{"id":39916,"date":"2022-05-20T08:00:56","date_gmt":"2022-05-20T00:00:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=39916"},"modified":"2022-05-12T09:56:13","modified_gmt":"2022-05-12T01:56:13","slug":"%e6%88%90%e5%b0%b1%e7%be%a4%e9%ab%94%e7%9a%84%e7%b4%b0%e8%83%9e%e6%80%a7%e9%bb%8f%e8%8f%8c%ef%bc%8c%e5%a6%82%e4%bd%95%e5%b0%8d%e4%bb%98%e5%8f%9b%e5%be%92%ef%bc%81","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=39916","title":{"rendered":"\u6210\u5c31\u7fa4\u9ad4\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u6027\u9ecf\u83cc\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u4ed8\u53db\u5f92\uff01"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c0d\u7d30\u80de\u6027\u9ecf\u83cc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u7fa4\u9ad4\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u89aa\u5c6c\u9078\u64c7\u53ef\u80fd\u4f75\u884c\u3002<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u8a31\u7fe0\u5ead<\/strong><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aErnst Haeckel 1904<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u25cf \u8b93\u9054\u723e\u6587\u767e\u601d\u4e0d\u5f97\u5176\u89e3\u7684\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u70ba\u4e4b\u8b0e<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u666e\u7f85\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u9078\u64c7\uff08natural selection\uff09\u7684\u7406\u89e3\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u90fd\u4e0d\u812b\u300c\u7269\u7af6\u5929\u64c7\uff0c\u9069\u8005\u751f\u5b58\u300d\u9019\u516b\u500b\u5b57\u7684\u7bb4\u8a00\uff0c\u5f77\u5f7f\u300c\u81ea\u79c1\u300d\u624d\u662f\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u9435\u5f8b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u653e\u773c\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u751f\u7269\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u72a7\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u6210\u5168\u5225\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u76f8\u7576\u5e38\u898b\u3002\u5f9e\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u879e\u87fb\u7121\u79c1\u7684\u5949\u737b\u5973\u738b\uff0c\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u72a7\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u4f5c\u6230\uff0c\u5229\u4ed6\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5c64\u51fa\u4e0d\u7aae\u3002
\n 
\n\u81ea\u7136\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\u8005\u9054\u723e\u6587\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u4ed6\u5fc5\u9808\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5408\u7406\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u8aaa\u670d\u5927\u773e\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u9078\u64c7\u300d\u662f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u81ea\u7136\u9078\u64c7\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u591a\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u4e0d\u9069\u61c9\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u300c\u500b\u9ad4\u300d\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e0d\u9069\u61c9\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u300c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u300d\u4e5f\u662f\u5929\u64c7\u6dd8\u6c70\u7684\u5c0d\u8c61\u3002\u300d\u5047\u8a2d\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u5169\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u61c2\u5f97\u4e92\u76f8\u5408\u4f5c\u5229\u4ed6\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65cf\u7fa4\u5247\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u500b\u9ad4\u90fd\u81ea\u79c1\u81ea\u5229\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u61c2\u5f97\u5408\u4f5c\u5229\u4ed6\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u81ea\u7136\u9078\u64c7\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\uff0c\u81ea\u79c1\u81ea\u5229\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u70ba\u5167\u8017\u800c\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\uff0c\u6982\u5ff5\u5c31\u8ddf\u4e0d\u9069\u61c9\u74b0\u5883\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u6703\u88ab\u6dd8\u6c70\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u9078\u64c7(group selection)\u300d\u3002
\n 
\n\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u9078\u64c7\u4e5f\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u5949\u884c\u5229\u4ed6\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u793e\u6703\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u8106\u5f31\u7684\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u7a81\u8b8a\u6216\u662f\u5916\u4f86\u7684\u81ea\u79c1\u500b\u9ad4\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u500b\u9ad4\u5c31\u6703\u5360\u76e1\u6240\u6709\u7684\u597d\u8655\uff0c\u7e41\u884d\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u5f8c\u4ee3\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u5f8c\u4ee3\u4e5f\u90fd\u50cf\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7236\u6bcd\u4e00\u6a23\u81ea\u79c1\u3002\u4e45\u800c\u4e45\u4e4b\uff0c\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u4e5f\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u81ea\u79c1\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u3002
\n 
\n\u65e2\u7136\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u90a3\u5229\u4ed6\u7684\u7fa4\u9ad4\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7dad\u6301\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5462\uff1f\u6f22\u5f4c\u9813\uff08W D Hamilton\uff09\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u6703\u72a7\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u89aa\u5c6c\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u89aa\u5c6c\u4e4b\u9593\u542b\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u72a7\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u3001\u4fdd\u8b77\u89aa\u5c6c\u7684\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u88ab\u5929\u64c7\u4fdd\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u89aa\u5c6c\u9078\u64c7\uff08Kin selection\uff09\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u89aa\u5c6c\u9078\u64c7\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u5c0d\u7acb\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\uff0c\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u7406\u8ad6\u771f\u7684\u4e0d\u6703\u4e26\u5b58\u55ce\uff1f\u7b54\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u51fa\u5728\u4e0d\u8d77\u773c\u7684\u5c0f\u751f\u7269\u2500\u2500\u9ecf\u83cc\u8eab\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n

 
\n\u25cf \u6368\u5df1\u70ba\u4eba\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u6027\u9ecf\u83cc<\/strong><\/span>
\n\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u90fd\u4ee5\u70ba\u9ecf\u83cc\u5c6c\u65bc\u771f\u83cc\uff0c\u4f46\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u5011\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u83cc\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4e00\u7fa4\u6c92\u6709\u5171\u540c\u7956\u5148\uff0c\u4f46\u751f\u6d3b\u578b\u614b\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u539f\u751f\u751f\u7269\u3002\u9ecf\u83cc\u5206\u6210\u5169\u7a2e\uff1a\u539f\u751f\u8cea\u9ad4\u9ecf\u83cc\uff08plasmodial slime molds\uff09\u548c\u7d30\u80de\u6027\u9ecf\u83cc\uff08cellular slime molds\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u751f\u8cea\u9ad4\u9ecf\u83cc\u5e73\u6642\u662f\u4e00\u5718\u8089\u773c\u53ef\u898b\u7684\u591a\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\uff0c\u6703\u5230\u8655\u722c\u52d5\u5c0b\u627e\u98df\u7269\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u8981\u7e41\u6b96\u6642\u6703\u9577\u51fa\u9802\u7aef\u6709\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca\u7684\u5b50\u5be6\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e26\u6563\u767c\u51fa\u5b62\u5b50\uff1b\u7d30\u80de\u6027\u9ecf\u83cc\u5e73\u6642\u5247\u662f\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u72c0\u614b\uff0c\u5404\u81ea\u56db\u8655\u8993\u98df\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u8981\u7e41\u6b96\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u6563\u767c\u51fa\u5316\u5b78\u8a0a\u865f\uff0c\u628a\u5404\u8655\u7684\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u96c6\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\uff0c\u7d44\u5408\u6210\u4e00\u96bb\u6709\u9ede\u50cf\u86de\u8753\u7684\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u3002\u9019\u96bb\u300c\u985e\u86de\u8753\u300d\u6703\u722c\u5230\u9069\u5b9c\u7e41\u6b96\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8b8a\u5f62\u3001\u9577\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u67c4\u7684\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca\uff0c\u6563\u4f48\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u9ecf\u83cc\u5b62\u5b50\u3002
\n <\/p>\n

\"\"\u539f\u751f\u8cea\u9ad4\u9ecf\u83cc\uff5c\u4f86\u6e90\uff1awikipedia<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u5929\u7684\u4e3b\u89d2\u5c31\u662f\u5f8c\u8005\u2500\u2500\u7d30\u80de\u6027\u9ecf\u83cc\u3002\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u6027\u9ecf\u83cc\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u5176\u5404\u81ea\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u90fd\u60f3\u628a\u57fa\u56e0\u50b3\u884d\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\u8d77\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7684\u9ecf\u83cc\u6210\u70ba\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u537b\u53ea\u6709\u6709\u5e78\u6210\u70ba\u5b62\u5b50\u7684\u9ecf\u83cc\u7d30\u80de\u80fd\u7e41\u884d\u5f8c\u4ee3\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u67c4\u548c\u5b62\u5b50\u56ca\u7684\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u9ed8\u9ed8\u4e7e\u67af\u6b7b\u53bb\u3002
\n 
\n\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u662f\u5f88\u5049\u5927\u7684\u60c5\u64cd\uff0c\u5c0d\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff1f\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u9ecf\u83cc\u7576\u4e2d\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u53db\u5f92\u7684\u3002
\n <\/p>\n

\u25cf \u9ecf\u83cc\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u4e2d\u51fa\u4e86\u80cc\u53db\u8005\u3002\u300d<\/span><\/strong>
\n\u82f1\u570b\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6851\u6258\u745e\u91cc\uff08Lorenzo A Santorelli\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5718\u968a\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u6027\u9ecf\u83ccDictyostelium discoideum\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u4f5c\u5f0a\u57fa\u56e0\u300d\uff0c\u7a31\u70bachtB\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u64c1\u6709chtB\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u9ecf\u83cc\u6703\u6291\u5236\u5176\u4ed6\u9ecf\u83cc\u6210\u70ba\u5b62\u5b50\u7684\u6f5b\u529b\uff0c\u597d\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u5b62\u5b50\u3002\u6709\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u7121\u826f\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u5728\u7fa4\u9ad4\u88e1\uff0c\u8aa0\u5be6\u7684\u666e\u901a\u9ecf\u83cc\u5011\u8b8a\u6210\u5b62\u5b50\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u5c31\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u3002
\n 
\n\u770b\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u89ba\u5f97\u5f88\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e0d\u542bchtB\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u666e\u901a\u9ecf\u83cc\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u6ec5\u7d55\u5462\uff1f
\n 
\n\u5176\u5be6\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u9ecf\u83cc\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u624b\u6bb5\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u4ed8\u542b\u6709chtB\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u4f5c\u5f0a\u9ecf\u83cc\u7684\u3002\u6839\u64da\u7f8e\u570b\u4e9e\u6b77\u6851\u7d0d\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u54c8\u5fb7\u68ee\uff08Richard Ellis Hudson\uff09\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5718\u968a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u9ecf\u83cc\u4e5f\u6703\u5206\u6ccc\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4f86\u6291\u5236\u4f5c\u5f0a\u9ecf\u83cc\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u96c6\u5408\u6210\u540c\u4e00\u96bb\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u300c\u985e\u86de\u8753\u300d\u7684\u9ecf\u83cc\u5011\uff0c\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6709\u89aa\u7de3\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u7576\u4f5c\u5f0a\u9ecf\u83cc\u8b8a\u6210\u5b62\u5b50\u6563\u5e03\u51fa\u53bb\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u9806\u4fbf\u6563\u4f48\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u9ecf\u83cc\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u9ecf\u83cc\u53d7\u5230\u7fa4\u9ad4\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d7\u5230\u89aa\u5c6c\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002
\n 
\n\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u9ecf\u83cc\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u7fa4\u9ad4\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u89aa\u5c6c\u9078\u64c7\u662f\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u4e26\u5b58\u7684\u3002\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u9ecf\u83cc\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u542b\u6709\u751f\u7269\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u5967\u79d8\u5462\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Hudson et al. The American Naturalist. 2001. Altruism, Cheating, and Anticheater Adaptations in Cellular Slime Molds. <\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Santorelli et al. BMC Ecology and Evolution. 2013. A new social gene in Dictyostelium discoideum, chtB<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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