{"id":37306,"date":"2021-10-26T00:57:56","date_gmt":"2021-10-25T16:57:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=37306"},"modified":"2021-10-28T09:32:22","modified_gmt":"2021-10-28T01:32:22","slug":"%e5%8e%9f%e5%8d%b0%e6%ad%90%e8%aa%9e%e6%97%8f%e9%9d%92%e9%8a%85%e6%99%82%e4%bb%a3%e7%9a%84%e6%ad%90%e4%ba%9e%e5%a4%a7%e9%81%b7%e5%be%99%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e8%88%87%e9%81%a9%e6%87%89%e9%a3%9f%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=37306","title":{"rendered":"\u539f\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u65cf\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u6b50\u4e9e\u5927\u9077\u5f99\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u9069\u61c9\u98df\u7528\u4e73\u54c1\u6709\u95dc"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5fb7\u570b\u5409\u7d0d\u99ac\u514b\u65af\u666e\u6717\u514b\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5718\u968a\u91dd\u5c0d56\u5177\u4f86\u81ea\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u897f\u5357\u90e8\uff0c\u8ddd\u4eca4600\u81f31700 BC\u907a\u9ab8\u7259\u7d50\u77f3\u5167\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u5206\u6790\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u539f\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u65cf\u5728\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u5411\u5916\u9077\u5f99\u64f4\u5f35\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u9069\u61c9\u98df\u7528\u4e73\u54c1\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u539f\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u65cf\u5411\u6b50\u6d32\u5404\u5730\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u4e0d\u50c5\u5e36\u5165\u4e86\u8eca\u8f2a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u4f7f\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u5728\u6210\u5e74\u5f8c\u80fd\u5920\u8010\u53d7\u4e73\u7cd6\u3001\u98df\u7528\u4e73\u54c1\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\u57fa\u56e0\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u98df\u7528\u7684\u4e73\u54c1\u7a2e\u985e\u4e2d\u610f\u5916\u767c\u73fe\u5230\u99ac\u5976\uff0c\u9593\u63a5\u8b49\u5be6\u99ac\u7684\u99b4\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u6771\u6b50\u5927\u8349\u539f\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5716\u7247\u51fa\u8655\uff1aWikimedia commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u7de8\u8b6f\uff5c<\/strong>\u6c5f\u67cf\u6bc5<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6839\u64daDNA\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u65b0\u77f3\u5668\u6642\u4ee3\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8fb2\u4eba\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5b89\u7d0d\u6258\u5229\u4e9e\u7684\u8fb2\u696d\u65cf\u7fa4\u9077\u5f99\uff0c\u4eba\u7fa4\u62b5\u9054\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u9996\u7ad9\u70ba\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u6771\u90e8\u7684\u514b\u91cc\u7279\u5cf6\uff08\u7d047000 BC\uff09\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u5927\u7d04\u4e94\u767e\u5e74\u5f8c\u4f86\u5230\u5df4\u723e\u5e79\u534a\u5cf6\u7684\u745f\u85a9\u5229\u5e73\u539f\uff08Thessaly\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8fb2\u696d\u4eba\u7fa4\u5927\u7d04\u57284000 BC\u5de6\u53f3\u64f4\u6563\u81f3\u6b50\u6d32\u5168\u5883\uff0c\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u81ea\u672b\u6b21\u51b0\u6cb3\u671f\u5f8c\u539f\u751f\u6d3b\u65bc\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u72e9\u7375\u63a1\u96c6\u8005\u7531\u65bc\u4eba\u53e3\u76f8\u5c0d\u8f03\u5c11\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u88ab\u65b0\u9032\u5165\u7684\u9f90\u5927\u8fb2\u696d\u4eba\u53e3\u900f\u904e\u806f\u59fb\u65b9\u5f0f\uff08\u591a\u63a1\u7537\u6027\u8fb2\u4eba\u8207\u5973\u6027\u72e9\u7375\u63a1\u96c6\u8005\u5a5a\u59fb\u6a21\u5f0f\uff09\u53d6\u4ee3\uff0c\u6216\u900f\u904e\u5b78\u7fd2\u8f49\u8b8a\u751f\u696d\u6a21\u5f0f\u6210\u70ba\u8fb2\u4eba\u6216\u6f01\u7375\u3001\u8fb2\u696d\u4e26\u884c\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002\u6b64\u70ba\u6b50\u6d32\u5927\u9678\u9996\u6b21\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8b8a\u9769\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6b50\u6d32\u5404\u5730\u9032\u5165\u9285\u77f3\u4e26\u7528\u6642\u4ee3\uff08Chalcolithic\uff09\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5927\u7d04\u57285000\u81f34000 BC\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u9032\u5165\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u3002\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u9752\u9285\u6280\u8853\u61c9\u70ba\u672c\u5730\u591a\u5143\u8d77\u6e90\uff0c\u9752\u9285\u5668\u7684\u51fa\u73fe\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5927\u5e45\u6539\u8b8a\u9285\u77f3\u4e26\u7528\u6642\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u9762\u8c8c\u8207\u6c34\u6e96\uff08\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u611b\u7434\u6d77\u4ee5\u5916\u5730\u5340\uff09\uff0c\u9752\u9285\u5668\u50c5\u662f\u8eab\u5206\u8207\u8ca1\u5bcc\u7684\u8c61\u5fb5\u3002\u793e\u6703\u8907\u96dc\u5316\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\u50c5\u51fa\u73fe\u65bc\u611b\u7434\u6d77\u4e00\u5e36\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u8207\u611b\u7434\u6d77\u5730\u5340\u540c\u897f\u5357\u4e9e\u3001\u57c3\u53ca\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\u8f03\u70ba\u983b\u7e41\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u64da2015\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u65bcNature<\/em>\u671f\u520a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u57282800 BC\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u4f86\u81ea\u9ed1\u6d77\u4ee5\u5317\u6771\u6b50\u5927\u8349\u539f\u7684\u904a\u7267\u4eba\u65cf\u53ef\u80fd\u66fe\u4ee5\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u9077\u5f99\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5411\u897f\u9032\u5165\u6b50\u6d32\uff0c\u5411\u6771\u3001\u5411\u5317\u9032\u5165\u897f\u4e9e\u3001\u4e2d\u4e9e\u8207\u5357\u4e9e\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u3001\u4eba\u985e\u5b78\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9019\u6279\u65cf\u7fa4\u53ef\u80fd\u5373\u539f\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u65cf\uff08Proto Indo-European, PIE\uff09\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5411\u897f\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u9077\u5f99\u7684\u539f\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u65cf\u5927\u5e45\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u9762\u8c8c\uff0c\u4e26\u5f62\u5851\u4e86\u4eca\u65e5\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u53e3\u7684\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u5206\u5e03\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6839\u64da\u58b3\u585a\u5047\u8aaa\uff08Kurgan hypothesis\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u6279\u539f\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u6e38\u7267\u65cf\u7fa4\uff08\u5728\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u4e2d\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u984f\u7d0d\u4e9e\u6587\u5316Yamnaya culture\uff09\u9032\u5165\u6b50\u6d32\u7684\u9996\u7ad9\u70ba\u840a\u8335\u6cb3\u6d41\u57df\u4ee5\u6771\u81f3\u7aa9\u74e6\u6cb3\u4ee5\u897f\u7684\u4e2d\u6b50\u5317\u90e8\u3001\u5317\u6b50\u5357\u90e8\u53ca\u6771\u6b50\uff0c\u57282800-2350 BC\u5de6\u53f3\u65bc\u7576\u5730\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u7e69\u7d0b\u9676\u6587\u5316\uff08Corded ware culture\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u6301\u7e8c\u5411\u897f\u64f4\u5f35\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4eba\u7fa4\u65bc2400 BC\u5de6\u53f3\u8207\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u81ea\u4f0a\u6bd4\u5229\u534a\u5cf6\u7684\u9418\u5f62\u676f\u6587\u5316\uff08Bell beaker culture\uff09\u76f8\u9047\uff0c\u7522\u751f\u591a\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6587\u5316\u4ea4\u6d41\u3002<\/p>\n

\u539f\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u65cf\u81ea\u6771\u6b50\u5927\u8349\u539f\u6771\u5357\u90e8\u5411\u5916\u5927\u898f\u6a21\u9077\u5f99\u64f4\u5f35\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u4ee5\u4f86\u662f\u5b78\u754c\u4e9f\u6b32\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u3002\u6700\u65b0\u7531\u5fb7\u570b\u5409\u7d0d\u99ac\u514b\u65af\u666e\u6717\u514b\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u767c\u8868\u65bcNature<\/em>\u671f\u520a\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u539f\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u65cf\u7684\u5411\u5916\u9077\u5f99\u64f4\u5f35\u8207\u9069\u61c9\u98df\u7528\u4e73\u54c1\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u539f\u5370\u6b50\u8a9e\u65cf\u5411\u6b50\u6d32\u5404\u5730\u7684\u64f4\u6563\u4e0d\u50c5\u5e36\u5165\u4e86\u8eca\u8f2a\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u5e36\u4f86\u4e86\u4f7f\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u5728\u6210\u5e74\u5f8c\u80fd\u5920\u8010\u53d7\u4e73\u7cd6\u3001\u98df\u7528\u4e73\u54c1\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\u57fa\u56e0\uff08\u8a3b\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u900f\u904e56\u5177\u4f86\u81ea\u4fc4\u7f85\u65af\u897f\u5357\u90e8\u8ddd\u4eca4600\u81f31700 BC\u907a\u9ab8\u7259\u7d50\u77f3\u5167\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u9805\u986f\u8457\u7279\u5fb5\uff1a\u7576\u5730\u5e74\u4ee3\u5728\u9285\u77f3\u4e26\u7528\u6642\u671f\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u98f2\u98df\u4e2d\uff0c\u8d85\u904e90%\u6c92\u6709\u651d\u98df\u4e73\u54c1\u7684\u8de1\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u4eba\u7fa4\u5247\u6709\u9ad8\u905494%\u651d\u98df\u4e73\u54c1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u6790\u6240\u651d\u53d6\u7684\u4e73\u54c1\u985e\u5225\u70ba\u4f55\u3002\u5728\u9810\u671f\u7684\u725b\u5976\u3001\u7f8a\u5976\uff08\u7dbf\u7f8a\u8207\u5c71\u7f8a\u7686\u6709\uff09\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u767c\u73fe\u651d\u53d6\u99ac\u5976\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u6b64\u73fe\u8c61\u8aaa\u660e\u9752\u9285\u6642\u4ee3\u6771\u6b50\u5927\u8349\u539f\u897f\u5357\u904a\u7267\u6c11\u65cf\u5f9e\u4e8b\u755c\u7267\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8089\u985e\u98f2\u98df\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u70ba\u4e73\u54c1\u8207\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u9077\u5f99\u3002\u6b64\u8b49\u64da\u4e5f\u6697\u793a\u99ac\u7684\u99b4\u5316\u53ef\u80fd\u6e90\u81ea\u6771\u6b50\u5927\u8349\u539f\uff08Pontic Caspian steppe\uff09\u3002Nicole Boivin\u6559\u6388\u8868\u793a\uff0c\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u7fa4\u958b\u59cb\u651d\u53d6\u4e73\u54c1\u7684\u6642\u9593\u8207\u958b\u59cb\u5411\u6771\u9077\u5f99\u543b\u5408\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e73\u54c1\u98f2\u7528\u5c0d\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6e38\u7267\u4eba\u7fa4\u800c\u8a00\u5177\u6709\u4f55\u7a2e\u512a\u52e2\u662f\u5c1a\u5f85\u91d0\u6e05\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u4f46Shevan Wilkin\u535a\u58eb\u63a8\u6e2c\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e73\u54c1\u6240\u542b\u7684\u71df\u990a\u6210\u5206\u3001\u9ad8\u86cb\u767d\u53ca\u6d41\u8cea\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u4eba\u7fa4\u5728\u4e7e\u71e5\u7684\u6771\u6b50\u5927\u8349\u539f\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u4eba\u7fa4\u6709\u66f4\u9ad8\u80fd\u529b\u9032\u884c\u9577\u8ddd\u96e2\u7684\u9077\u5f99\u8207\u5411\u5916\u64f4\u5f35\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8a3b\u89e3\uff1a<\/strong>\u4eba\u985e\u81ea\u5b30\u5152\u671f\u958b\u59cb\u4fbf\u80fd\u5920\u98f2\u7528\u4e73\u54c1\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e73\u7cd6\u9176\uff08lactase\uff09\u80fd\u5920\u6d88\u5316\u6bcd\u4e73\u4e2d\u6240\u542b\u7684\u4e73\u7cd6\uff0c\u4f46\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u9577\u5927\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4e73\u7cd6\u9176\u57fa\u56e0\u539f\u61c9\u4e0d\u518d\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u98f2\u7528\u4e73\u54c1\uff0c\u4f46\u5c11\u8a31\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\u4f7f\u5f97\u4eba\u985e\u5728\u9577\u5927\u5f8c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u4fc3\u4f7f\u4e73\u7cd6\u9176\u6301\u7e8c\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5f97\u4ee5\u6301\u7e8c\u98f2\u7528\u4e73\u54c1\u3002\u8a72\u57fa\u56e0\u7a81\u8b8a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5176\u5be6\u76f8\u7576\u665a\u8fd1\uff0c\u50c5\u6709\u7d046000\u5e74\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u975e\u6d32\u4eba\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4e2d\u5df2\u77e5\u6709\u56db\u500b\u4f7f\u4eba\u985e\u4fdd\u6709\u4e73\u7cd6\u9176\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\uff08lactase persistence\uff09\u7684\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u6b50\u6d32\u4eba\u5247\u50c5\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. 2005. Chris Scarre, Chapter 11 Holocene Europe, in Chris Scarre (ed), The Human Past<\/em>, pp. 392-431. New York: Thames & Hudson.<\/li>\n
  2. 2021 09 16 Sam Tonkin, The Great Bronze Age migration was fuelled by MILK! Adoption of dairy into the diet gave European populations the mobility to sweep east as far as Mongolia 5,000 years ago, study finds<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. 2021 09 15 Max Planck Society , Milk enabled massive steppe migration<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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