{"id":39149,"date":"2018-08-22T00:00:18","date_gmt":"2018-08-21T16:00:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=39149"},"modified":"2022-01-05T01:13:58","modified_gmt":"2022-01-04T17:13:58","slug":"%e7%95%b6%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e6%99%ba%e6%85%a7%e7%b5%90%e5%90%88%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e9%9b%bb%e8%85%a6","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=39149","title":{"rendered":"\u7576\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u7d50\u5408\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"single-post-media clr\">\n<div class=\"post-thumbnail\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/%E4%B8%BB%E5%9C%96.png\" alt=\"\u7576\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u7d50\u5408\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"entry clr\">\n<div class=\"pf-content\">\n<p><strong>\u81fa\u5927\u5149\u96fb\u5de5\u7a0b\u6240\u78a9\u58eb\u73ed \u738b\u52fb\u9060 \u7de8\u8b6f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u91cf\u5b50\u7279\u6027\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e8c\u5143\u5236\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u74f6\u9838<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u73fe\u4eca\u7576\u7d05\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u671f\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u5df2\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u8a31\u591a\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5982\u5716\u50cf\u8fa8\u8b58\u3001\u884c\u70ba\u9810\u6e2c\u7b49\u3002\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u8f38\u5165\u66f4\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8cc7\u6599\uff08\u50cf\u7d20\u66f4\u591a\uff09\uff0c\u4ea6\u6216\u9810\u6e2c\u4eba\u5011\u5177\u6709\u300c\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u300d\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u90fd\u5c07\u4f7f\u5f97\u50b3\u7d71\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u8b8a\u5f97\u7a92\u7919\u96e3\u884c\uff0c\u8017\u8cbb\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u66f4\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u6e96\u78ba\u9810\u6e2c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ee5\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u70ba\u5e95\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5716\u50cf\u8fa8\u8b58\u5c31\u50cf\u8a66\u5716\u89e3\u6c7a\u5982Ax=b\u6b64\u4e00\u77e9\u9663\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u7dda\u6027\u4ee3\u6578\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u5716\u50cf\u50cf\u7d20\u52d5\u8f12\u767e\u842c\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0cA\u8207x\u7684\u7dad\u5ea6\uff0c\u6216\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u70ba\u8b8a\u6578\u8207\u5411\u91cf\u6578\u76ee\u90fd\u5728\u767e\u842c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u3002\u800c\u5728\u73fe\u4eca\u591a\u6578\u4ecd\u70ba\u4e8c\u5143\u5236\uff08binary\uff09\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u66f4\u88ab\u96e2\u6563\u5316\uff0c\u6240\u9700\u8a18\u61b6\u9ad4\u5bb9\u91cf\u6703\u6bd4\u539f\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u7dad\u5ea6\u518d\u5927\u4e0a\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u6578\u91cf\u7d1a\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u904b\u7b97\u986f\u5f97\u66e0\u65e5\u5ee2\u6642\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u82e5\u5229\u7528\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u758a\u52a0\u614b\uff08superposition\u00a0of\u00a0states\uff09\u4f86\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5c07x\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578 \uff0cx\u7684\u6240\u6709\u8cc7\u8a0a\u90fd\u53ef\u88ab\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578 \u7684\u7dda\u6027\u7d44\u5408\uff08\u251c |x<sub>i<\/sub>\u00a0\u27e9\uff0ci=0\u30011\u30012\u22ef\u22ef \uff09\u4e2d\uff08\u57161A\uff09\uff1b\u800c\u6bcf\u4e00\u9805 \u7684\u6b0a\u91cd\u4fc2\u6578\u4e5f\u4e0d\u518d\u4fb7\u9650\u4ee5\u300c\u96e2\u6563\u300d\uff0c\u800c\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u9023\u7e8c\u300d\u5f62\u5f0f\u8868\u9054\uff0c\u66f4\u8cbc\u8fd1\u73fe\u5be6\u4e2d\u554f\u984c\u7684\u672c\u8cea[1\u30012]\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5448\u9023\u7e8c\u8b8a\u5316\u7684\u50cf\u7d20\u660e\u6697\u3001\u7531\u4e09\u539f\u8272\u758a\u52a0\u800c\u6210\u7684\u8272\u5f69\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u74f6\u9838\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u8a8d\u77e5\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u90a3\u4e9b\u5177\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u76f8\u5e72\u6027\u300d\uff0c\u5373\u4ee3\u8868\u554f\u984c\u6216\u4e8b\u4ef6\u5448\u73fe\u7684\u6b21\u5e8f\uff0c\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5224\u65b7\u6216\u884c\u70ba\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c1997\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u6cbb\u6c11\u8abf\u8981\u6c42\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u4f9d\u6b21\u8868\u614b\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u8a8d\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6c11\u4e3b\u9ee8\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u6bd4\u723e\u2027\u67ef\u6797\u9813\u8207\u827e\u723e\u00b7\u9ad8\u723e\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u4efb\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u767c\u73fe\uff1a\u82e5\u5c07\u5169\u4f4d\u5019\u9078\u4eba\u7684\u8a62\u554f\u6b21\u5e8f\u5c0d\u8abf\uff0c\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u5169\u8005\u7686\u300c\u503c\u5f97\u4fe1\u4efb\u300d\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u5927\u589e\u3002\u6b64\u985e\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u5f92\u589e\u50b3\u7d71\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u96e3\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6240\u5e78\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u672c\u8eab\u4fbf\u9808\u8003\u91cf\u4ea4\u63db\u5f8b\uff08commute\uff09\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u5c07\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u7684\u5169\u7a2e\u56de\u7b54\u2500\u300c\u662f\uff08Y\uff09\u300d\u8207\u300c\u5426\uff08N\uff09\u300d\u2500\u7576\u4f5c\u5169\u91cf\u5b50\u57fa\u5e95\u614b\u251c |Y\u27e9\u3001\u251c |N\u27e9 \u7684\u7dda\u6027\u758a\u52a0\uff0c\u800c\u5169\u500b\u554f\u984cA\u8207B\u4f5c\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u7b26 \uff08Quantum Operator\uff09\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u4fbf\u53ef\u521d\u6b65\u63cf\u7e6a\u51fa\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u56de\u8986\u300c\u662f\u300d\u6216\u300c\u5426\u300d\u5169\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u5e45\u5ea6\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u9810\u6e2c\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5047\u8a2dA\u3001B\u4e0d\u6eff\u8db3\u4ea4\u63db\u5f8b\uff0c\u5373AB\u4e0d\u7b49\u65bcBA\uff0c\u5247\u9700\u52a0\u5165\u91cf\u5b50\u4fee\u6b63[1]\uff08\u57161B\uff09\u3002\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u7684\u8f14\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u4fbf\u80fd\u66f4\u5168\u9762\u5730\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f4\u8f15\u6613\u5730\u514b\u670d\u9019\u4e9b\u9810\u6e2c\u74f6\u9838\u3002<strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_79247\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-79247\" src=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/%E9%99%84%E5%9C%96%E4%B8%80.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"757\" height=\"455\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u57161. A\u4ee5\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u5716\u50cf\u8fa8\u8b58\u6a21\u578b\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u591a\u7dad\u5ea6\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u614b\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4fc2\u6578\uff08\u6b0a\u91cd\uff09w_i\u53ef\u4ee3\u8868\u50cf\u7d20i\u7684\u660e\u6697\u3002B\u8209\u4f8b\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5012\u7f6e\u5c0d\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u56de\u7b54\u300c\u662f\u300d\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u9808\u8a08\u5165\u91cf\u5b50\u4fee\u6b63\uff1b\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u88e1\uff0c\u82e5A\u3001B\u7b97\u7b26\u5206\u5225\u4ee3\u8868\u4f4d\u7f6e\u53ca\u52d5\u91cf\uff0c\u5247[A, B]=i\u0127\uff0ci\u70ba\u55ae\u4f4d\u865b\u6578\uff0c\u0127\u70ba\u7d04\u5316\u666e\u6717\u514b\u5e38\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>\u786c\u9ad4\u554f\u984c<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u8aaa\u6709\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u8f14\u52a9\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u770b\u4f3c\u5982\u864e\u6dfb\u7ffc\u3001\u524d\u7a0b\u9326\u7e61\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u7f3a\u4e4f\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u786c\u9ad4\u8a2d\u5099\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5de7\u5a66\u96e3\u70ba\u7121\u7c73\u4e4b\u708a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73fe\u968e\u6bb5\u91cf\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\u7684\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u9084\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\uff08Qubit\uff09\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u975e0\u53731\u7684\u96e2\u6563\u4e8c\u5143\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143 \u540c\u6642\u662f0\u82071\u7684\u758a\u52a0\u614b\uff08 \u251c |x\u27e9=\u251c w<sub>0<\/sub>\u00a0|0\u27e9+\u251c w<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0|1\u27e9\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5c64\u6b21\u66f4\u5bc6\u96c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u860a\u542b\u66f4\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u6b63\u56e0\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u5c0d\u5916\u5728\u74b0\u5883\u76f8\u7576\u654f\u611f\uff0c0\u548c1\u5169\u500b\u614b\u7684\u6bd4\u91cd\u6613\u53d7\u6eab\u5ea6\u5e72\u64fe\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7576\u524d\u591a\u7a2e\u91cf\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\u9808\u5728\u6975\u4f4e\u6eab\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u4e0b\u64cd\u4f5c\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u96dc\u8a0a\u514d\u75ab\u529b\u4e0d\u9ad8\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u6709\u6096\u65bc\u7576\u521d\u70ba\u62b5\u6297\u96dc\u8a0a\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u800c\u8a2d\u8a08\u6578\u4f4d\u7de8\u78bc\u7684\u521d\u8877\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u554f\u984c\u7684\u80cc\u5f8c\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u9084\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u96b1\u6182\u3002\u5728\u66f4\u9032\u968e\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e2d\uff0c\u55ae\u4e00\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u4e8c\u500b\u7dad\u5ea6 ( \u72c0\u614b ) \u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u758a\u52a0\u614b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u251c |x\u27e9=\u251c w<sub>0<\/sub>\u00a0|x<sub>0<\/sub>\u00a0\u27e9+\u251c w<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0|x<sub>1<\/sub>\u00a0\u27e9+\u251c w<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0|x<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0\u27e9+\u22ef\u251c w<sub>n<\/sub>\u00a0|x<sub>n<\/sub>\u00a0\u27e9 \u3002\u53ea\u662f\u7576\u4e2d\u6240\u727d\u6d89\u7684\u8b8a\u6578\u7e41\u591a\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u524d\u8ff0\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\u5e72\u64fe\u5916\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u80fd\u5be6\u73fe\u6b64\u4e00\u69cb\u60f3\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u5f85\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u958b\u653e\u6027\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u518d\u8005\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8cc7\u6599\u8b80\u53d6\uff0c\u90fd\u5c07\u4f7f\u5f97\u91cf\u5b50\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u584c\u7e2e\uff08wave function Collapse\uff09\uff1b\u6613\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u4e2d\u6240\u5132\u5b58\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u88ab\u5e72\u64fe\u4e86\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u7cfb\u7d71\u4ecd\u9700\u6e96\u5099n\u500b \u251c |x\u27e9\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6e96\u78ba\u77e5\u9053\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u5206\u5e03\u3001\u9032\u884c\u9810\u6e2c[1]\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u91cf\u5b50\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u4e00\u5927\u7f3a\u9677\u3002\u5e78\u904b\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ecd\u81f4\u529b\u929c\u63a5\u91cf\u5b50\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u8207\u73fe\u5be6\u786c\u9ad4\u8a2d\u5099\u9593\u7684\u9d3b\u6e9d\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5df2\u7136\u7099\u624b\u53ef\u71b1\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u5c07\u6709\u7206\u70b8\u6027\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u00a0Alejandro Perdomo-Ortiz, et al., \u201c<a href=\"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/journal\/2058-9565\">Opportunities and challenges for quantum-assisted machine learning in near-term quantum computers,<\/a>\u201d IOPscience, Quantum Science and Technology,\u00a0Vol. 3,\u00a0Number 3, March 20, 2018.<\/li>\n<li>Scott Aaronson, \u201cRead the fine print,\u201d Nature Physics,\u00a0vol. 11,\u00a0p.p. 291\u2013293,\u00a0April, 2015.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u6b64\u4e00\u5d84\u65b0\u904b\u7b97\u79d1\u6280\u6b63\u5982\u70c8\u706b\u70f9\u6cb9\u822c\u904d\u5730\u958b\u82b1\u3002\u8af8\u5982Intel\u3001IBM\u3001Google\u3001Microsoft\u7b49\u79d1\u6280\u5de8\u982d\uff0c\u76f8\u7e7c\u6295\u5165\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u6cd5\u8207\u76f8\u5bb9\u786c\u9ad4\u8a2d\u5099\u7684\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u5982\u5fae\u8edf\u65bc2017\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u300cQ#\u300d\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u958b\u767c\uff1b\u540c\u5e74IBM\u66f4\u5ba3\u5e03\u7814\u767c\u51fa\u5168\u7403\u9996\u53f0 50 \u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u3002\u5373\u4fbf\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u53d6\u4ee3\u73fe\u6709\u6700\u5148\u9032\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u96fb\u8166\u4ecd\u5099\u53d7\u722d\u8b70\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u4ee5\u671f\u5f85\u7684\u662f\uff1a\u5728\u4e0d\u9060\u7684\u5c07\u4f86\uff0c\u5c0f\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u6216\u80fd\u8f14\u4f50\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u8b93\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u767c\u63ee\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6f5b\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":39150,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3772,3293],"tags":[6207,3131,2972],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u4e3b\u5716.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39149"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=39149"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39149\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":39151,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/39149\/revisions\/39151"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/39150"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=39149"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=39149"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=39149"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}