{"id":38562,"date":"2019-10-17T00:00:52","date_gmt":"2019-10-16T16:00:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=38562"},"modified":"2022-01-04T00:43:49","modified_gmt":"2022-01-03T16:43:49","slug":"%e7%9c%8b%e4%b8%8d%e8%a6%8b%e7%9a%84%e7%b4%b0%e7%af%80%e2%94%80%e2%94%80%e5%b0%8d%e6%8a%97%e6%a8%a3%e6%9c%ac","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=38562","title":{"rendered":"\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u2500\u2500\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c"},"content":{"rendered":"
\n
\"\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u2500\u2500\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
\n
\n

\u7de8\u8b6f\uff0f\u9673\u5101\u7ff0<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\uff1f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u300c\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\u300d\uff08adversarial examples\uff09\u7684\u7bc4\u4f8b\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u539f\u5716\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u52a0\u4e0a\u96dc\u8a0a\uff08\u4e2d\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aGoodfellow et al., 2015.\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u6700\u5de6\u5074\u7684\u5716\u7247\uff0c\u4eba\u773c\u4e00\u770b\u4fbf\u77e5\u662f\u4e00\u96bb\u718a\u8c93\uff0c\u4ee5\u5206\u985e\u5668\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5247\u670957.7%\u7684\u4fe1\u5fc3\u8a8d\u5b9a\u5716\u7247\u4e2d\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u96bb\u718a\u8c93\u3002\u6700\u53f3\u5074\u7684\u5716\u7247\uff0c\u4eba\u773c\u770b\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u96bb\u718a\u8c93\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5206\u985e\u5668\u537b\u56e0\u70ba\u5716\u7247\u88ab\u6dfb\u52a0\u4e86\u96dc\u8a0a\uff08\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u5716\u7247\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u8aa4\u5224\u5176\u70ba\u4e00\u96bb\u9577\u81c2\u733f\uff01\u50cf\u53f3\u5716\u9019\u6a23\u5177\u8aa4\u5c0e\u6027\u7684\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u4fbf\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u90a3\u5982\u4f55\u6392\u9664\u6216\u964d\u4f4e\u9019\u4e9b\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u5e72\u64fe\u5462\uff1f\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u662f\uff1a\u65e2\u7136\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u96dc\u8a0a\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u53ea\u8981\u5c07\u8f38\u5165\u7684\u5716\u7247\u53bb\u566a\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u8fce\u5203\u800c\u89e3\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u90e8\u4efd\u4e5f\u9808\u540c\u6b65\u53bb\u566a\u624d\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4e3b\u52d5\u5728\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6a21\u578b\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e2d\u5340\u8fa8\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u5e72\u64fe\uff0c\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u5c0d\u6297\u8a13\u7df4\u300d\uff08Adversarial training\uff09\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u9700\u8981\u984d\u5916\u6e96\u5099\u5927\u91cf\u9ad8\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7a69\u5065\u8207\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\u8207\u5c0d\u6297\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u56de\u5230\u672c\u6587\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u3002Andrew Ilyas\u7b49\u4eba\u9996\u5148\u5c07\u4e00\u5f35\u5716\u7247\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u5340\u5206\u70ba\u300c\u7a69\u5065\u300d\uff08robust\uff09\u8207\u300c\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u300d\uff08non-robust\uff09\u5169\u985e\u3002\u524d\u8005\u662f\u90a3\u4e9b\u4e0d\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u96dc\u8a0a\u5e72\u64fe\u3001\u4eba\u773c\u53ef\u5340\u8fa8\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u8c93\u72d7\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u8f2a\u5ed3\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u5247\u70ba\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<\/p>\n

Ilyas\u7b49\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u6355\u6349\u5230\u5716\u7247\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff01\u9019\u4e9b\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5bb9\u6613\u53d7\u5230\u96dc\u8a0a\u5e72\u64fe\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u6a21\u578b\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u80fd\u63d0\u4f9b\u7684\u7dda\u7d22\u4e0d\u4e9e\u65bc\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u70ba\u4e86\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u53e6\u5916\u5275\u5efa\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\uff0c\u505a\u6cd5\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u7684\u5716\u7247\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u96dc\u8a0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5716\u7247\u7684\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u4fdd\u6301\u4e0d\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u5247\u6307\u5411\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u4ee5\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u6307\u5411\u7684\u5206\u985e\u91cd\u65b0\u6a19\u8a18\u5716\u7247\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff1a\u4e00\u5f35\u666e\u901a\u7684\u5716\u7247\uff0c\u5176\u7a69\u5065\u8207\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u7406\u61c9\u6307\u5411\u76f8\u540c\u5206\u985e\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e00\u5f35\u72d7\u7684\u5716\u7247\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u72d7\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4eba\u773c\u5bdf\u89ba\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u4e5f\u6697\u793a\u5716\u7247\u4e2d\u662f\u96bb\u72d7\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5728\u65b0\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u4e2d\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u523b\u610f\u52a0\u5165\u7279\u5b9a\u96dc\u8a0a\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u540c\u4e00\u5f35\u7167\u7247\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u50cf\u72d7\uff08\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u7dad\u6301\u662f\u300c\u72d7\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u773c\u5bdf\u89ba\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u537b\u6697\u793a\u5176\u4e2d\u662f\u96bb\u8c93\uff08\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u300c\u8c93\u300d\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u544a\u8a34\u96fb\u8166\u9019\u662f\u96bb\u8c93\uff08\u91cd\u65b0\u6a19\u8a18\u70ba\u300c\u8c93\u300d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u8457\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u96c6\u6240\u8a13\u7df4\u51fa\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u5957\u7528\u65bc\u4e00\u822c\u5716\u7247\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u7372\u5f97\u4e0d\u932f\u7684\u8fa8\u8b58\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\uff01\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u53ea\u8b58\u5f97\u8c93\u7684\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u537b\u80fd\u5728\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u822c\u8c93\u5716\u7247\u6642\uff0c\u55ae\u6191\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u6b63\u78ba\u5224\u65b7\u5716\u7247\u4e2d\u662f\u96bb\u8c93\u3002\u986f\u793a\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u78ba\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u6a21\u578b\u8fa8\u8b58\u5716\u50cf\u6642\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u4f9d\u64da\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u65b0\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u96c6\u6240\u8a13\u7df4\u51fa\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u5716\u7247\u4e0a\u7372\u5f97\u4e0d\u932f\u7684\u8fa8\u8b58\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aIlyas et al., 2019.\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u66f4\u7a69\u5065\u7684\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u6dfa\u5c64\u8207\u6df1\u5c64\u5377\u7a4d\u5c64\u7684\u53ef\u8996\u5316\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff08\u53f3\u5716\uff09\u8f03\u63a5\u8fd1\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u53ef\u7406\u89e3\u7684\u6574\u9ad4\u8f2a\u5ed3\uff08\u8fd1\u4f3c\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u6dfa\u5c64\uff08\u5de6\u5716\uff09\u50c5\u50c5\u662f\u4e00\u4e9b\u8272\u5f69\u8207\u7d0b\u7406\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aChollet, 2018.\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

Ilyas\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u5047\u8aaa\u6709\u5169\u5c64\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u5176\u4e00\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\u7684\u53ef\u8f49\u79fb\u6027\uff08transferability\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u70ba\u4f55\u91dd\u5c0d\u7279\u5b9a\u6a21\u578b\u751f\u6210\u7684\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\uff0c\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u6b3a\u9a19\u5176\u5b83\u6a21\u578b\uff1f\u5982\u679c\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\u53ea\u662f\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u7576\u5176\u4ed6\u6a21\u578b\u5728\u8a13\u7df4\u6642\u4e5f\u6355\u6349\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u9020\u6210\u8aa4\u5224\u4e5f\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u597d\u5947\u602a\u7684\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u5c64\uff0c\u5247\u547c\u61c9\u672c\u6587\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u964d\u4f4e\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u96dc\u8a0a\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff08\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\uff09\uff0c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u66f4\u7a69\u5065\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u8fa8\u8b58\u6a21\u578b\uff1f\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0cIlyas\u7b49\u4eba\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5df2\u53d7\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b78\u7fd2\u7db2\u8def\u4e2d\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u90a3\u4e9b\u5728\u8f03\u6df1\u5c64\u5377\u7a4d\u5c64\u6240\u6355\u6349\u5230\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u5f59\u6574\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u8996\u70ba\u53ea\u5305\u542b\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u65b0\u8a13\u7df4\u96c6\uff08\u200bD<\/span>R<\/span><\/span>^<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u200b\uff09\u3002\u4ee5\u200bD<\/span>R<\/span><\/span>^<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u200b\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u822c\u8a13\u7df4\u904e\u7a0b\u8a13\u7df4\u800c\u51fa\u7684\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u672a\u66fe\u7d93\u904e\u5c0d\u6297\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e0d\u5dee\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u986f\u793a\u9664\u4e86\u8a13\u7df4\u65b9\u6cd5\u5916\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u63a1\u7528\u5c0d\u6297\u8a13\u7df4\uff09\uff0c\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u4e8b\u524d\u7684\u8655\u7406\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u79fb\u9664\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u95dc\u9375\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u6a21\u578b\u9762\u5c0d\u4e00\u822c\u5716\u50cf\uff08\u85cd\uff09\u8207\u5c0d\u6297\u6a23\u672c\uff08\u7d05\uff09\u6642\u7684\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u3002\u4f9d\u7167\u8a13\u7df4\u65b9\u6cd5\u8207\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u7531\u5de6\u5230\u53f3\u5206\u5225\u70ba\uff1a\u6a19\u6e96\u8a13\u7df4\uff0f\u4e00\u822c\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u3001\u5c0d\u6297\u8a13\u7df4\uff0f\u4e00\u822c\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u8a13\u7df4\uff0f\u50c5\u5305\u542b\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u3001\u6a19\u6e96\u8a13\u7df4\uff0f\u50c5\u5305\u542b\u975e\u7a69\u5065\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u96c6\u3002\u85cd\u8272\u76f4\u689d\u8207\u7d05\u8272\u76f4\u689d\u8d8a\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u6240\u8a13\u7df4\u51fa\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4e0d\u6613\u53d7\u96dc\u8a0a\u5e72\u64fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8d8a\u7a69\u5065\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u3002\uff08\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aIlyas et al., 2019.\uff09<\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\u7de8\u8b6f\u4f86\u6e90<\/strong><\/p>\n

A. Ilyas, S. Santurkar, D. Tsipras, L. Engstrom, B. Tran, and A. Madry, A, \u201cAdversarial Examples Are Not Bugs, They Are Features<\/a>,\u201d\u00a0arXiv.org<\/em>, 2019.<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong>\u00a0<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. C. Szegedy, W. Zaremba, I. Sutskever, J. Bruna, D. Erhan, I. Goodfellow, and R. Fergus, R, \u201cIntriguing properties of neural networks<\/a>,\u201d\u00a0arXiv.org<\/em>, 2014.<\/li>\n
  2. I. Goodfellow, J. Shlens, J. and C. Szegedy, \u201cExplaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examples<\/a>,\u201d\u00a0arXiv.org<\/em>, 2015.<\/li>\n
  3. F. Chollet,\u00a0Deep learning with Python<\/em>. Shelter Islands: Manning, 2018.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

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