{"id":39227,"date":"2018-06-04T00:00:27","date_gmt":"2018-06-03T16:00:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=39227"},"modified":"2022-01-05T01:59:20","modified_gmt":"2022-01-04T17:59:20","slug":"ai%e3%80%81%e4%ba%ba%e9%a1%9e%e8%88%87%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=39227","title":{"rendered":"AI\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u793e\u6703"},"content":{"rendered":"<header class=\"post-header clr\"><\/header>\n<div class=\"entry clr\">\n<div class=\"pf-content\">\n<p><strong><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/p78889_p1.png\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-78890 alignleft\" src=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/p78889_p1.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"350\" height=\"243\" \/><\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9673\u6587\u7fca<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u57281997\u5e74IBM\u7684Deep Blue\u64ca\u6557\u897f\u6d0b\u68cb\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u51a0\u8ecd\u30022011\u5e74\uff0cIBM\u958b\u767c\u7684Watson\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u76ca\u667a\u7bc0\u76eeJeopardy!\u4e2d\uff0c\u6311\u6230\u96fb\u8166\u904b\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u56de\u7b54\u5bcc\u6709\u80cc\u666f\u610f\u7fa9\u6216\u96d9\u95dc\u7b49\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u64ca\u6557\u4e86\u5169\u4f4d\u885b\u5195\u8005\uff1b\u57282016\u5e74DeepMind\u5718\u968a\u958b\u767c\u7684Alphago\u6311\u6230\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u8996\u70ba\u535a\u5927\u7cbe\u6df1\u7684\u570d\u68cb\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u8c61\u68cb\u8ddf\u897f\u6d0b\u68cb\u4ee5\u5148\u64d2\u738b\u70ba\u52dd\uff0c\u570d\u68cb\u4ee5\u7372\u53d6\u6700\u5927\u9818\u57df\u8005\u70ba\u52dd\uff0c\u70ba\u6b64\u5fc5\u9808\u8003\u91cf\u5168\u5c40\u5c40\u52e2\u65b9\u80fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u6b63\u78ba\u5224\u65b7\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u662f\u50b3\u7d71\u7a0b\u5f0f\u96e3\u4f5c\u5230\u7684\u3002\u539f\u672c\u5404\u754c\u4e26\u4e0d\u770b\u597dAlphago\uff0c\u4f46\u5b8c\u5168\u51fa\u4e4e\u610f\u6599\u57304:1\u64ca\u6557\u5357\u97d3\u68cb\u738b\u674e\u4e16\u4e6d\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8cDeepMind\u5718\u968a\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u9032\u968e\u7248\u7684Alphago Master\u4ee53:0\u64ca\u6557\u4e2d\u570b\u7576\u4eca\u6700\u5f37\u7684\u68cb\u624b\u67ef\u6f54\uff0c\u8fd1\u4f86\u8a72\u5718\u968a\u751a\u81f3\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u81ea\u6211\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71Alphago Zero\uff0c\u80fd\u529b\u751a\u81f3\u51cc\u99d5Alphago Master\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span id=\"more-78889\"><\/span>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7a2e\u7a2e\u5927\u5927\u7092\u71b1\u4e86\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\uff08Artificial intelligence\uff0c\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7c21\u7a31AI\uff09\u9019\u9805\u540d\u8a5e\uff0c\u4f46\u6487\u9664AI\u5728\u667a\u80fd\u4e0a\u9a5a\u4eba\u5730\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u8655\u8655\u53ef\u4ee5\u898b\u5230AI\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u61c9\u7528\u3002\u8f03\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u50cf\u662f\u904b\u7528\u65bc\u91ab\u7642\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u91ab\u5e2b\u8a3a\u65b7\u5efa\u8b70\uff1b\u6216\u662f\u5f71\u50cf\u8fa8\u8a8d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5e6b\u52a9\u9762\u8a66\u5b98\u5224\u65b7\u9762\u8a66\u8005\u7684\u81c9\u90e8\u8868\u60c5\uff0c\u4ee5\u5224\u65b7\u4ed6\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u611f\u53d7\uff1b\u9084\u6709\u7121\u4eba\u8eca\u3001\u7121\u4eba\u6a5f\u7b49\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u7576\u4f5c\u4e58\u8f09\u5de5\u5177\u5916\uff0c\u4ea6\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u5de1\u908f\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u9084\u6709\u5354\u52a9\u5f8b\u5e2b\u8655\u7406\u6587\u4ef6\u3001\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff1b\u6216\u662f\u9280\u884c\u63d0\u4f9b\u5ba2\u6236\u7684\u8a9e\u97f3\u8fa8\u8b58\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u8b93\u5ba2\u6236\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8a18\u4f4f\u5bc6\u78bc\u4fbf\u80fd\u4f7f\u7528\u670d\u52d9\u3002\u6b64\u5916\u9084\u6709\u8af8\u591a\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u904d\u53ca\u8a31\u591a\u884c\u696d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u7bc4\u570d\u6301\u7e8c\u64f4\u5927\u4e2d\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9810\u898b\u672a\u4f86AI\u5c07\u5168\u9762\u5730\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u3002<span id=\"more-30619\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p>AI\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u4e5f\u8b93\u4eba\u5fcd\u4e0d\u4f4f\u958b\u59cb\u64d4\u5fc3\uff0cAI\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u5230\u751a\u9ebc\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1f\u985e\u4f3c\u96fb\u5f71\u300a\u9b54\u9b3c\u7d42\u7d50\u8005\u300b\u7684\u60c5\u7bc0\u4e0d\u65b7\u51fa\u73fe\u5728\u5404\u985e\u79d1\u5e7b\u5275\u4f5c\u4e2d\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\u7576\u4eca\u7684AI\u61c9\u8a72\u7a31\u4f5c\u300c\u7a84AI(narrow AI, or weak AI)\u300d\uff0c\u8207\u300c\u666e\u901aAI(general AI, AGI or strong AI)\u300d\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5176\u5be6\u4e0d\u80fd\u7406\u89e3\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\u8f38\u5165\u7d66\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3001\u5b57\u53e5\u3001\u6578\u64da\u7684\u610f\u601d\uff0c\u800c\u7f3a\u4e4f\u7de8\u7e54\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u7a84AI\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7d71\u8a08\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f30\u7b97\u51fa\u6a5f\u7387\u5f8c\uff0c\u5be6\u884c\u6a5f\u7387\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u9078\u9805\u70ba\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u8fd1\u5e74\u827e\u502b\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u6a5f\u69cb\u3008\u5168\u540dAllen Institute for Artificial Intelligence\uff0c\u7c21\u7a31AI2\uff0c\u5f8c\u9762\u6703\u518d\u63d0\u5230\u3009\u66fe\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e94\u842c\u7f8e\u5143\u734e\u91d1\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u53ef\u4ee5\u5beb\u51fa\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u904e\u7f8e\u570b\u516b\u5e74\u7d1a\u6a19\u6e96\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u6e2c\u9a57(standard eighth-grade science test)\u8edf\u9ad4\u7684\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u53ea\u62ff\u591a\u9078\u984c\u7576\u4f5c\u8003\u984c\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u8edf\u9ad4\u5f97\u5230\u8d85\u904e60%\u7684\u5206\u6578\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaaAI\u5c1a\u4e0d\u5177\u5099\u4e00\u500b\u5341\u6b72\u5c0f\u5b69\u4e4b\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u67d0\u4e00\u7ae0\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u56de\u7b54\u8207\u7ae0\u7bc0\u5167\u5bb9\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u96d6\u7136AI\u5229\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b78\u7fd2(Deep learning)\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u9818\u57df\u9054\u5230\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u4f46\u9084\u7121\u6cd5\u4f5c\u66f4\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u5f0f\u5b78\u7fd2\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5f9e\u5c0d\u8a71\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u3001\u7406\u89e3\u95b1\u8b80\u7684\u6587\u672c\u3001\u5224\u8b80\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u7b49\u5e73\u5e38\u4eba\u985e\u7fd2\u6163\u7372\u53d6\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u76ee\u524dAI\u4ecd\u6b20\u7f3a\u8207\u4eba\u8166\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u53ca\u5716\u50cf\u7406\u89e3\u4e4b\u5ee3\u5ea6\u8207\u901a\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5e38\u8b58\u3002\u5e7e\u500bAI\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7d44\u7e54\u5c0d\u5176\u6210\u54e1\u5be6\u65bd\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u8a62\u554f\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u5c0d\u65bc\u662f\u5426\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u667a\u6167\u6709\u751a\u9ebc\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u4eba\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u672a\u4f86\u5341\u5e74\u5167\u4e0d\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u4eba\u985e\u7b49\u7d1a\u7684AI\uff0c\u4f46\u81f3\u65bc\u9019\u6a23\u7684AI\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u985e\u7684AI\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u90fd\u9054\u6210\u7684\u5171\u8b58\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u6bd4\u662f\u5426\u6703\u51fa\u73fe\u8d85\u4eba\u985eAI\u66f4\u503c\u5f97\u95dc\u6ce8\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u662fAI\u7684\u5f37\u5927\u529f\u80fd\u6703\u7522\u751f\u751a\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\uff1f\u5c08\u5bb6\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u98a8\u96aa\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\uff0c\u5176\u4e00\u662f\u51fa\u73fe\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u6b66\u5668(autonomous 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for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence)\u300d\u5728\u53f2\u4e39\u798f\u5927\u5b78\u767c\u8d77\u4e00\u9805\u767e\u5e74\u7684AI\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u6b64\u8a08\u756b\u6bcf\u4e94\u5e74\u7d71\u6574\u4e00\u6b21\u76ee\u524d\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e26\u767c\u8868\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u9810\u8a08\u6301\u7e8c\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u66f4\u4e45\u3002\u57282014\u5e74\uff0c\u5fae\u8edf\u7684\u806f\u5408\u5275\u59cb\u8005Paul Allen\u7d44\u7e54\u4e86AI2\uff0c\u76ee\u6a19\u662f\u4ee5\u627e\u51faAI\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u6f5b\u5728\u76ca\u8655\u70ba\u5b97\u65e8\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u8457\u624b\u8a31\u591a\u5c08\u6848\uff0c\u5982\u524d\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u671f\u671b\u5275\u9020\u51fa\u80fd\u901a\u904e\u4e00\u822c\u6a19\u6e96\u667a\u529b\u6e2c\u9a57\u7684AI\u3001\u6709\u5e38\u8b58\u7684AI\uff0c\u5176\u9996\u5e2d\u57f7\u884c\u9577Oren Etzioni\u4e26\u63d0\u51faAI\u5b88\u9580\u54e1(AI guardian)\u7b49\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u767c\u5c55\u76e3\u8996\u3001\u6aa2\u6e2c\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u78ba\u4fdd\u57f7\u884c\u4e2d\u7684AI\u5408\u4e4e\u502b\u7406\u53ca\u9053\u5fb7\u3002\u57282016\u5e74\uff0c\u696d\u754c\u3001\u5b78\u754c\u53ca\u6c11\u9593\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u4ee3\u8868\u5171\u540c\u6210\u7acb\u4e86\u975e\u71df\u5229\u7d44\u7e54Partnership in Artificial Intelligence to Benefit People and Society(\u7c21\u7a31Partnership on AI)\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u8005\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u8457\u540d\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u4f01\u696d\u4f8b\u5982Google\u3001Mircrosoft\u3001Facebook\u3001Amazon\u8ddfIBM\u7b49\uff0c\u8a2d\u7acb\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u65e8\u5728\u5efa\u7acbAI\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6e96\u5247\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5718\u968a\u7af6\u722d\u53c8\u4e92\u76f8\u6e9d\u901a\u4e4b\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u78ba\u4fddAI\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u9577\u671f\u767c\u5c55\u662f\u6709\u5229\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u671f\u671b\u589e\u9032\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u5c0d\u65bcAI\u7684\u7406\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u7684\uff0cAI\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u65e5\u76ca\u7cbe\u9032\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5230\u4e86\u8d85\u4e4e\u60f3\u50cf\u7684\u5730\u6b65\uff0c\u4f46\u6bd4\u8d77\u6050\u614c\uff0c\u66f4\u61c9\u8a72\u6709\u7684\u614b\u5ea6\u662f\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u5168\u7684\u8655\u7406\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u672a\u4f86AI\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u9700\u8981\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u667a\u6167\u3001\u597d\u5947\u3001\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8207\u5408\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"http:\/\/science.sciencemag.org\/content\/357\/6346\/7.full\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AI, people, and society<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.aaai.org\/ojs\/index.php\/aimagazine\/article\/view\/2577\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">Research Priorities for Robust and Beneficial Artificial Intelligence<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/futureoflife.org\/background\/benefits-risks-of-artificial-intelligence\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">BENEFITS &amp; RISKS OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/ai-is-not-out-to-get-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">AI Is Not out to Get Us<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":39228,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3772,3293],"tags":[3008,217,3491,3032,3785],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/p78889_p1.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39227"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=39227"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39227\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39229,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39227\/revisions\/39229"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/39228"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=39227"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=39227"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=39227"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}