{"id":37556,"date":"2021-11-26T00:54:38","date_gmt":"2021-11-25T16:54:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=37556"},"modified":"2021-12-13T14:04:50","modified_gmt":"2021-12-13T06:04:50","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%8f%b2%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e5%8d%81%e4%b8%80%e6%9c%88%e3%80%911837%e5%b9%b411%e6%9c%8823%e6%97%a5%ef%bc%9a%e7%8f%be%e4%bb%a3%e5%88%86%e5%ad%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e4%b9%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=37556","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7269\u7406\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u30111837 \u5e74 11 \u6708 23 \u65e5\uff1a\u73fe\u4ee3\u5206\u5b50\u79d1\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u2014\u2014\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\uff08Johannes van der Waals\uff09\u7684\u8a95\u751f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>1837 \u5e74 11 \u6708 23 \u65e5\uff1a\u73fe\u4ee3\u5206\u5b50\u79d1\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u2014\u2014\u81ea\u5b78\u6210\u529f\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\uff08Johannes van der Waals\uff09\u7684\u8a95\u751f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\uff5c\u856d\u5982\u73c0\u3001\u694a\u4fe1\u7537\uff08\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\uff09<\/strong>\uff08\u8b6f\u81ea&nbsp;<em>APS News<\/em>\uff0c2021 \u5e74 11 \u6708\uff09<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_37557\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-37557\" style=\"width: 353px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-37557\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/11.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"353\" height=\"400\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/11.jpg 600w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/11\/11-265x300.jpg 265w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 353px) 100vw, 353px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-37557\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wikicommons<br \/>\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\uff08Johannes Diderik van der Waals\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u5728\u300a\u8cbb\u66fc\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u8b1b\u7fa9\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5ee3\u70ba\u4eba\u77e5\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u8cbb\u66fc\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u4fbf\u554f\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u6700\u61c9\u8a72\u70ba\u5b50\u5b6b\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u662f\u54ea\u4e00\u5247\u79d1\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u800c\u4ed6\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u662f\uff1a\u6240\u6709\u7269\u8cea\u7686\u7531\u539f\u5b50\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u986f\u800c\u6613\u898b\u2014\u2014\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u53ef\u8ffd\u6714\u5230\u53e4\u5e0c\u81d8\u6642\u4ee3\u2014\u2014\u7136\u800c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u76f4\u523020\u4e16\u7d00\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u6fc0\u70c8\u722d\u8faf\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e16\u754c\u7531\u5206\u5b50\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u3001\u4ee4\u4eba\u4fe1\u670d\u8b49\u64da\u7684\u662f\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\uff08Johannes Diderik van der Waals\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u539f\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u8377\u862d\u7684\u5c0f\u5b78\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u77e5\u8b58\u5927\u90fd\u81ea\u5b78\u800c\u5f97\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u52aa\u529b\u4e0d\u61c8\uff0c\u7d42\u6210\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u5206\u5b50\u79d1\u5b78\u4e4b\u7236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u4f4d\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u65bc 1837 \u5e74 11 \u6708 23 \u65e5\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u8377\u862d\u840a\u767b\u5e02\uff08Leiden, the Netherlands\uff09\u4e00\u500b\u56f0\u82e6\u7684\u6728\u5de5\u5bb6\u5ead\uff0c\u662f\u5bb6\u4e2d 10 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University\uff09\u4e0a\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5929\u6587\u8ab2\u7a0b\uff0c\u537b\u56e0\u70ba\u5165\u5b78\u8a31\u53ef\u898f\u5b9a\u8981\u8003\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\uff0c\u6578\u5ea6\u88ab\u62d2\u7d55\u8a3b\u518a\u70ba\u5168\u8077\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86\u8377\u862d\u5be6\u65bd\u5168\u9762\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u63a8\u5ee3\u4e2d\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u8981\u6210\u70ba\u4e2d\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u7576\u4e86 10 \u591a\u5e74\u7684\u7269\u7406\u8001\u5e2b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96a8\u8457\u8377\u862d\u6559\u80b2\u653f\u7b56\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u6539\u9769\uff0c\u53d6\u6d88\u5927\u5b78\u5165\u5b78\u8003\u62c9\u4e01\u6587\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\uff0c\u958b\u5c55\u4e86\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u7684\u4e16\u754c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u5728\u840a\u767b\u5927\u5b78\u901a\u904e\u7269\u7406\u548c\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u8cc7\u683c\u8003\u8a66\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u4ed6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u696d\u30021873 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u7d42\u65bc\u5728 36 \u6b72\u6642\u7372\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u300a\u95dc\u65bc\u6c23\u9ad4\u548c\u6db2\u9ad4\u72c0\u614b\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\u300b\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u73fe\u4ee3\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u8b93\u4ed6\u65bc 1910 \u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u3002\u5728\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e3b\u5f35\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u7d71\u4e00\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u4f86\u8aaa\u660e\u6c23\u9ad4\u548c\u6db2\u9ad4\u7684\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u4e86\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>\uff08P + a\/V<sup>2<\/sup> \uff09\uff08V \u2013 b\uff09= RT\uff0c<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6b64\uff0c<em>P<\/em>, <em>V<\/em>, \u548c <em>T&nbsp;<\/em>\u4ee3\u8868\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u58d3\u529b\u3001\u9ad4\u7a4d\u548c\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c<em>a<\/em> \u548c <em>b<\/em> \u662f\u5e38\u6578\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u5728\u65bc\u4ed6\u8abf\u6574\u7406\u60f3\u6c23\u9ad4\u72c0\u614b\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff08PV = nRT\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u6db5\u84cb\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u9593\u529b\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6d1e\u5bdf\u529b\u5728\u7576\u6642\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u4ecd\u662f\u6fc0\u70c8\u722d\u8faf\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u9060\u898b\u7684\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u7528\u8aaa\u8ad6\u53ca\u539f\u5b50\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u548c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u65bd\u529b\u4e86\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u8868\u9054\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u656c\u610f\uff0c\u5f9e\u90a3\u6642\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5df2\u88ab\u8b49\u660e\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5f31\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u90fd\u7a31\u70ba\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u71b1\u529b\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5de8\u4eba\u99ac\u514b\u58eb\u5a01\uff08James Clerk Maxwell\uff09\u5728\u8a55\u8ad6\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u767c\u8868\u65bc\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\uff08<em>Nature<\/em>\uff09\u96dc\u8a8c\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u6642\uff0c\u5f88\u6709\u5148\u898b\u5730\u6307\u51fa\uff1a\u300c\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u5730\uff0c\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u7684\u540d\u5b57\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u6703\u88ab\u5217\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u79d1\u5b78\u6700\u524d\u6cbf\u4e2d\u3002\u300d\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u9019\u65e9\u4f86\u7684\u8b9a\u8b7d\uff0c\u4f46\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u6210\u5c31\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8a8d\u540c\u537b\u4f86\u5f97\u7de9\u6162\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8d77\u521d\u53ea\u4ee5\u8377\u862d\u6587\u767c\u8868\u3002\u76f4\u5230 1877 \u5e74\uff0c\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u5ee3\u6cdb\u6d41\u50b3\u7684\u5fb7\u8a9e\u96dc\u8a8c\u300a\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5e74\u9451\u300b\uff08<em>Annalen der Physik<\/em>\uff09\u4e2d\u88ab\u505a\u4e86\u6982\u8ff0\u4ecb\u7d39\u5f8c\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u754c\u624d\u5b8c\u5168\u660e\u767d\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u800c\u6fc0\u8d77\u4e00\u9663\u6db2\u9ad4\u548c\u6c23\u9ad4\u5206\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u71b1\u6f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u70ba\u6b64\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u8b9a\u8b7d\uff0c\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u96e2\u958b\u4ed6\u4e2d\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u8077\u4f4d\uff0c\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u65b0\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u5927\u5b78\uff08University of Amsterdam\uff09\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6559\u6388\u8077\u3002\u5728\u88ab\u5b78\u8853\u754c\u62d2\u65bc\u9580\u5916\u9019\u9ebc\u4e45\u5f8c\uff0c\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u548c\u4ed6\u4ea4\u5f80\u5bc6\u5207\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u51e1\u7279\u4f55\u592b\uff08Henry van\u2019t Hoff\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c46\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fb7\u5bcc\u529b\uff08Hugo de Vries\uff0c\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u5b78\u8005\uff09\u6700\u7d42\u5f15\u9818\u4e86\u65b0\u5927\u5b78\u5728\u8377\u862d\u79d1\u5b78\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u9ec3\u91d1\u5e74\u4ee3\u4e2d\u812b\u7a4e\u800c\u51fa\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u96a8\u5f8c\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u5305\u62ec\u5c0d\u61c9\u72c0\u614b\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u6b64\u7406\u8ad6\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6c2b\u548c\u6c26\u6db2\u5316\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u63a5\u8457\u65bc 1911 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