{"id":39143,"date":"2018-08-28T00:00:03","date_gmt":"2018-08-27T16:00:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=39143"},"modified":"2022-01-05T01:12:11","modified_gmt":"2022-01-04T17:12:11","slug":"%e6%8f%90%e5%8d%87%e5%88%b0%e9%a1%9e%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e7%9a%84%e9%ab%98%e9%9a%8e%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e6%99%ba%e6%85%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=39143","title":{"rendered":"\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u9ad8\u968e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"single-post-media clr\">\n<div class=\"post-thumbnail\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/FIG-1-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u9ad8\u968e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\" width=\"450\" height=\"337\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"entry clr\">\n<div class=\"pf-content\">\n<p><strong>\u9577\u5e9a\u5927\u5b78<del><\/del>\u96fb\u5b50\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u7cfb \u8a31\u70b3\u5805 \u8b1b\u5ea7\u6559\u6388\u2502\u8f49\u8f09\u81ea \u300a\u53f0\u5927\u6821\u8a0a\u300b\u7b2c1335\u671f\u300c\u7e31\u6a6b\u6578\u4f4d\u6642\u4ee3\u7cfb\u5217\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u5168\u9762\u4f86\u8972<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>18\u4e16\u7d00\u5de5\u696d\u9769\u547d\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u8207\u751f\u6d3b\u578b\u614b\u8d77\u4e86\u7ffb\u5929\u8986\u5730\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u6bcf\u9694\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u5c31\u6709\u65b0\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a21\u5f0f\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u6bd4\u820a\u6709\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u66f4\u80fd\u5920\u9069\u61c9\u65b0\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u793e\u6703\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u300c\u985e\u9054\u723e\u6587\u300d\u9032\u5316\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4e16\u4ee3\u90fd\u5728\u7ffb\u65b0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u96fb\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u572820\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\uff0c\u534a\u5c0e\u9ad4\u6280\u8853\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7814\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u88fd\u6210\u4e86\u7a4d\u9ad4\u96fb\u8def\u3002\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u5e7e\u5341\u5e74\u88e1\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u6548\u80fd\u7dca\u5bc6\u5730\u9075\u5faa\u6469\u723e\u5b9a\u5f8b ( Moore\u2019s Law ) \u5728\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u6bcf\u5169\u5e74\u904b\u7b97\u6548\u80fd\u5c31\u52a0\u500d\u3002\u5230\u4e8621\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5148\u9032\u7684\u77fd\u6676\u7247\u52d5\u8f12\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5341\u5e7e\u5104\u9846\u96fb\u6676\u9ad4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u5e7e\u5341\u5104\u9846\u96fb\u6676\u9ad4\u7684\u4e5f\u6bd4\u6bd4\u7686\u662f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96fb\u5b50\u7522\u54c1\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u6548\u80fd\u9010\u6f38\u5730\u903c\u8fd1\u4eba\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u897f\u6d0b\u68cb\u8207\u570d\u68cb\u6bd4\u8cfd\uff0c\u5148\u9032\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u5df2\u7d93\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u6253\u6557\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u9ad8\u624b\u68cb\u58eb\u3002\u5728\u5176\u4ed6\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u9818\u57df\u88e1\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c7d\u8eca\u81ea\u52d5\u99d5\u99db\uff0c\u96fb\u8166\u8edf\u9ad4\u63a7\u5236\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u51fa\u4e8b\u7387\u5df2\u7d93\u9060\u4f4e\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u99d5\u99db\u7684\u5e73\u5747\u503c\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u8fd1\u6975\u70ba\u706b\u7d05\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167 ( artificial intelligence\uff0cAI ) \u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u662f\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4f7f\u7528\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u3002\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u7d93\u6b77\u4e86\u524d\u5f8c\u4e09\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e00\u6ce2\u6d6a\u6f6e\u662f1956 \u2013 1974\u5e74\u9593\u7684\u840c\u82bd\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u904b\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u96c6\u4e2d\u5728\u5c0d\u65bc\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\u3002\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6ce2\u6d6a\u6f6e\u662f1980 \u2013 1987\u5e74\u9593\u7684\u6210\u9577\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u4ee5\u898f\u5247\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\u7cfb\u7d71 ( expert system ) \u70ba\u4e3b\u3002\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u4e86\u986f\u8457\u7684\u63d0\u5347\uff0c\u53ef\u60dc\u9084\u4e0d\u5230\u5168\u9762\u904b\u7528\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u7b2c\u4e09\u6ce2\u6d6a\u6f6e\u662f2010\u5e74\u8d77\u7684\u6536\u5272\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def ( artificial neural networks ) \u76f8\u7d50\u5408\u3002\u4e26\u4e14\u5584\u65bc\u5229\u7528\u5f37\u5927\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u7522\u54c1\u904b\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u904b\u7528\u5728\u5404\u884c\u5404\u696d\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5728\u672a\u4f86\u4e00\u3001\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u5167\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3\u4e86\u5927\u7d04\u4e00\u534a\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9ad8\u50f9\u503c<\/strong><strong>\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4f86\u6e90\u7a00\u5c11<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u4ef6\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u5408\u7406\u552e\u50f9\u5982\u4f55\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5462\uff1f\u7576\u7136\u662f\u4f9d\u64da\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u7684\u4f9b\u9700\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u6709\u9867\u5ba2\u60f3\u8cfc\u8cb7\u7684\u5546\u54c1\u624d\u6703\u6709\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u5426\u5247\u5c31\u6210\u4e86\u6c92\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u7684\u7269\u54c1\u4e86\u3002\u5982\u679c\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u4f9b\u61c9\u91cf\u5145\u8db3\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u50f9\u9322\u5c31\u6703\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\u4f4e\u5ec9\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5546\u54c1\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u7a00\u5c11\u800c\u9867\u5ba2\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u5f88\u5927\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u50f9\u9322\u5c31\u6703\u98c6\u6f32\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u8ca2\u737b\u6240\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u4e5f\u9075\u5faa\u8457\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u6cd5\u5247\u3002\u5fc5\u9808\u64c1\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u9867\u5ba2\u9700\u8981\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u7372\u5f97\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u5831\u916c\u3002\u9019\u5176\u4e2d\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u8457\u660e\u986f\u7684\u77db\u76fe\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u7121\u6cd5\u505a\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u67d0\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u537b\u80fd\u5920\u64c1\u6709\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u597d\u5e7e\u7a2e\u89e3\u5957\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u6642\u9593\u4f86\u63db\u53d6\uff0c\u6709\u5148\u898b\u4e4b\u660e\uff0c\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u63d0\u524d\u9032\u5165\u65b0\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e26\u4e14\u638c\u63e1\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u8981\u71ac\u904e\u4e00\u6bb5\u843d\u5bde\u3001\u8207\u88ab\u8f15\u8996\u7684\u6f5b\u4f0f\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u5920\u7372\u5f97\u6bd4\u5225\u4eba\u5148\u958b\u82b1\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u751c\u7f8e\u9818\u5148\u3002\u5f80\u300c\u524d\u300d\u770b\u5c31\u662f\u5f80\u300c\u9322\u300d\u770b\uff0c\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u771f\u7684\u6709\u6df1\u5967\u7684\u667a\u6167\u5728\u88e1\u9762\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5584\u65bc\u5229\u7528\u8f49\u5f4e\u52a0\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0d\u5728\u76f4\u7dda\u8655\u8d85\u8d8a\u5225\u4eba\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5728\u8f49\u5f4e\u8207\u63db\u8dd1\u9053\u7684\u6642\u5019\u4e00\u8209\u8d85\u8d8a\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5584\u65bc\u5229\u7528\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684\u653e\u5927\u8207\u7e2e\u5c0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5\u591a\u91cd\u6a21\u5f0f\u7684\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u9032\u884c\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u985e\u6bd4\u96fb\u8def\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u6280\u5de7\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u8f38\u5165\u8a0a\u865f\u52a0\u4ee5\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5dee\u7570\u6027 ( differential mode ) \u7684\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u628a\u8a0a\u865f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u52a0\u4ee5\u653e\u5927\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u662f\u5171\u901a\u6027 ( common mode ) \u7684\u5c31\u8868\u793a\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5225\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u628a\u8a0a\u865f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u52a0\u4ee5\u7e2e\u5c0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u9ad8\u968e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u96fb\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u6309\u7167\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u6703\u9010\u6f38\u8e0f\u9032\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u7684\u9818\u57df\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4ee5\u904b\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u4f86\u6bd4\u55bb\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u4f4e\u901f\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u725b\u9813\u529b\u5b78\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff1b\u800c\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u9ad8\u901f\u7684\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u63a1\u7528\u6ce2\u52d5\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u96fb\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u5960\u57fa\u65bc\u5e03\u5be7\u4ee3\u6578 ( Boolean algebra ) \u7684\u660e\u78ba\u908f\u8f2f\u5206\u6d41\uff0c\u628a\u908f\u8f2f-0\u8207\u908f\u8f2f-1\u7684\u6d41\u5411\u5206\u8fa8\u5f97\u6e05\u6e05\u695a\u695a\u5730\u3002\u5728\u8655\u7406\u7b49\u5f0f ( equality ) \u554f\u984c\u6642\u5f88\u9806\u624b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u6709\u5927\u65bc\u6216\u8005\u5c0f\u65bc\u7684\u4e0d\u7b49\u5f0f ( inequality ) \u554f\u984c\u4e5f\u96e3\u4e0d\u5012\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>\u5f9e<\/strong><strong>\u300c<\/strong><strong>\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def<\/strong><strong>\u300d<\/strong><strong>\u63d0\u5347\u5230<\/strong><strong>\u300c<\/strong><strong>\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97<\/strong><strong>\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u5728\u65e5\u5e38\u751f\u6d3b\u88e1\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e26\u975e\u9ed1\u767d\u5206\u660e\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u4ecb\u65bc\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u7070\u8272\u5730\u5e36\u3002\u57281965\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u52a0\u5dde\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u5927\u5b78\u96fb\u6a5f\u96fb\u8166\u7cfb\u7684\u524d\u4e3b\u4efb\u6e23\u789f ( Lofti Zadeh ) \u6559\u6388\u5021\u5c0e\u4e86\u6a21\u7cca\u7406\u8ad6 ( fuzzy logic ) \u63a1\u7528\u8fd1\u4f3c\u3001\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u50b3\u7d71\u5e03\u5be7\u4ee3\u6578\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u4e0d\u78ba\u5b9a\u6027 ( uncertainty ) \u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>\u7531\u6a21\u7cca\u7406\u8ad6\u518d\u5f80\u524d\u63a8\u5c55\u4e00\u5927\u6b65\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u9032\u5165\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u4f86\u4fdd\u7559\u908f\u8f2f-0\u8207\u908f\u8f2f-1\u7684\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728(\u6216\u8005\u662f\u9ed1\u8207\u767d\u7684\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728)\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8fce\u63a5\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u5230\u4f86\u4e4b\u524d\u9700\u8981\u505a\u597d\u59a5\u5584\u7684\u6e96\u5099\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u300d( Artificial Quantum Computing ) \u4f86\u505a\u70ba\u904e\u6e21\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u662f1980\u5e74\u4ee3\u8a31\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u300d( Artificial Neural Network ) \u4f86\u505a\u70ba\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u904e\u6e21\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5716\u4e00\u8a73\u7d30\u5730\u986f\u793a\u9019\u5169\u8005\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u3002\u5728\u5df2\u7d93\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u88e1\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u5f9e\u751f\u7269\u8207\u91ab\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u5143\u6a21\u578b\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u57281980\u5e74\u4ee3\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u300c\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u300d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u6574\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u6301\u7e8c\u9032\u5c55\u52302010\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u6210\u70ba\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u4e3b\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d93\u7531\u501f\u4f4d ( innovation ) \u8207\u806f\u60f3\uff0c\u628a\u539f\u6709\u7684\u6a21\u7cca\u7406\u8ad6 ( fuzzy logic &amp; system ) \u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u64f4\u5c55\u70ba\u300c\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u300d\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u4f86\u505a\u70ba\u9081\u5411\u771f\u6b63\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u904e\u6e21\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_79283\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79283\" src=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/FIG-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e00\u3001\u5f9e\u300c\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u501f\u672a\u8207\u806f\u60f3\u5230\u65b0\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u300d\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5716\u4e8c\u662f\u6676\u7247\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5b78\u554f\u7684\u6e90\u982d\u53ef\u4ee5\u64fa\u5728\u5ee3\u7fa9\u7684\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b65\u5c31\u662f\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6 ( methodology )\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u5728\u76f8\u7576\u62bd\u8c61\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u662f\u843d\u5be6\u5728\u8655\u7406\u67d0\u4e00\u9818\u57df\u554f\u984c\u7684\u6709\u6548\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u518d\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5 ( algorithm )\u3002\u4e0a\u8ff0\u662f\u8edf\u9ad4\u8207\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u505a\u51fa\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u786c\u9ad4\u4f86\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u627e\u51fa\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u67b6\u69cb ( architecture )\u3002\u771f\u6b63\u52d5\u624b\u8a2d\u8a08\u786c\u9ad4\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u70ba\u7dda\u8def\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u6676\u7247\u8a2d\u8a08\u3001\u8207\u7cfb\u7d71\u8a2d\u8a08\u7b49\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u3002\u7136\u5f8c\u4ea4\u7d66\u88fd\u7a0b\u958b\u767c\u8207\u5927\u91cf\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u4ee3\u5de5\u5ee0\uff0c\u518d\u628a\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u6676\u7247\u4ea4\u7d66\u5c01\u6e2c\u5ee0\u53bb\u9032\u884c\u6e2c\u8a66\u8207\u5c01\u88dd\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_79284\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79284\" src=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/FIG-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"960\" height=\"720\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e8c\u3001\u9ad8\u968e\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u4ee5\u300c\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u300d\u505a\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u904e\u6e21\u3002\u6676\u7247\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u5316\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u96fb\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u6676\u7247\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u6574\u500b\u6d41\u7a0b\u662f\u66a2\u901a\u7684\u3002\u5728\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u61c9\u7528\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u8f1d\u9054\u516c\u53f8 ( Nvidia Corporation ) \u958b\u767c\u4e86\u5c08\u6709\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8655\u7406\u5668\u6676\u7247 ( graphics processing unit\uff0cGPU )\uff1b\u53e6\u5916\uff0cGoogle\u4e5f\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u5f35\u91cf\u8655\u7406\u5668\u6676\u7247 ( TPU\uff0ctensor processing unit )\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u5143<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u4ecd\u5728\u840c\u82bd\u968e\u6bb5\u3002\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u7684D-Wave\u7cfb\u7d71\u516c\u53f8\u8ca9\u552e\u4e86\u5be6\u9a57\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u63a1\u7528\u7d55\u71b1\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u9000\u706b\u6280\u8853\u4e26\u4e14\u4f7f\u7528128\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u6700\u512a\u5316\u554f\u984c\u30022016\u5e7412\u6708\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u5927\u9678\u767c\u5c04\u4e86\u300c\u58a8\u5b50\u91cf\u5b50\u96fb\u8166\u300d\uff0c\u4ee5\u91cf\u5b50\u9000\u706b ( Quantum annealing ) \u7684\u6280\u8853\u4f86\u7834\u89e3\u5bc6\u78bc\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u570b\u969b\u5546\u696d\u6a5f\u5668\u516c\u53f8IBM\u5df2\u7d93\u63d0\u4f9b20\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u7d66\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u5247\u63d0\u8b70\u5728\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u7814\u7a76\u5f9e\u300c\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u8ad6\u3001\u8655\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\u3001\u8207\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\u5148\u8457\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u70ba\u8655\u7406\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\uff0c\u4ee5\u6ce2\u52d5\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b93\u908f\u8f2f-0\u8207\u908f\u8f2f-1\u4ee5\u806f\u96c6 ( union ) \u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u540c\u6642\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143 ( quantum bit\uff0cqbit )\u3002\u6b64\u904b\u7b97\u6838\u5fc3\u8207\u5916\u754c\u7684\u806f\u7e6b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d93\u7531\u73fe\u6709\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u96fb\u8def\u7576\u4f5c\u4ecb\u9762\uff0c\u5728\u8f38\u5165\u90e8\u5206\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6578\u4f4d\u96fb\u8def\u3001\u985e\u6bd4\u96fb\u8def ( analog circuit )\u3001\u6216\u8005\u662f\u611f\u61c9\u5668 ( sensor ) \u5143\u4ef6\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u8f38\u51fa\u90e8\u5206\u9664\u4e86\u6578\u4f4d\u96fb\u8def\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5305\u62ec\u81f4\u52d5\u5668 ( actuator ) \u5143\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cf\u5b50\u4f4d\u5143\u7684\u517c\u5bb9\u4e26\u5305\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7c21\u6f54\u8207\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u8655\u7406\u597d\u5e7e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u4ee5\u6982\u7387\u70ba\u4f9d\u64da\u7684 ( probability-based )\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u70ba\u4f9d\u64da\u7684 ( possibility-based )\uff1b\u8207<\/li>\n<li>\u5947\u7570\u9ede ( singularity )\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><strong>\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/h3>\n<p>\u985e\u91cf\u5b50\u904b\u7b97\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u662f\u8207\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u9818\u5148\u5718\u968a\u9f4a\u982d\u4e26\u9032\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\uff0c\u505a\u70ba\u5728\u53f0\u7063\u53c3\u8207\u570b\u969b\u9ad8\u79d1\u6280\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u61c9\u7576\u52a0\u628a\u52c1\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u7121\u6545\u5730\u7f3a\u5e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_79356\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79356\" src=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/%E8%87%BA%E5%A4%A7%E9%83%AD%E5%A4%A7%E7%B6%AD%E4%BB%A3%E7%90%86%E6%A0%A1%E9%95%B7_%E8%A8%B1%E7%82%B3%E5%A0%85%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u81fa\u5927\u90ed\u5927\u7dad\u4ee3\u7406\u6821\u9577(\u5de6)\u65bc11\u6708\u6f14\u8b1b\u6642\u8207\u8a31\u70b3\u5805\u6559\u6388(\u53f3)\u4e4b\u5408\u7167\u3002<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_79361\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-79361\" src=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/08\/%E5%8F%B3%E8%B5%B7%E8%87%BA%E5%A4%A7%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8%E8%AC%9D%E8%B1%90%E8%88%9F%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88_%E5%BF%83%E7%90%86%E8%91%89%E7%B4%A0%E7%8E%B2%E5%89%8D%E4%B8%BB%E4%BB%BB_%E6%95%99%E8%82%B2%E9%83%A8%E9%BB%83%E6%A6%AE%E6%9D%91%E5%89%8D%E9%83%A8%E9%95%B7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"4032\" height=\"3024\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u81fa\u5927\u91ab\u5b78\u8b1d\u8c50\u821f\u6559\u6388(\u53f3\u4e00)\u3001\u5fc3\u7406\u8449\u7d20\u73b2\u524d\u4e3b\u4efb(\u53f3\u4e8c)\u3001\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u9ec3\u69ae\u6751\u524d\u90e8\u9577(\u53f3\u4e09)\u3001\u967d\u660e\u5171\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u5f35\u7acb\u9d3b\u6559\u6388(\u5de6\u4e09)\u3001\u967d\u660e\u5fc3\u54f2\u6240\u738b\u6587\u65b9\u4e3b\u4efb(\u5de6\u4e8c)\u8207\u967d\u660e\u5171\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3Jonathon 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