{"id":38473,"date":"2019-12-12T00:00:35","date_gmt":"2019-12-11T16:00:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=38473"},"modified":"2022-01-03T23:11:17","modified_gmt":"2022-01-03T15:11:17","slug":"%e6%95%b8%e4%bd%8d%e7%94%9f%e6%b4%bb%e8%ae%93%e6%88%90%e7%99%ae%e7%8f%be%e8%b1%a1%e8%ae%8a%e5%9a%b4%e9%87%8d%e4%ba%86%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%9f2-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=38473","title":{"rendered":"\u6578\u4f4d\u751f\u6d3b\u8b93\u6210\u766e\u73fe\u8c61\u8b8a\u56b4\u91cd\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f(2\/2)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"single-post-media clr\">\n<div class=\"post-thumbnail\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/%E7%B6%B2%E8%B7%AF%E6%88%90%E7%99%AE.png\" alt=\"\u6578\u4f4d\u751f\u6d3b\u8b93\u6210\u766e\u73fe\u8c61\u8b8a\u56b4\u91cd\u4e86\u55ce\uff1f(2\/2)\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"entry clr\">\n<div class=\"pf-content\">\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff0fSuzi Gage\u2502\u8b6f\u8005\uff0f\u8cf4\u6bd3\u8c9e\u2502\u63d2\u756b\uff0fJoe Waldron<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u8f49\u8f09\u81ea\u300aBBC\u77e5\u8b58\u300b2019\u5e746\u6708\u7b2c94\u671f<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u884c\u70ba\u6210\u766e<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u9ebc\u6210\u766e\u6703\u4f7f\u8166\u90e8\u51fa\u73fe\u8b8a\u5316\u55ce\uff1f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u8a8d\u70ba\u795e\u7d93\u50b3\u5c0e\u7269\u8cea\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u8207\u6210\u766e\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u6109\u6085\u611f\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u522e\u522e\u6a02\u4e2d\u734e\u6216\u662f\u4eab\u53d7\u7f8e\u5473\u7684\u5de7\u514b\u529b\u86cb\u7cd5\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5f9e\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u7269\u4e0a\u7372\u5f97\u6109\u6085\u611f\u6700\u5f8c\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6709\u4e9b\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u6703\u8207\u8166\u4e2d\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u795e\u7d93\u50b3\u5c0e\u7269\u8cea\u300c\u9ea9\u80fa\u9178\u300d\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u9ea9\u80fa\u9178\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u300c\u9700\u8981\u300d\u67d0\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u300c\u60f3\u8981\u300d\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u6642\u9593\u904e\u53bb\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u5c0d\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7684\u654f\u611f\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e26\u964d\u4f4e\u8a72\u4e8b\u7269\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u6109\u6085\u611f\u3002\u4f7f\u7528\u85e5\u7269\u6216\u9152\u7cbe\u7b49\u7269\u8cea\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u6539\u8b8a\u8166\u90e8\u5316\u5b78\u74b0\u5883\u2500\u2500\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u4e2d\u6bd2\u671f\u9593\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u884c\u70ba\u4e5f\u80fd\u4ee5\u5e7e\u4e4e\u4e00\u6a23\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f15\u767c\u6109\u6085\u611f\uff08\u56e0\u6b64\u540c\u6a23\u727d\u6d89\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u6a5f\u5236\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u884c\u70ba\u51fa\u73fe\u6210\u766e\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u8207\u7269\u8cea\u6210\u766e\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Bowden-Jones\u65bc2008 \u5e74\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u7acb\u8ced\u535a\u554f\u984c\u8a3a\u6240\uff0c\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u552f\u4e00\u7372\u5f97\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5065\u4fdd\u5c40\u88dc\u52a9\u7684\u8ced\u535a\u6cbb\u7642\u4e2d\u5fc3\u3002\u5979\u898b\u904e\u82f1\u570b\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8ced\u535a\u6210\u766e\u75c5\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u6307\u51fa\u8ced\u535a\u554f\u984c\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u7684\u90a3\u9ebc\u56b4\u91cd\uff1b\u96d6\u7136\u8ced\u535a\u7684\u4eba\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u8ced\u535a\u5ee3\u544a\u4e5f\u96a8\u8655\u53ef\u898b\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8ced\u766e\u8005\u5360\u4e0d\u5230\u4eba\u53e3\u76841\uff05\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\u5979\u61f7\u7591\u7531\u65bc\u79d1\u6280\u666e\u53ca\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u67d0\u4e9b\u56e0\u5b50\u5c0e\u81f4\u98a8\u96aa\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u300c\u4f9b\u61c9\u91cf\u8d8a\u5927\uff0c\u4f60\u770b\u5230\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u91cf\u5c31\u8d8a\u5927\u3002\u300d\u6b64\u5916\u6709\u4e9b\u7dda\u4e0a\u904a\u6232\u548c\u624b\u6a5f\u61c9\u7528\u8edf\u9ad4\u5f9e\u8ced\u535a\u884c\u70ba\u7372\u5f97\u9748\u611f\uff0c\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u8b93\u4eba\u60f3\u4e00\u76f4\u73a9\u7684\u82b1\u6a23\uff0c\u5404\u570b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u4e5f\u5c0d\u6b64\u6182\u5fc3\u5fe1\u5fe1\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u5c31\u662f\u300c\u6230\u5229\u54c1\u7bb1\u300d\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8981\u82b1\u9322\u8cfc\u8cb7\u624d\u6703\u77e5\u9053\u7bb1\u5b50\u88e1\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u734e\u54c1\u3002\u6700\u8fd1\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8cfc\u8cb7\u9019\u985e\u734e\u54c1\u8207\u8f03\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u8ced\u535a\u6210\u766e\u884c\u70ba\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u62bd\u734e\u6642\u63a1\u7528\u8ced\u535a\u516c\u53f8\u611b\u7528\u7684\u300c\u8de1\u8fd1\u932f\u5931\u300d\uff08near miss\uff09\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u958b\u734e\u6642\u5728\u4f60\u5be6\u969b\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u6230\u5229\u54c1\u65c1\u908a\u986f\u793a\u4f60\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u537b\u64e6\u8eab\u800c\u904e\u7684\u6230\u5229\u54c1\uff0c\u9019\u6642\u8207\u8ced\u766e\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u6703\u66f4\u52a0\u5f37\u70c8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800cBowden-Jones\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u79d1\u6280\u9032\u6b65\u4e5f\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u90e8\u5206\u8ced\u535a\u6210\u766e\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u8edf\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u5354\u52a9\u4eba\u5011\u64cb\u6389\u8ced\u535a\u76f8\u95dc\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u9280\u884capp\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5207\u63db\u958b\u95dc\uff0c\u5c31\u7121\u6cd5\u5c07\u9322\u82b1\u5728\u8ced\u535a\u4e0a\u3002\u5979\u6df1\u4fe1\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u5927\u9032\u6b65\uff1a\u4ee5\u524d\u9f13\u52f5\u4eba\u5011\u5c07\u8ca1\u52d9\u4ea4\u7d66\u53e6\u4e00\u534a\u7ba1\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u6a23\u6703\u4f7f\u96d9\u65b9\u7522\u751f\u58d3\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6709\u5f37\u529b\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u6613\u589e\u52a0\u5bb6\u66b4\u98a8\u96aa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u6642\u503c\u5f97\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u5927\u773e\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u8ced\u535a\u548c\u96fb\u73a9\u7b49\u884c\u70ba\u6210\u766e\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5e74\u8f15\u4eba\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6feb\u7528\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5438\u83f8\u548c\u98f2\u9152\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u6709\u4e0b\u964d\u8da8\u52e2\u3002West\u8a8d\u70ba\u4e5f\u8a31\u4ed6\u5011\u662f\u5f9e\u4e00\u7a2e\u6709\u98a8\u96aa\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u4e0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8a2d\u5b9a\u754c\u7dda<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u771f\u7684\u8d8a\u4f86\u8d8a\u591a\u4eba\u6709\u6210\u766e\u554f\u984c\u55ce\uff1f\u5f88\u96e3\u8aaa\uff0c\u90e8\u5206\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u76ee\u524d\u5c0d\u65bc\u96fb\u73a9\u6210\u766e\u9019\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u6a19\u6e96\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u7684\u8abf\u67e5\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53ea\u662f\u770b\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5728\u5927\u773e\u904b\u8f38\u3001\u5728\u793e\u4ea4\u5834\u5408\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u8d70\u5728\u8def\u4e0a\u6642\u62b1\u8457\u624b\u6a5f\u4e0d\u653e\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u8868\u793a\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u6210\u70ba\u7db2\u8def\u6210\u766e\u7684\u570b\u5bb6\uff1a\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u90fd\u56e0\u70ba\u73a9\u624b\u904a\u800c\u5931\u696d\uff0c\u6216\u56e0\u70ba\u639b\u5728\u7db2\u8def\u3001\u793e\u4ea4\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u800c\u8207\u89aa\u8fd1\u7684\u4eba\u758f\u9060\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54\u5728\u5be9\u67e5\u5404\u7a2e\u8b49\u64da\u4ee5\u53ca\u8207\u5c08\u5bb6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u65bc2018 \u5e74\u5ba3\u5e03\u5c07\u96fb\u73a9\u6210\u766e\u5217\u70ba\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u60a3\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u64d4\u6182\u6b64\u8209\u6703\u904e\u5ea6\u8a3a\u65b7\u6253\u96fb\u73a9\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u6216\u4f7f\u4e4b\u75c5\u614b\u5316\uff1b\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5065\u4fdd\u5c40\u4e26\u672a\u63d0\u51fa\u96fb\u73a9\u6210\u766e\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u539f\u672c\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6027\u6cbb\u7642\u8a3a\u6240\u4e5f\u803d\u64f1\u4e86\uff0c\u986f\u7136\u6211\u5011\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u96fb\u73a9\u6210\u766e\uff08\u7de8\u8a3b\uff1a\u6211\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u885b\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u8abf\u67e5\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u53f0\u7063\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7db2\u8def\u904a\u6232\u6210\u766e\u76db\u884c\u7387\u5927\u7d04\u70ba3.1%\u3002\uff09\uff0c\u4f46\u53ef\u898b\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u96fb\u73a9\u73a9\u5bb6\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6253\u96fb\u73a9\u800c\u640d\u5bb3\u5065\u5eb7\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u90a3\u4e9b\u64d4\u6182\u6210\u766e\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u81ea\u5df1\u6216\u5468\u906d\u7684\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u51fa\u73fe\u8b66\u8a0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u6109\u5feb\u6d3b\u52d5\u8f49\u8b8a\u70ba\u5f37\u8feb\u578b\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5fb5\u5146\u3002Bowden-Jones\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u5982\u5b64\u7acb\u3001\u5c0d\u539f\u672c\u559c\u611b\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u8208\u8da3\u7f3a\u7f3a\u3001\u5c07\u81ea\u5df1\u5f9e\u539f\u672c\u6109\u5feb\u7684\u5bb6\u5ead\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\u62bd\u96e2\u3001\u5b78\u6821\u6210\u7e3e\u4e0b\u6ed1\u7b49\u7b49\uff1b\u4e0d\u904e\u6709\u4e9b\u662f\u9752\u5c11\u5e74\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u884c\u70ba\uff0cBowden-Jones\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8981\u7279\u5225\u91dd\u5c0d\u884c\u70ba\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8ca0\u9762\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u51fa\u73fe\u5b64\u7acb\u884c\u70ba\u6642\uff0c\u300c\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\u4e0d\u518d\u8207\u7236\u6bcd\u6216\u540c\u5115\u4e00\u8d77\u5403\u98ef\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e0a\u5b78\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u964d\u4f4e\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u67d0\u7a2e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0cWest\u6709\u4e9b\u5efa\u8a00\uff0c\u300c\u8207\u5176\u8a02\u5b9a\u6709\u5f48\u6027\u7684\u898f\u7bc4\uff0c\u4e0d\u5982\u8a2d\u5b9a\u56b4\u683c\u754c\u7dda\uff0c\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u9054\u5230\u81ea\u6211\u63a7\u5236\u3002\u300d\u82e5\u80fd\u56b4\u4ee5\u5f8b\u5df1\u3001\u6c7a\u4e0d\u8de8\u8d8a\u754c\u7dda\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u771f\u7684\u7a0d\u6709\u5dee\u932f\uff0c\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u56de\u5230\u6b63\u8ecc\u3002(\u5b8c)<\/p>\n<p>(\u672c\u6587\u7531\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u88dc\u52a9\u300cAI\u5831\u5831\u2500AI\u79d1\u666e\u63a8\u5ee3\u8a08\u756b\u300d\u53d6\u5f97\u7db2\u8def\u8f49\u8f09\u6388\u6b0a)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u53bb\u5e746\u6708\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c07\u300c\u7db2\u8def\u904a\u6232\u6210\u766e\u300d\u7d0d\u5165\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u5f15\u767c\u5404\u754c\u7591\u60d1\u8207\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u73a9\u7db2\u8def\u904a\u6232\u5c31\u7b97\u6210\u766e\u55ce\uff1f(\u7e8c\u524d\u6587)<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":38474,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3772,3293],"tags":[964,5760,443],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/01\/\u7db2\u8def\u6210\u766e.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38473"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38473"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38473\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38475,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38473\/revisions\/38475"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/38474"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38473"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38473"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38473"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}