{"id":38092,"date":"2020-08-07T00:00:36","date_gmt":"2020-08-06T16:00:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=38092"},"modified":"2021-12-27T15:22:02","modified_gmt":"2021-12-27T07:22:02","slug":"%e9%80%9a%e5%be%80%e5%b0%88%e5%ae%b6%e5%bf%83%e6%99%ba%e4%b9%8b%e8%b7%af1-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=38092","title":{"rendered":"\u901a\u5f80\u5c08\u5bb6\u5fc3\u667a\u4e4b\u8def(1\/3)"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"single-post-media clr\">\n<div class=\"post-thumbnail\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/checkmate-1511866_1920.jpg\" alt=\"\u901a\u5f80\u5c08\u5bb6\u5fc3\u667a\u4e4b\u8def(1\/3)\" width=\"500\" height=\"333\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<header class=\"post-header clr\"><\/header>\n<div class=\"entry clr\">\n<div class=\"pf-content\">\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff0fPhilip E. 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knowledge\uff09\u662f\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0b\u76f2\u68cb\u7684\u5927\u5e2b\u9084\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6709\u95dc\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u68cb\u5c40\u8207\u66fe\u7d93\u4e0b\u904e\u7684\u68cb\u6b65\u4e2d\uff0c\u91cd\u8981\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\uff0c\u5927\u5e2b\u591a\u5c11\u8a18\u4e0d\u5f97\u58eb\u5175\u7684\u78ba\u5207\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u5178\u578b\u7684\u958b\u68cb\u7b56\u7565\u958b\u59cb\uff08\u958b\u68cb\u90e8\u4efd\u5df2\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u76f8\u7576\u5fb9\u5e95\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u7a2e\u958b\u68cb\u8d70\u6cd5\uff09\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u58eb\u5175\u61c9\u8a72\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u6216\u8005\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a18\u5f97\u4e4b\u524d\u68cb\u6b65\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u63a8\u6572\u8457\u300c\u524d\u5169\u6b65\u6c92\u6709\u902e\u5230\u4e3b\u6559\uff0c\u8868\u793a\u58eb\u5175\u4e00\u5b9a\u64cb\u5728\u524d\u9762\u2026\u2026\u300d\u3002\u5927\u5e2b\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u9700\u8981\u6642\u6642\u90fd\u8a18\u5f97\u6240\u6709\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u7d44\u7e54\u826f\u597d\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u91cd\u5efa\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u64c1\u6709\u9019\u7a2e\u8907\u96dc\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u4e0b\u76f2\u68cb\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u5927\u5e2b\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u8a08\u7b97\u68cb\u6b65\u8207\u8a08\u756b\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u897f\u6d0b\u68cb\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u5c31\u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u4f9d\u9760\u5929\u751f\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8a13\u7df4\u3002\u8377\u862d\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5fb7\u845b\u9b6f\u7279\uff08Adriaan de Groot\uff09\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u897f\u6d0b\u68cb\u5927\u5e2b\uff0c1938\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5229\u7528\u8377\u862d\u8209\u884c\u7684\u4e00\u6b21\u5927\u578b\u570b\u969b\u6bd4\u8cfd\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e86\u4e16\u754c\u9802\u5c16\u7279\u7d1a\u5927\u5e2b\u3001\u4e00\u822c\u68cb\u624b\u3001\u6709\u5be6\u529b\u68cb\u624b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u9019\u7a2e\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u7528\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u8981\u6c42\u6bd4\u8cfd\u9078\u624b\u91dd\u5c0d\u8a72\u5834\u6bd4\u8cfd\u7684\u4e00\u5c40\u68cb\uff0c\u63cf\u8ff0\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u897f\u6d0b\u68cb\u9ad8\u624b\uff08expert\uff0c\u5927\u5e2b\u7684\u6b21\u4e00\u7b49\u7d1a\uff09\u7684\u78ba\u8981\u6bd4\u68cb\u6280\u8f03\u5f31\u7684\u9078\u624b\uff0c\u591a\u8003\u616e\u4e86\u5e7e\u6b65\u68cb\uff0c\u4f46\u5927\u5e2b\u6216\u7279\u7d1a\u5927\u5e2b\u6240\u8003\u616e\u7684\u68cb\u6b65\u6c92\u6709\u518d\u589e\u52a0\u3002\u4e00\u5982\u5361\u5e15\u5e03\u862d\u5361\u6240\u8aaa\uff0c\u68cb\u4e0b\u5f97\u597d\u7684\u9078\u624b\u8003\u616e\u7684\u4e0d\u662f\u66f4\u591a\u68cb\u6b65\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u68cb\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5fb7\u845b\u9b6f\u7279\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u4ed6\u6240\u9078\u5b9a\u7684\u68cb\u5c40\u3002\u6bd4\u8d77\u696d\u9918\u9078\u624b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u5168\u9762\u7cbe\u78ba\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u68cb\u5c40\uff0c\u66f4\u80fd\u8b93\u7279\u7d1a\u5927\u5e2b\u5927\u5c55\u8eab\u624b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u6df1\u5165\u63a2\u8a0e\u5404\u7a2e\u68cb\u6b65\u53ef\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u8ad6\uff0c\u6709\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u8a31\u5076\u723e\u6703\u6bd4\u7269\u7406\u7cfb\u5b78\u751f\u8003\u616e\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u5c31\u9019\u5169\u8005\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5c08\u5bb6\u4f9d\u9760\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u662f\u81ea\u5df1\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u6bd4\u8f03\u5f37\u7684\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u9762\u5c0d\u4e00\u76e4\u9ad8\u96e3\u5ea6\u7684\u68cb\u5c40\uff0c\u8f03\u5f31\u7684\u9078\u624b\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8003\u616e\u500b\u534a\u5c0f\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u60f3\u4e86\u597d\u591a\u6b65\u68cb\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u932f\u5931\u4e86\u8a72\u4e0b\u7684\u68cb\u6b65\uff1b\u7279\u7d1a\u5927\u5e2b\u537b\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e00\u773c\u770b\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u5fc5\u523b\u610f\u5206\u6790\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5fb7\u845b\u9b6f\u7279\u4e5f\u8b93\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u6aa2\u8996\u4e00\u76e4\u68cb\u5c40\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8981\u4ed6\u5011\u6191\u8a18\u61b6\u5c07\u68cb\u5c40\u91cd\u65b0\u6392\u8a2d\u51fa\u4f86\u3002\u57f7\u884c\u9019\u9805\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u65b0\u624b\u8207\u5927\u5e2b\u4e4b\u9593\u68cb\u6280\u7684\u5dee\u5225\u3002\u521d\u5b78\u8005\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u770b\u4e8630\u79d2\u9418\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u53ea\u80fd\u8a18\u5f97\u6975\u5c11\u6578\u7684\u68cb\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u800c\u7279\u7d1a\u5927\u5e2b\u53ea\u770b\u4e86\u5e7e\u79d2\u9418\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b63\u78ba\u7121\u8aa4\u5730\u6392\u8a2d\u51fa\u68cb\u5c40\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u5dee\u7570\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u67d0\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\uff0c\u5c08\u8cac\u68cb\u8cfd\u4e2d\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u68cb\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u5fc5\u7136\u662f\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u897f\u6d0b\u68cb\u7279\u7d1a\u5927\u5e2b\u5728\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u6e2c\u8a66\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u6bd4\u5e73\u5e38\u4eba\u597d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6a4b\u724c\u9078\u624b\u8a18\u5f97\u4f4f\u8a31\u591a\u6bd4\u8cfd\u7684\u724c\u5c40\u3001\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u5e2b\u5beb\u5f97\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u96fb\u8166\u7a0b\u5f0f\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\u5bb6\u8a18\u5f97\u4f4f\u5f88\u9577\u7684\u6a02\u66f2\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u7279\u5b9a\u9818\u57df\u4e3b\u984c\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u5c31\u662f\u8b49\u660e\u5c08\u5bb6\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u6e2c\u8a66\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5c08\u5bb6\u6bd4\u8f03\u4f9d\u8cf4\u7d50\u69cb\u6027\u77e5\u8b58\u800c\u975e\u5206\u6790\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u7f55\u898b\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u7814\u7a76\u7576\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u8b49\u5be6\u3002\u4e00\u4f4d\u59d3\u540d\u7e2e\u5beb\u70baDH\u7684\u9078\u624b\u539f\u672c\u5be6\u529b\u4e0d\u5f37\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u4e5d\u5e74\u5167\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u52a0\u62ff\u59271987\u5e74\u7684\u9802\u5c16\u5927\u5e2b\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u5f17\u7f85\u91cc\u9054\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u67e5\u5c3c\u65af\uff08Neil Charness\uff09\u6307\u51fa\uff0cDH\u7684\u5be6\u529b\u96d6\u7136\u589e\u5f37\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u80fd\u66f4\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u5206\u6790\u68cb\u5c40\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u5c0d\u68cb\u5c40\u9663\u52e2\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5927\u5e45\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u3002(<a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=80961\">\u5f85\u7e8c<\/a>)<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/10-unlocked-4.jpg\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-80958 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/01\/10-unlocked-4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"2224\" height=\"2258\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>(\u672c\u6587\u7531\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u88dc\u52a9\u300cAI\u5831\u5831\u2500AI\u79d1\u666e\u63a8\u5ee3\u8a08\u756b\u300d\u53d6\u5f97\u7db2\u8def\u8f49\u8f09\u6388\u6b0a)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u64b0\u6587\uff0fPhilip E. Ross\uff5c\u8b6f\u8005<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":21,"featured_media":38093,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3772,3293],"tags":[5488,2935,5489],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/12\/checkmate-1511866_1920.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38092"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/21"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=38092"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38092\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":38094,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/38092\/revisions\/38094"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/38093"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=38092"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=38092"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=38092"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}