{"id":43442,"date":"2023-12-12T18:00:36","date_gmt":"2023-12-12T10:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=43442"},"modified":"2023-12-12T16:26:09","modified_gmt":"2023-12-12T08:26:09","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%8f%b2%e6%97%a5%e8%aa%8c%e3%80%911956%e5%b9%b47%e6%9c%8820%e6%97%a5%ef%bc%9a%e5%be%ae%e4%b8%ad%e5%ad%90%e7%9a%84%e7%99%bc%e7%8f%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=43442","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u65e5\u8a8c\u30111956\u5e747\u670820\u65e5\uff1a\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u767c\u73fe"},"content":{"rendered":"

1956\u5e747\u670820\u65e5\uff1a\u745e\u6069\u65af (Frederick Reines) \u548c\u79d1\u5b89 (Clyde Cowan) \u767c\u73fe\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6587\uff5c\u856d\u5982\u73c0\u3001\u694a\u4fe1\u7537\uff08\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u5716\u5de6\u70ba\u745e\u6069\u65af (Frederick Reines)\uff1b\u5716\u53f3\u70ba\u79d1\u5b89 (Clyde Cowan)\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aWikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u8c9d\u514b\u52d2\uff08Antoine Henri Becquerel\uff0c1852-1908\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c1903\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\uff09\u57281896\u5e74\u7121\u610f\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u923e\u9e7d\u5177\u6709\u653e\u5c04\u6027\uff0c\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9996\u6b21\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u6e90\u81ea\u53ea\u670910-15<\/sup> ~ 10-13\u00a0<\/sup>cm\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u73fe\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

1896\u5e74\uff0c\u62c9\u585e\u798f\uff08Ernest Rutherford\uff0c1871-1937\uff0c\u7d10\u897f\u862d\u2013\u82f1\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c1908\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\uff09\u5206\u6790\u923e\u9e7d\u91cb\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u5011\u7d93\u904e\u96fb\u5834\u6642\u6703\u504f\u6298\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u5c04\u7dda\u662f\u7531\u5e36\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u62c9\u585e\u798f\u5c07\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u53ca\u8ca0\u96fb\u7684\u5c04\u7dda\u5206\u5225\u4ee5\u5e0c\u81d8\u5b57\u6bcd\u03b1\u548c\u03b2\u547d\u540d\uff08\u8a3b\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u78ba\u8a8d\u03b2\u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u8207\u9670\u6975\u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u76f8\u540c\u2014\u2014\u5373\u96fb\u5b50\u30021914\u5e74\uff0c\u67e5\u514c\u514b\uff08James Chadwick\uff0c1891-1974\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c1935\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\uff09\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6709\u5225\u65bc\u03b1\u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u7dda\u689d\u72c0\u80fd\u8b5c\uff0c\u03b2\u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u80fd\u8b5c\u5448\u73fe\u9023\u7e8c\u5206\u4f48\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f9d\u7167\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\uff0c\u91cb\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u80fd\u968e\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u4e0d\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u96e2\u6563\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8f3b\u5c04\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u80fd\u8b5c\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u50cf\u03b1\u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u7dda\u689d\u72c0\u80fd\u8b5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u03b2\u5c04\u7dda\u80fd\u8b5c\u5448\u73fe\u4e0d\u5747\u52fb\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u5206\u4f48\u4ee4\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5927\u611f\u56f0\u60d1\uff0c\u6ce2\u8033\uff08Niels Bohr\uff0c1885-1962\uff0c\u4e39\u9ea5\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c1922\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\uff09\u751a\u81f3\u4e00\u5ea6\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8003\u616e\u653e\u68c4\u80fd\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u5b9a\u5f8b\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u53c8\u51fa\u73fe\u53ef\u80fd\u9055\u53cd\u89d2\u52d5\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u7684\u03b2\u8870\u8b8a\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u5305\u7acb\uff08Wolfgang Pauli\uff0c1900-1958\uff0c\u5967\u5730\u5229\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c1945\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\uff09\u4e43\u65bc1931\u5e74\u5927\u81bd\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u8a2d\u8aaa\uff1a\u5728\u03b2\u8870\u8b8a\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8cea\u91cf\u6975\u5c0f\u7684\u4e2d\u6027\u7c92\u5b50\u88ab\u91cb\u51fa\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u5b88\u6046\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53d7\u5230\u67e5\u514c\u514b\u57281932\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u4e2d\u5b50\u53ca\u5176\u03b2\u8870\u8b8a\u7684\u6fc0\u52f5\uff0c\u8cbb\u7c73\uff08Enrico Fermi\uff0c1901-1954\uff0c\u7fa9\u88d4\u7f8e\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c1938\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\uff09\u96a8\u5373\u57281934\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u8457\u540d\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\u03b2\u8870\u8b8a\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ed6\u6cbf\u7528\u96fb\u78c1\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5076\u5408\u5f62\u5f0f\uff1a\u5e36\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\u767c\u5c04\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u5728\u4e2d\u5b50\u7684\u03b2\u8870\u8b8a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4e2d\u5b50\u5728\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u8cea\u5b50\u6642\uff0c\u767c\u5c04\u51fa\u96fb\u5b50\u53ca\u5305\u7acb\u6240\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u4e2d\u6027\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u8cbb\u7c73\u5c07\u6b64\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u4e2d\u6027\u7c92\u5b50\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u300c\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u300d (neutrino)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8cbb\u7c73\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u5728\u6b64\u5f8c\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u90fd\u76f8\u7576\u543b\u5408\uff0c\u552f\u4e00\u7684\u907a\u61be\u662f\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u59cb\u7d42\u4e0d\u898b\u4eba\u5f71\u3002\u7d42\u65bc\u57281956\u5e747\u670820\u65e5\uff0c\u745e\u6069\u65af (Frederick Reines) \u548c\u79d1\u5b89 (Clyde Cowan) \u5ba3\u4f48\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u745e\u6069\u65af\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u90fd\u662f\u5f9e\u4fc4\u570b\u79fb\u6c11\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u65bc1918\u5e74\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u7d10\u6fa4\u897f\u5dde\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\u5e02 (Paterson)\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\u539f\u7d93\u71df\u4e00\u5bb6\u7d72\u7e54\u5ee0\uff0c\u642c\u5230\u54c8\u5f97\u905c\u6cb3\u897f\u5cb8\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u57ce\u5e0c\u723e\u672c (Hillburn) \u5f8c\u6539\u958b\u96dc\u8ca8\u5e97\u3002\u7ae5\u5e74\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u745e\u6069\u65af\u559c\u6b61\u52d5\u624b\u505a\u6771\u897f\uff0c\u4e5f\u53c3\u52a0\u5408\u5531\u5718\uff0c\u958b\u5553\u4ed6\u4e00\u751f\u5c0d\u5531\u6b4c\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u7684\u611b\u597d\uff1b\u4ed6\u4e5f\u66fe\u900f\u904e\u7528\u624b\u6372\u6210\u7684\u7e2b\u770b\u5915\u967d\uff0c\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5149\u7684\u5947\u5999\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u4e8c\u500b\u54e5\u54e5\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u59ca\u59ca\u90fd\u5f88\u52e4\u596e\u597d\u5b78\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5bb6\u4e2d\u5f88\u591a\u66f8\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u6c23\u6c1b\u6fc3\u539a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u745e\u6069\u65af\u5728\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u6642\u671f\u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u7ae5\u5b50\u8ecd\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u9084\u6649\u5347\u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u968e\u7684\u9df9\u7d1a\u3002\u6b64\u6642\u4ed6\u5c0d\u79d1\u5b78\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u5f9e\u982d\u7d44\u88dd\u96fb\u6676\u9ad4\u6536\u97f3\u6a5f\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u9032\u5165\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6642\uff0c\u5168\u5bb6\u53c8\u642c\u56de\u5e15\u7279\u68ee\uff0c\u8d77\u5148\u4ed6\u5c0d\u6587\u5b78\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u7406\u79d1\u8868\u73fe\u5e73\u5e73\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u9ad8\u4e8c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u4f4d\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u5553\u767c\u6307\u5c0e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5728\u7562\u696d\u7d00\u5ff5\u518a\u4e0a\u5beb\u4e0b\u300c\u7acb\u5fd7\u7576\u5927\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96d6\u7136\u745e\u6069\u65af\u53ef\u4ee5\u5165\u5b78\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e00\u4f4d\u62db\u751f\u4eba\u54e1\u71b1\u5fc3\u7684\u722d\u53d6\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ed6\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u53f2\u8482\u82ac\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u5b8c\u6210\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u58eb\u548c\u78a9\u58eb\uff0c\u518d\u8f49\u81f3\u7d10\u7d04\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u57281944\u5e74\u4ee5\u3008\u6db2\u6ef4\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u3009\u8ad6\u6587\u7372\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u96a8\u5373\u88ab\u62db\u52df\u5230\u6d1b\u8272\u62c9\u83ab\u58eb\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4 (Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory) \u53c3\u8207\u66fc\u54c8\u9813\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u5728\u8cbb\u66fc\u7684\u9818\u5c0e\u4e0b\uff0c\u64d4\u4efb\u7406\u8ad6\u7d44\u9577\u3002\u4e8c\u6b21\u5927\u6230\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7559\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u76f4\u52301959\u5e74\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u6838\u7206\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

1951\u5e74\uff0c\u745e\u6069\u65af\u4f11\u5047\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u601d\u8003\u4ed6\u9577\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8981\u5c0b\u627e\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002\u4ed6\u57281947\u5e74\u4fbf\u66fe\u6709\u90a3\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u6642\u6a5f\u4e0d\u5c0d\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u4ed6\u4e0b\u5b9a\u6c7a\u5fc3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5e78\u904b\u5730\u627e\u5230\u540c\u5728\u6d1b\u8272\u62c9\u83ab\u58eb\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u79d1\u5b89\uff0c\u9858\u610f\u548c\u4ed6\u651c\u624b\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b89 (Clyde Cowan) \u5c0f\u745e\u6069\u65af\u4e00\u6b72\uff0c\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u5e95\u7279\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8056\u8def\u6613\u65af\u9577\u5927\uff0c1940\u5e74\u7372\u5bc6\u8607\u91cc\u7926\u696d\u51b6\u91d1\u5b78\u9662\u5b78\u58eb\uff0c\u4e3b\u4fee\u5316\u5de5\u3002\u4ed6\u96a8\u5373\u5165\u4f0d\u9678\u8ecd\u5316\u5b78\u5175\u90e8\u968a\uff0c\u4efb\u8077\u5c11\u5c09\uff0c1942\u5e74\u516b\u6708\u96a8\u7f8e\u8ecd\u7b2c\u516b\u822a\u7a7a\u968a\u6d3e\u99d0\u82f1\u570b\u30021945\u5e74\uff0c\u79d1\u5b89\u8abf\u56de\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u6b21\u5e74\u9000\u4f0d\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u9032\u5165\u5728\u8056\u8def\u6613\u65af\u7684\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5927\u5b78\uff1b1949\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7372\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u4e26\u5373\u7372\u8058\u52a0\u5165\u6d1b\u8272\u62c9\u83ab\u58eb\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u745e\u6069\u65af\u548c\u79d1\u5b89\u4e8c\u4eba\u8d77\u5148\u8003\u616e\u4ee5\u6838\u8a66\u7206\u70ba\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6e90\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5728\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5dde\u54c8\u4f5b\u5fb7\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7210\u6bd4\u8f03\u5408\u9069\u30021953\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u54c8\u4f5b\u5fb7\u9032\u884c\u9996\u6b21\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u521d\u6b65\u6b63\u9762\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u60e0\u52d2\uff08John Wheeler\uff0c1911-2008\uff0c\u666e\u6797\u65af\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5b97\u5e2b\uff09\u544a\u77e5\u4ed6\u5011\u5357\u5361\u7f85\u840a\u7d0d\u5dde\u85a9\u51e1\u7d0d\u6cb3 (Savanah River) \u6b63\u5728\u5efa\u9020\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7210\u6703\u66f4\u9069\u5408\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5011\u57281955\u5e74\u5c07\u6574\u5957\u8a2d\u5099\u6539\u826f\u79fb\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u5728\u9694\u5e74\u78ba\u5b9a\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u96fb\u5b50\u53cd\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50 (electron antineutrino)\uff0c\u4e26\u7acb\u5373\u5c07\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u8868\u57287\u670820\u65e5\u51fa\u520a\u7684\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u300b\u671f\u520a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u745e\u6069\u65af\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff0c\u5728\u03b2\u8870\u8b8a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b50\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u8cea\u5b50\u6642\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u5c04\u51fa\u96fb\u5b50\u548c\u53cd\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u53cd\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u649e\u64ca\u8cea\u5b50\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u4e2d\u5b50\u548c\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5982\u679c\u5c07\u6c2b\u9776\u653e\u7f6e\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u7210\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u540c\u6642\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u4e2d\u5b50\u548c\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\uff0c\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u662f\u53cd\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u649e\u64ca\u4e86\u8cea\u5b50\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\u5bb9\u6613\u89c0\u6e2c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u78b0\u5230\u7269\u8cea\u5167\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u76f8\u4e92\u6e6e\u6ec5\u800c\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u4e8c\u500b\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b50\u5247\u662f\u4ee5\u6c2f\u5316\u9398\u6eb6\u6db2\u52a0\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u5f8c\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5149\u5b50\uff0c\u53ef\u85c9\u6b64\u52a0\u4ee5\u91cf\u6e2c\u3002\u6839\u64da\u4f30\u8a08\uff0c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7522\u751f\u5149\u5b50\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5dee\u7d04\u70ba10\u5fae\u79d2 (\u03bcs)\uff0c\u5fc5\u9700\u4ed4\u7d30\u5206\u8fa8\u6db2\u9583\u720d\u5075\u6aa2\u5668\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\u4e8c\u500b\u5149\u5b50\u4fe1\u865f\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u78ba\u7acb\u4ed6\u5011\u6e90\u81ea\u4e0a\u8ff0\u53cd\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u649e\u64ca\u8cea\u5b50\u7684\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u79d1\u5b89\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u675f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4fbf\u96e2\u958b\u6d1b\u8272\u62c9\u6469\u65af\uff0c\u5148\u662f\u5230\u55ac\u6cbb\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u4e00\u5e74\u5f8c\u518d\u8f49\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u5929\u4e3b\u6559\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u4ed6\u57281974\u5e74\u5fc3\u81df\u75c5\u7a81\u767c\u904e\u4e16\uff0c\u4eab\u5e7454\u6b72\u3002<\/p>\n

1959\u5e74\uff0c\u745e\u6069\u65af\u4e5f\u96e2\u958b\u4e86\u6d1b\u6c99\u62c9\u83ab\u58eb\uff0c\u5230\u514b\u5229\u592b\u862d\u51f1\u65af\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u64d4\u4efb\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u4e3b\u4efb\uff0c\u57281966\u5e74\u4ed6\u53c8\u61c9\u9080\u5230\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u723e\u7063\u5206\u6821\u53bb\u5275\u7acb\u7269\u7406\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\uff0c\u4e26\u51fa\u4efb\u9662\u9577\uff0c\u76f4\u52301974\u5e74\u5378\u4efb\u9662\u9577\uff0c\u4e26\u57281987\u5e74\u9000\u4f11\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u51f1\u65af\u53ca\u52a0\u5927\u723e\u7063\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u90fd\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u5718\u968a\u5f9e\u4e8b\u8ddf\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u9818\u57df\u3002\u5728\u51f1\u65af\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5718\u968a\u4fbf\u5728\u5357\u975e\u4e00\u500b\u91d1\u7926\u9996\u6b21\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u7531\u5b87\u5b99\u5c04\u7dda\u5728\u5927\u6c23\u5c64\u81f4\u751f\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u3002\u5728\u52a0\u5927\u723e\u7063\u7684\u5718\u968a\u8207\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u2013\u5e03\u9b6f\u514b\u8d6b\u6587\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4 (Irvine-Michigan-Brookhaven) \u5408\u7d44\u7684\u5718\u968a (\u7c21\u7a31 IMB) \u4e5f\u8207\u65e5\u672c\u795e\u5ca1\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u63a2\u6e2c\u5be6\u9a57\u7d44\u540c\u6642\u89c0\u6e2c\u5230\u8d85\u65b0\u661f1987A\u7206\u70b8\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u540c\u7372\u7f8e\u570b\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u6703\u9812\u767cBruno Rossi\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u745e\u6069\u65af\u9084\u505a\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5982\u5c0b\u627e\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u6b98\u7559\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u3001\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u6bdb\u58eb\u5305\u6548\u61c9\u3001\u7cbe\u6e96\u6e2c\u91cf\u91cd\u529b\u5e38\u6578G\u3001\u9020\u7403\u72c0\u592a\u7a7a\u671b\u9060\u93e1\u3001\u6aa2\u9a57\u5305\u7acb\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u3001\u4ee5\u8d85\u97f3\u6ce2\u63a2\u6e2c\u5927\u8166\u7b49\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5148\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5145\u4efd\u53cd\u6620\u51fa\u4ed6\u5c0d\u79d1\u5b78\u6df1\u6c89\u7684\u597d\u5947\u53ca\u71b1\u611b\u3002\u4ed6\u66fe\u81ea\u627f\uff08\u8a3b\u4e8c\uff09:\u300c\u6211\u6bcf\u665a\u5c31\u5be2\u524d\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u632a\u51fa\u7d0430\u5206\u9418\u6c89\u601d\uff0c\u60f3\u770b\u770b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u53ef\u505a\u3002\u300d\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u53c3\u8003\u7684\u7fd2\u6163\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e4b\u9918\uff0c\u745e\u6069\u65af\u6700\u5927\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u662f\u5f9e\u5c0f\u57f9\u990a\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\u548c\u6232\u5287\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u6b4c\u5531\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u8ddf\u5927\u90fd\u6703\u6b4c\u5287\u9662\u8072\u6a02\u8001\u5e2b\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u9084\u4e00\u5ea6\u60f3\u8d70\u6b4c\u5531\u751f\u6daf\u3002\u5728\u6d1b\u8272\u62c9\u83ab\u58eb\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u4ee5\u4e3b\u89d2\u53c3\u8207\u300a\u98a8\u7684\u50b3\u4eba\u300b\u7684\u6f14\u51fa\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u53c3\u52a0\u4e86\u514b\u91cc\u592b\u862d\u4ea4\u97ff\u6a02\u5718\u7684\u5408\u5531\u968a\uff0c\u6578\u5ea6\u5728\u7f85\u4f2f\u7279\u00b7\u856d (Robert Shaw) \u548c\u55ac\u6cbb\uff0e\u585e\u723e\u00b7(George Szell) \u6307\u63ee\u4e0b\u6f14\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fae\u4e2d\u5b50\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u88ab\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u4e09\u7a2e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f8\u4e92\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u8a31\u591a\u9700\u8981\u91d0\u6e05\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u71b1\u9580\u9818\u57df\u3002<\/p>\n

\u745e\u6069\u65af\u57281980\u5e74\u7372\u9078\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u58eb\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u537b\u7b49\u4e86\u5c07\u8fd140\u5e74\u624d\u57281995\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c11\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u9072\u4e86\u4e9b\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u79d1\u5b89\u5df2\u904e\u4e16\u4e8621\u5e74\uff0c\u800c\u745e\u6069\u65af\u4e5f\u5df2\u662f\u4e45\u75c5\u7e8f\u8eab\uff0c\u65bc\u4e09\u5e74\u5f8c1998\u5e74\u96e2\u4e16\u3002\u52a0\u5927\u723e\u7063\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5929\u6587\u7cfb\u9928\u70ba\u4e86\u7d00\u5ff5\u4ed6\uff0c\u4ee5\u745e\u6069\u65af\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\u8a3b\u91cb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u4e00\uff1a\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e2d\u6027\u7684\u03b3\u5c04\u7dda\u7531\u7dad\u62c9\u5fb7\uff08Paul Villard\uff0c1860-1934\uff0c\u6cd5\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u53ca\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff09\u57281900\u5e74\u7814\u7a76\u9433\u7684\u653e\u5c04\u7dda\u6642\u767c\u73fe\u7684,\u4e5f\u662f\u7531\u62c9\u585e\u798f\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u4e8c\uff1a1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u745e\u6069\u65af\u61c9\u570b\u79d1\u6703\u9080\u8acb\u8a2a\u81fa\uff0c\u53c3\u8a2a\u81fa\u5927\u6642\u804a\u5929\u6240\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

\u7de8\u8f2f\u7684\u8a71<\/p>\n

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