{"id":40599,"date":"2022-08-26T08:00:45","date_gmt":"2022-08-26T00:00:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=40599"},"modified":"2022-08-20T13:35:57","modified_gmt":"2022-08-20T05:35:57","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%8f%b2%e4%b8%8a%e7%9a%84%e5%85%ab%e6%9c%88%e3%80%911932-%e5%b9%b4-8-%e6%9c%88%ef%bc%9a%e6%ad%a3%e9%9b%bb%e5%ad%90%e7%9a%84%e7%99%bc%e7%8f%be","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=40599","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7269\u7406\u53f2\u4e0a\u7684\u516b\u6708\u30111932 \u5e74 8 \u6708\uff1a\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u767c\u73fe"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>1932 <\/strong><strong>\u5e74 8 <\/strong><strong>\u6708\uff1a\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u767c\u73fe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><strong>\u6587\uff5c\u856d\u5982\u73c0\u3001\u694a\u4fe1\u7537\uff08\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\uff09\uff08<\/strong><strong>\u8b6f\u81ea <em>APS News<\/em>\uff0c2004 \u5e74 8 \u6708<\/strong><strong>\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u300a\u661f\u969b\u5947\u822a\u300b\uff08<em>Star Trek<\/em>\uff09\u7684\u5275\u4f5c\u8005\u7f85\u767b\u8c9d\u745e\uff08Gene Roddenberry\uff09\u7d50\u5408\u5927\u91cf\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u65bc\u5176\u865b\u69cb\u79d1\u5e7b\u5f71\u8996\u7cfb\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u662f\u53f2\u4e0a\u6700\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5f71\u96c6\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7269\u8cea\uff0f\u53cd\u7269\u8cea\u5f15\u64ce\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u555f\u52d5\u300c\u4f01\u696d\u865f\u300d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5176\u865b\u64ec\u7684\u822a\u901f\u6bd4\u5149\u901f\u9084\u5feb\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1928 \u5e74\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u72c4\u62c9\u514b\uff08Paul Dirac\uff09\u7531\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u63a8\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u7c92\u5b50\u7686\u6709\u4e00\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u53cd\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u5176\u8cea\u91cf\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u4f46\u5e36\u8457\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u96fb\u8377\uff0c\u5f62\u540c\u4e00\u7d44\u5b7f\u751f\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7af6\u76f8\u5c0b\u627e\u6b64\u5047\u8a2d\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u7531\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Carl D. Anderson\uff09\u52dd\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_40601\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-40601\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-40601\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Carl_anderson.1937.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Carl_anderson.1937.jpg 250w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/Carl_anderson.1937-181x300.jpg 181w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 250px) 100vw, 250px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-40601\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Carl D. Anderson\uff09\uff5cFrom Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u65bc 1905 \u5e74\u8a95\u751f\u5728\u7d10\u7d04\uff0c\u7236\u6bcd\u662f\u745e\u5178\u4eba\uff08\u8b6f\u8005\u6309\uff1a\u539f\u6587\u8aa4\u70ba\u745e\u58eb\u4eba\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u4ed6 7 \u6b72\u6642\uff0c\u8209\u5bb6\u9077\u5f80\u6d1b\u6749\u78ef\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e45\u7236\u6bcd\u96e2\u7570\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5f88\u65e9\u5373\u9700\u5e6b\u5fd9\u8ca0\u64d4\u5bb6\u8a08\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u5f97\u4ee5\u9032\u5165\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u63a5\u53d7\u5927\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u8d77\u5148\u4ed6\u60f3\u653b\u8b80\u96fb\u6a5f\u5de5\u7a0b\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e0a\u904e\u4e00\u9580\u7279\u5225\u6709\u555f\u767c\u6027\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8ab2\u7a0b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6539\u8b80\u7269\u7406\u3002\u6700\u5f8c\u4ed6\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u7372\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\uff08\u5373\u70ba\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u7269\u7406\u5b78\uff09\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5927\u534a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u6daf\u90fd\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u5ea6\u904e\uff0c\u4ed6\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76 X \u5149\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u8d6b\u65af\uff08Victor Hess\uff09\u65bc 1930 \u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5373\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u6069\u5e2b\u5bc6\u7acb\u6839\uff08Robert A. Millikan\uff09\u7684\u5efa\u8b70\u4e0b\uff0c\u8f49\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u9ad8\u80fd\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u3002\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u505a\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u300c\u96f2\u9727\u5ba4\u300d\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u77ed\u7684\u5713\u67f1\uff0c\u5169\u7aef\u7531\u73bb\u7483\u677f\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5167\u90e8\u5247\u662f\u6c34\u84b8\u6c23\u6c23\u9ad4\u3002\u7576\u5e36\u96fb\u7684\u96e2\u5b50\u901a\u904e\u96f2\u9727\u5ba4\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u7559\u4e0b\u6c34\u6ef4\u7684\u75d5\u8de1\uff0c\u53ef\u7d93\u7531\u651d\u5f71\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u900f\u904e\u6e2c\u91cf\u6c34\u6ef4\u7684\u5bc6\u5ea6\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ef\u64da\u4ee5\u63a8\u6e2c\u96fb\u8377\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6e38\u96e2\u91cf\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u5f97\u77e5\u901a\u904e\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u7a2e\u985e\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u7d93\u904e\u6539\u826f\u5f8c\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u4ed6\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u96f2\u9727\u5ba4\uff0c\u88cf\u9762\u9084\u88dd\u4e0a\u4e00\u6d3b\u585e\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u58d3\u529b\u6025\u901f\u964d\u4f4e\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u5ba4\u5167\u7684\u6c34\u6c23\u6df7\u5408\u9152\u7cbe\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u651d\u5f71\u7684\u6548\u679c\u6bd4\u540c\u884c\u5011\u7684\u8981\u597d\u5f88\u591a\u3002\u4ed6\u518d\u5c07\u96f2\u9727\u5ba4\u7e5e\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u96fb\u78c1\u9435\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u5f97\u96fb\u96e2\u5b50\u7684\u8ecc\u8de1\u5448\u73fe\u5713\u5f27\u5f62\uff1b\u518d\u91cf\u51fa\u8ecc\u8de1\u7684\u66f2\u7387\uff08\u6216\u534a\u5f91\uff09\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u7b97\u51fa\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u52d5\u91cf\u800c\u6e2c\u51fa\u5176\u6240\u5e36\u7684\u96fb\u8377\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u651d\u5f71\u7d50\u679c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5927\u5403\u4e00\u9a5a\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\u7522\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u5e36\u6b63\u3001\u8ca0\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u4e2d\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u4e26\u975e\u5982\u5927\u5bb6\u6240\u9810\u671f\u7684\u662f\u8cea\u5b50\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u679c\u771f\u662f\u8cea\u5b50\uff0c\u800c\u5b83\u53c8\u5e36\u6709\u7531\u5176\u8ecc\u8de1\u7684\u534a\u5f91\u6240\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u52d5\u91cf\uff08\u6216\u901f\u5ea6\uff09\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u5b83\u5728\u505c\u6b62\u4e4b\u524d\u6240\u8d70\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u6bd4\u5be6\u969b\u770b\u5230\u7684\u77ed\u5f88\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u548c\u5bc6\u7acb\u6839\u56e0\u6b64\u63a8\u6e2c\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u671d\u53cd\u65b9\u5411\u904b\u52d5\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u70ba\u4e86\u6e2c\u8a66\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5c31\u5728\u96f2\u9727\u5ba4\u88cf\u653e\u4e86\u4e00\u584a\u925b\u677f\uff0c\u7576\u7c92\u5b50\u901a\u904e\u925b\u677f\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u5f9e\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6240\u5e36\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6bd4\u901a\u904e\u524d\u5c11\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u63a8\u6e2c\u51fa\u5176\u884c\u9032\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1932 \u5e74 8 \u6708\uff0c\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u5c07\u96f2\u9727\u5ba4\u88cf\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u5df2\u77e5\u70ba\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\uff09\u901a\u904e\u925b\u584a\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7167\u7247\u8a18\u9304\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u78ba\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u671d\u4e0a\u884c\u9032\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u96d6\u7136\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u5c0d\u6b64\u5047\u8a2d\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u8cea\u7591\u7684\u8072\u6d6a\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e74\u5c31\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u8b49\u5be6\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\u662f\u4f3d\u746a\u5c04\u7dda\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u7269\u8cea\u6642\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u7d44\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u8207\u8ca0\u96fb\u8377\u96fb\u5b50\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_40600\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-40600\" style=\"width: 400px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-40600\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/\u7269\u7406\u53f2\u516b\u6708\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"393\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/\u7269\u7406\u53f2\u516b\u6708\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50.png 472w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/08\/\u7269\u7406\u53f2\u516b\u6708\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50-300x295.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 400px) 100vw, 400px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-40600\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photo Credit: Carl D. Anderson, Physical Review Vol.43, p491 (1933)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400; padding-left: 80px; text-align: left;\">\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u65bc 1932 \u5e74\u5728\u96f2\u9727\u5ba4\u4e2d\u6240\u651d\u5f97\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u53cd\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5716\u4e2d\u53ef\u898b\u7c92\u5b50\u5f9e\u4e0b\u9762\u9032\u5165\uff0c\u901a\u904e\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u925b\u7248\uff0c\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5f80\u4e0a\u884c\u9032\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u8ecc\u9053\u66f2\u7387\u8f03\u5927(\u534a\u5f91\u8f03\u5c0f)\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u5b83\u640d\u5931\u80fd\u91cf\u5f8c\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u8b8a\u6162\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u6b64\u767c\u73fe\u8b93\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee\u65bc 1936 \u5e74\u8207\u8d6b\u65af\u5206\u4eab\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u5e74\u50c5 31 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Ring\uff0cLEAR\uff09\u4f7f\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u6e1b\u901f\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u52a0\u901f\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\u548c\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u914d\u5c0d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u7522\u751f9\u500b\u53cd\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u50c5\u6301\u7e8c\u5341\u5104\u5206\u4e4b 40\uff0840\u00d710<sup>-9<\/sup>\uff09\u79d2\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684 3 \u5e74\u9593\uff0cCERN\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u6bcf\u5c0f\u6642\u6700\u591a\u53ef\u4ee5\u7522\u751f 2,000 \u500b\u53cd\u6c2b\u539f\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u9019\u6a23\u4ecd\u7121\u6cd5\u9054\u5230\u53ef\u5be6\u969b\u61c9\u7528\u6240\u9700\u7684\u53cd\u7269\u8cea\u63a8\u9032\u5291\u3002\u8981\u5230\u9054\u661f\u969b\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u5730\u9700\u8981\u597d\u591a\u5678\u7684\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\uff0c\u800c CERN \u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u4e00\u5e74\u6240\u751f\u7522\u7684\u53cd\u8cea\u5b50\u50c5\u5920 100 \u74e6\u7684\u96fb\u71c8\u4eae 3 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