\u78c1\u529b\u7d71\u4e00\uff0c\u4f46\u59cb\u7d42\u7121\u679c\u3002\u4f46\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u7684\u7d71\u4e00\u4e0a\uff0c\u537b\u6709\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u7a81\u7834\u3002\u4f8b\u59821935\u5e74\u6e6f\u5ddd\u79c0\u6a39\u4fbf\u66fe\u8a66\u5716\u5c07\u5f37\u2013\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u7d71\u4e00\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u5efa\u7acb\u8d77\u5f31\u96fb\u5834\u8ad6\u7684\u529f\u52de\uff0c\u5247\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u683c\u62c9\u8096\u3001\u85a9\u62c9\u59c6\u548c\u842c\u67cf\u683c\u4e09\u4eba\u7684\u947d\u7814\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":43840,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,3005,39,3145,6443],"tags":[7014,7015,7017,7016,7018,1323],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/\u96fb\u5f31\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u7d71\u4e00.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43839"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=43839"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43839\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":43842,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/43839\/revisions\/43842"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/43840"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=43839"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=43839"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=43839"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}