{"id":37120,"date":"2021-09-14T00:43:14","date_gmt":"2021-09-13T16:43:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=37120"},"modified":"2023-06-05T17:04:10","modified_gmt":"2023-06-05T09:04:10","slug":"%ef%bc%9c%e6%97%a9%e6%9c%9f%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e5%be%ae%e7%94%9f%e7%89%a9%e5%92%8c%e8%bf%91%e4%bb%a3%e7%94%9f%e6%8a%80%e7%9a%84%e8%bc%9d%e6%98%a0%ef%bc%9e%ef%bc%9c%e8%97%8d%e7%b6%a0%e8%8f%8c%e6%98%af","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=37120","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u3008\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u548c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u751f\u6280\u7684\u8f1d\u6620\u3009&#038;\u3008\u85cd\u7da0\u83cc\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u548c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f\u3009"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/ppp0SzBKutM\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u3008\u65e9\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u548c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u751f\u6280\u7684\u8f1d\u6620\u3009<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u4e00\u4f4d\u559c\u611b\u88fd\u9020\u548c\u73a9\u5f04\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u79d1\u5b78\u671f\u520a\u767c\u8868\u6587\u7ae0\u7684\u96dc\u8ca8\u5e97\u8001\u95c6\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u8abf\u88fd\u7d30\u83cc\u611b\u559d\u7684\u6cd5\u5f0f\u6fc3\u6e6f\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u89e3\u958b\u7d05\u9152\u91c0\u9020\u4e4b\u8b0e\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7814\u7a76\u7cbe\u795e\u56b4\u8b39\u5230\u4e0d\u884c\uff0c\u8a2d\u4e0b\u6cbf\u7528\u81f3\u4eca\u7684\u75be\u75c5\u7814\u7a76\u6a19\u6e96\u7a0b\u5e8f\u7684\u91ab\u751f\u22ef\u22ef\u7d9c\u89c0\u4eba\u985e\u7814\u7a76\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u5145\u6eff\u4e86\u5404\u7a2e\u5076\u7136\u3001\u77db\u76fe\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5929\u99ac\u884c\u7a7a\u3002\u672c\u8b1b\u6b21\u4ecb\u7d39\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u53f2\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u6b77\u53f2\uff0c\u4e26\u5f9e\u4e2d\u89c0\u5bdf\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u901a\u7528\u6027\u8108\u7d61\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff1a\u694a\u555f\u4f38\uff5c\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u5316\u79d1\u6280\u5b78\u7cfb\u6559\u6388<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u7814\u7a76\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u4e00\u4f86\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u69cb\u9020\u548c\u904b\u4f5c\u539f\u7406\u8207\u6211\u5011\u76f8\u4f3c\uff0c\u4e8c\u4f86\u662f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u900f\u904e\u5c0d\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u9032\u884c\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5176\u5bb3\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u52a0\u4ee5\u5229\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u8499\u5176\u5229\u3002\u6700\u65e9\u660e\u78ba\u63d0\u51fa\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u8207\u75ab\u75c5\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u5f17\u62c9\u5361\u65af\u6258\u7f85 (Girolamo Fracastoro) \u7684\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728 1546 \u5e74\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u75ab\u75c5\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u7a2e\u770b\u4e0d\u898b\u4f46\u5feb\u901f\u589e\u751f\u7684\u300c\u5fae\u500b\u9ad4\u300d\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u76f4\u63a5\u63a5\u89f8\u3001\u8863\u7269\u6216\u662f\u7a7a\u6c23\uff0c\u5728\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u8207\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u50b3\u905e\u3002\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u770b\u898b\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u5fae\u500b\u9ad4\u300d\u7684\u662f\u864e\u514b (Robert Hooke) \u8207\u96f7\u6587\u970d\u514b (Antoni van Leeuwenhoek) \uff0c\u864e\u514b\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u690d\u7269\u7d44\u7e54\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u591a\u7d30\u80de\u7d50\u69cb\uff1b\u96f7\u6587\u970d\u514b\u5247\u904b\u7528\u5176\u9ad8\u8d85\u7684\u62c9\u73bb\u7483\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u5728\u864e\u514b\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\u88fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u9ad8\u500d\u7387\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\uff0c\u5728 1677 \u5e74\u6295\u7a3f\u63cf\u8ff0\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5be6\u5be6\u5728\u5728\u89aa\u773c\u770b\u898b\u55ae\u7d30\u80de\u751f\u7269\u7684\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u4e86\u9ad8\u500d\u7387\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5229\u5668\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d\u65bc\u5404\u7a2e\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5fae\u89c0\u7d50\u69cb\u9032\u884c\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7 (Louis Pasteur) \u5c31\u4ee5\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u70ba\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u7d05\u9152\u7684\u9178\u5473\u4f86\u6e90\u9152\u77f3\u9178\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u93e1\u50cf\u5149\u5b78\u7570\u69cb\u7269\uff0c\u800c\u53ea\u6709\u751f\u7269\u53cd\u61c9\u624d\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u5149\u5b78\u7570\u69cb\u7269\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u78ba\u7acb\u7cd6\u767c\u9175\u6210\u9152\u7cbe\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\u53cd\u61c9\uff1b\u5f8c\u4f86\u4ed6\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u78ba\u5b9a\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u687f\u72c0\u7d30\u83cc\u6240\u9020\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u61f8\u6d6e\u5728\u7a7a\u6c23\u4e2d\u8207\u8461\u8404\u63a5\u89f8\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u767c\u9175\u3002\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u6191\u85c9\u8457\u7d30\u83cc\u81f4\u75c5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53bb\u7814\u7a76\u8836\u7d72\u8fb2\u5834\u7684\u8836\u5fae\u5b62\u5b50\u87f2\u75c5\u8207\u8836\u8edf\u8150\u75c5\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u96de\u970d\u4e82\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u767c\u73fe\u6ec5\u6d3b\u75ab\u82d7\u7522\u751f\u4fdd\u8b77\u529b\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u7f8a\u70ad\u75bd\u75c5\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u4ee5\u5148\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u8836\u7d72\u8fb2\u5834\u50b3\u67d3\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7814\u7a76\u96de\u970d\u4e82\u610f\u5916\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u514d\u75ab\u63a5\u7a2e\u75ab\u82d7\u53ef\u9810\u9632\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5728\u7576\u6642\u904e\u65bc\u5148\u9032\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u63a5\u7a2e\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u5f15\u8d77\u7591\u616e\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u63d0\u51fa\u516c\u958b\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4ee5\u4ed6\u5bb6\u8fb2\u5834\u7684\u7f8a\u7fa4\u4f5c\u70ba\u5be6\u9a57\u9ad4\uff0c\u5206\u6210\u6253\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d44\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e0d\u6253\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u5c0d\u7167\u7d44\uff0c\u63a5\u7a2e\u7f8a\u70ad\u75bd\u75c5\u75ab\u82d7\u904e\u5f8c\u5927\u7d04\u4e00\u9031\uff0c\u5168\u6578\u65bd\u6253\u7f8a\u70ad\u75bd\u75c5\u83cc\u3002\u9019\u5834\u5728\u7576\u6642\u55a7\u9a30\u4e00\u6642\u7684\u982d\u689d\u65b0\u805e\uff0c\u7d50\u679c\u5e7e\u5929\u5f8c\u4fbf\u898b\u771f\u7ae0\uff1a\u6c92\u6253\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7f8a\u96bb\u9678\u7e8c\u6b7b\u4ea1\uff0c\u6709\u6253\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u5168\u6578\u5b58\u6d3b\u3002\u63a5\u7a2e\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u9a5a\u4eba\u6548\u76ca\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u9019\u6b21\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u5c55\u9732\u7121\u907a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8207\u5df4\u65af\u5fb7\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u7684\u67ef\u970d (Robert Koch) \uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4ee5\u5fb7\u570b\u4eba\u4e00\u8cab\u7684\u56b4\u8b39\u7cbe\u795e\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u67ef\u970d\u6c0f\u6cd5\u5247\u7684\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u56db\u5927\u5047\u5b9a\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u5960\u5b9a\u75c5\u539f\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u790e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>1.\u75c5\u9ad4\u7f79\u75c5\u90e8\u4f4d\u7d93\u5e38\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5065\u5eb7\u6d3b\u9ad4\u4e2d\u627e\u4e0d\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\u3002<br \/>\n2.\u75c5\u539f\u83cc\u53ef\u88ab\u5206\u96e2\u4e26\u5728\u57f9\u990a\u57fa\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u57f9\u990a\uff0c\u4e26\u8a18\u9304\u5404\u9805\u7279\u5fb5\u3002<br \/>\n3.\u7d14\u7cb9\u57f9\u990a\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u83cc\u61c9\u8a72\u63a5\u7a2e\u81f3\u8207\u75c5\u682a\u76f8\u540c\u54c1\u7a2e\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u690d\u682a\uff0c\u4e26\u7522\u751f\u8207\u75c5\u682a\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u75c5\u5fb5\u3002<br \/>\n4.\u5f9e\u63a5\u7a2e\u7684\u75c5\u682a\u4e0a\u4ee5\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u65b9\u6cd5\u61c9\u80fd\u518d\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u75c5\u539f\uff0c\u4e14\u5176\u7279\u5fb5\u8207\u7531\u539f\u75c5\u682a\u5206\u96e2\u8005\u61c9\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u67ef\u970d\u6c0f\u6cd5\u5247\u4e0a\u982d\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684 C123 \u539f\u5247\uff1a\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u6709\u63a7\u5236\u7d44\uff0c\u6bcf\u7d44\u5be6\u9a57\u4e00\u6b21\u53ea\u80fd\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8b8a\u6578\uff0c\u8981\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u80fd\u5920\u6307\u5411\u76f8\u540c\u7d50\u8ad6\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u5be6\u9a57\u8a2d\u8a08\uff0c\u5118\u91cf\u505a\u51fa\u4e09\u6b21\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u7d50\u679c\u3002\u5f8c\u4eba\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8108\u7d61\u4e0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u6280\u8853\u70ba\u8f14\u52a9\u8207\u4e4b\u5c0d\u8a71\uff0c\u4ee5\u9054\u5230\u4e00\u81f4\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u3008\u85cd\u7da0\u83cc\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u548c\u6211\u5011\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u95dc\u4fc2\uff1f\u3009<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: 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