{"id":37826,"date":"2021-02-03T00:00:42","date_gmt":"2021-02-02T16:00:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=37826"},"modified":"2021-12-10T11:54:05","modified_gmt":"2021-12-10T03:54:05","slug":"%e5%81%87%e5%a6%82%e6%a9%9f%e5%99%a8%e4%ba%ba%e6%90%b6%e8%b5%b0%e5%b7%a5%e4%bd%9c%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=37826","title":{"rendered":"\u5047\u5982\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u6436\u8d70\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\u5047\u5982\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u6436\u8d70\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1f\"<\/div>\n<\/div>\n
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\u64b0\u6587\uff0fHayley Bennet\u2502\u8b6f\u8005\uff0f\u5e38\u9756\u2502\u63d2\u5716\uff0fJoe Waldron<\/strong>
\n\u8f49\u8f09\u81ea\u300aBBC\u77e5\u8b58\u300b2020\u5e743\u6708\u7b2c103\u671f<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.\u9084\u662f\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u505a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5230\u5e95\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u4eba\u6703\u771f\u7684\u56e0\u70ba\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u800c\u5931\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u5462\uff1f2018\u5e74\u4e00\u4efd\u7531\u82f1\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u5b78\u8853\u9662\u548c\u7687\u5bb6\u5b78\u6703\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5831\u544a\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u82f1\u570b\u5927\u7d04\u670910\uff05\u81f330\uff05\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u300d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u9019\u4e9b\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f88\u5feb\u5c31\u80fd\u7531\u6a5f\u5668\u4ee3\u52de\u3002\u6839\u64da\u8a72\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u88fd\u9020\u696d\u5df2\u627f\u53d7\u91cd\u5927\u640d\u5931\uff0c\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u5c31\u662f\u901f\u98df\u751f\u7522\u3001\u7ba1\u7406\u548c\u8a18\u5e33\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u99d5\u99db\u54e1\u5247\u6700\u7d42\u6703\u906d\u5230\u81ea\u52d5\u99d5\u99db\u8eca\u7684\u53d6\u4ee3\u3002\u7136\u800c\u8a72\u5831\u544a\u4e5f\u9810\u671f\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u4fdd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4f4e\u85aa\u7684\u9ad4\u529b\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u7167\u8b77\u5b69\u7ae5\u8207\u8001\u4eba\u4ee5\u53ca\u7dad\u4fee\u7ba1\u7dda\u3002<\/p>\n

\u82f1\u570b\u5df4\u65af\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u653f\u7b56\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u76e7\u514b\uff0e\u99ac\u4e01\u6d85\u91cc\u535a\u58eb\uff08Luke Martinelli\uff09\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u5f9e\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u4e0d\u592a\u53ef\u80fd\u5931\u53bb\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u65e9\u572819\u4e16\u7d00\u548c\u5f8c\u4f86\u76841930\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u4eba\u9810\u6e2c\u4eba\u985e\u6703\u5b8c\u5168\u88ab\u6a5f\u5668\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u6210\u771f\u3002\u300c\u6240\u4ee5\u6709\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u6c38\u9060\u90fd\u6703\u6709\u5de5\u4f5c\u505a\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u505a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u800c\u5df2\uff0c\u300d\u99ac\u4e01\u6d85\u91cc\u535a\u58eb\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4fdd\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u9700\u8981\u5275\u610f\u548c\u4eba\u969b\u4f86\u5f80\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u4e5f\u88dc\u5145\u8aaa\uff0c\u6700\u60b2\u89c0\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u4e8b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u505a\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u5728\u5275\u610f\u7522\u696d\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u6a5f\u5668\u5b78\u7fd2\u7cfb\u7d71\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u8207\u4eba\u985e\u4f5c\u54c1\u7121\u7570\u7684\u7e6a\u756b\u3001\u96d5\u5851\u3001\u97f3\u6a02\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u96fb\u5f71\u9810\u544a\u7247\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u8f03\u5408\u4e4e\u908f\u8f2f\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u60c5\u6cc1\u6700\u7d42\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9808\u5728\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u7d71\u6cbb\u8005\u9762\u524d\u4f4e\u982d\u3002\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u7d10\u897f\u862d\u5df2\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u865b\u64ec\u3001\u4ee5\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u540d\u53eb\u5c71\u59c6\uff0c\u4ed6\u80fd\u548c\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u9078\u6c11\u5c0d\u8a71\uff08\u800c\u4e14\u7d55\u7121\u8b0a\u8a00\u6216\u65b7\u7ae0\u53d6\u7fa9\uff09\uff0c\u64da\u7a31\u751a\u81f3\u6253\u7b97\u5728\u4e0b\u6b21\u9078\u8209\u4e2d\u89d2\u9010\u570b\u6703\u8b70\u54e1\u4e4b\u4f4d\u3002\u6216\u8a31\u9019\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u771f\u7684\u505a\u5f97\u6bd4\u6211\u5011\u597d\u2026\u2026<\/p>\n

2.\u6211\u5011\u6703\u904e\u5f97\u5f88\u60b2\u6158<\/strong><\/p>\n

1929\u5e74\uff0c\u5967\u5730\u5229\u66fe\u6709\u4e00\u6574\u500b\u793e\u5340\u5728\u4e00\u591c\u4e4b\u9593\u5168\u6578\u5931\u696d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u5bb6\u5e7e\u4e4e\u63d0\u4f9b\u6574\u500b\u99ac\u9023\u5854\u723e\u6751\uff08Marienthal\uff09\u6240\u6709\u5c31\u696d\u6a5f\u6703\u7684\u7d21\u7e54\u5de5\u5ee0\u95dc\u9589\u3002\u9019\u6210\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u746a\u8389\uff0e\u96c5\u8377\u9054\uff08Marie Jahoda\uff09\u4e00\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u958b\u7aef\uff0c\u5979\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c07\u7562\u751f\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u7d50\u6676\u7d71\u6574\u70ba\u5931\u696d\u7684\u300c\u525d\u596a\u7406\u8ad6\u300d\u3002\u96c5\u8377\u9054\u548c\u99ac\u9023\u5854\u723e\u7684\u7576\u5730\u5c45\u6c11\u76f8\u8655\u4e86\u6578\u9031\uff0c\u4e26\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u4eba\u5011\u5931\u696d\u6642\u906d\u9047\u56f0\u5883\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0d\u53ea\u63d0\u4f9b\u91d1\u9322\uff0c\u4e5f\u6eff\u8db3\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u5fc3\u7406\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u793e\u4ea4\u9023\u7d50\u3001\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u8207\u6642\u9593\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u76f4\u6c92\u6709\u4eba\u56b4\u683c\u6e2c\u8a66\u904e\u96c5\u8377\u9054\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u5b89\u5fb7\u91cc\u96c5\uff0e\u5207\u514b\u66fc\u535a\u58eb\uff08Andrea Zechmann\uff09\u8207\u5979\u5728\u5fb7\u570b\u7d10\u502b\u5821\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5361\u65af\u767b\uff0e\u4fdd\u7f85\u6559\u6388\uff08Karsten Paul\uff09\u958b\u59cb\u8207\u6578\u767e\u4f4d\u5f85\u696d\u4eba\u58eb\u5c0d\u8ac7\u3002\u5169\u4eba\u57282019\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u5931\u53bb\u5de5\u4f5c\u4f7f\u4eba\u6291\u9b31\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6709\u4e03\u7a2e\u5fc3\u7406\u9700\u6c42\u672a\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6eff\u8db3\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u7a2e\u96c6\u9ad4\u76ee\u7684\uff1a\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u9019\u8868\u793a\u7531\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u5931\u696d\u6703\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u904e\u5f97\u5f88\u60b2\u6158\u3002\u6709\u591a\u60b2\u6158\uff1f\u53ea\u80fd\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6211\u5011\u9577\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u5931\u696d\u6240\u5f97\u77e5\u7684\u5c11\u91cf\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4f86\u63a8\u6572\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u72c0\u6cc1\u6703\u505c\u6eef\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u597d\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u300d\u5207\u514b\u66fc\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u9019\u986f\u7136\u4ee3\u8868\u8a31\u591a\u9577\u671f\u5931\u696d\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u9677\u5165\u6182\u9b31\u3002\u300d\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u6301\u7e8c\u6c42\u8077\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u6253\u7b97\u518d\u5ea6\u5c31\u696d\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5c31\u5f88\u96e3\u9810\u6599\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u6709\u6642\u9593\u505a\u5225\u7684\u4e8b<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u82e5\u8981\u586b\u88dc\u5931\u696d\u6240\u7559\u4e0b\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u6642\u9593\u7a7a\u7f3a\uff0c\u6709\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u53bb\u627e\u66f4\u591a\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u662f\u6709\u9322\u62ff\u7684\u90a3\u7a2e\u3002\u300c\u5728\u5f8c\u5c31\u696d\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\uff0c\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\u4f86\u53d6\u4ee3\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u300d\u5207\u514b\u66fc\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u300c\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u9078\u64c7\u5fd7\u9858\u670d\u52d9\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u6709\u4e9b\u4eba\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u505a\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u96c6\u9ad4\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u70ba\u66f4\u5049\u5927\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\u800c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

\u6216\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u6211\u5011\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u76ee\u6a19\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70ba\u5354\u52a9\u6a5f\u5668\u4eba\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e16\u4e0a\u6700\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u6210\u70ba\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u5c08\u696d\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u7121\u4eba\u8cc7\u52a9\u6216\u81ea\u884c\u52df\u8cc7\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u505a\u9019\u7a2e\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5230\u4e861930\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u6c23\u5019\u8b8a\u9077\u7684\u84cb\uff0e\u5361\u502b\u5f97\uff08Guy Callendar\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u8eab\u5206\u90fd\u66f4\u63a5\u8fd1\u696d\u9918\u611b\u597d\u8005\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u771f\u6b63\u5177\u8cc7\u683c\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u3002\u73fe\u5728\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5fd7\u9858\u8005\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u53eb\u516c\u6c11\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u95dc\u6ce8\u8774\u8776\u6578\u91cf\u548c\u6d77\u7058\u4e0a\u7684\u5783\u573e\u3002\u7121\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u884c\u5217\u3002<\/p>\n

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4.\u7121\u6240\u4e8b\u4e8b\u4e5f\u6709\u9322\u62ff<\/strong><\/p>\n

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5.\u9084\u662f\u5f97\u505a\u5bb6\u4e8b<\/strong><\/p>\n

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