{"id":37048,"date":"2021-08-30T12:00:43","date_gmt":"2021-08-30T04:00:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=37048"},"modified":"2021-10-04T19:34:48","modified_gmt":"2021-10-04T11:34:48","slug":"alphago%e4%ba%ba%e5%b7%a5%e6%99%ba%e6%85%a7%e6%8a%80%e8%a1%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=37048","title":{"rendered":"AlphaGo\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u6280\u8853"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u96fb\u8166\u5982\u4f55\u64ca\u6557\u4e16\u754c\u68cb\u738b\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff0f\u56b4\u58eb\u6de8\uff08\u6771\u83ef\u5927\u5b78\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff09<\/strong>
\n\u8f49\u8f09\u81ea\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u6708\u520a\u300b2016\u5e745\u6708\u7b2c557\u671f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7531Google DeepMind \u6240\u958b\u767c\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u570d\u68cb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u2500\u2500 AlphaGo\uff0c\u5728\u4eca\uff082016\uff09\u5e743 \u6708\u4ee5\u56db\u52dd\u4e00\u6557\u7684\u6230\u7e3e\u52dd\u904e\u5357\u97d3\u68cb\u738b\u674e\u4e16\u77f3\u3002\u6b64\u4e00\u6d88\u606f\u9707\u64bc\u4e86\u8cc7\u8a0a\u754c\u8207\u570d\u68cb\u754c\uff0c\u9020\u5c31\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u7684\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\u3002AlphaGo \u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u4ee5\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b78\u7fd2\u7db2\u8def\uff08deep learning networks\uff09\u8207\u8499\u5730\u5361\u7f85\u6a39\u641c\u5c0b\uff08Monte Carlo Tree Search\uff0cMCTS\uff09\u7684\u6280\u8853\u4f86\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u63d0\u9ad8\u68cb\u529b\u3002Google DeepMind \u5728\u4e09\u5e74\u524d\u958b\u59cb\u7db2\u7f85\u96fb\u8166\u570d\u68cb\u7684\u5c08\u5bb6\uff0c\u52a0\u4e0a\u5145\u6c9b\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u8cc7\u6e90\u8207\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u4eba\u624d\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u5b8c\u6210\u6b64\u4e00\u58ef\u8209\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86\u570d\u68cb\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u4eba\u958b\u59cb\u601d\u8003\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96fb\u8166\u5c0d\u5c40\uff08computer game\uff09\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u6700\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u8ab2\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u8861\u91cf\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u59821997 \u5e74\u7f8e\u570b\u79d1\u6280\u516c\u53f8IBM \u5728\u8d85\u7d1a\u96fb\u8166\u4e0a\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u300c\u6df1\u85cd\uff08Deepblue\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u6230\u52dd\u4e86\u897f\u6d0b\u68cb\u51a0\u8ecd\u5361\u65af\u5e15\u6d1b\u592b\uff08Garry Kasparov\uff09\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u76ee\u524d\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u8f03\u5ee3\u70ba\u6d41\u50b3\u7684\u68cb\u76e4\u904a\u6232\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u5206\u6790\u5176\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\uff08\u4e0b\u8868\uff09\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u4ee5\u8a72\u68cb\u985e\u8d77\u59cb\u76e4\u9762\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u6240\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u8b8a\u5316\u70ba\u8861\u91cf\u6a19\u6e96\u3002\u6574\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u897f\u6d0b\u8df3\u68cb\uff08checkers\uff09\u3001\u9ed1\u767d\u68cb\uff08Othello\uff09\u5728\u96fb\u8166\u4e0a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5df2\u5230\u9054\u8d85\u8d8a\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff1b\u897f\u6d0b\u68cb\u3001\u8c61\u68cb\u3001\u65e5\u672c\u5c07\u68cb\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u96fb\u8166\u4e5f\u5df2\u5230\u9054\u8077\u696d\u68cb\u58eb\u7684\u6c34\u6e96\uff1b\u800cGoogle DeepMind\u5728\u6b64\u6b21\u6311\u6230\u570d\u68cb\u4e5d\u6bb5\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u767b\u4e0a\u4e8621 \u4e16\u7d00\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u96fb\u8166\u5c0d\u5c40\u7684\u8056\u6bcd\u5cf0\uff0c\u5c07\u6c38\u7559\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u96fb\u8166\u5c0d\u5c40\u7684\u9752\u53f2\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u5df2\u57287\u7a2e\u4ee3\u8868\u6027\u68cb\u985e\u4e0a\u6230\u52dd\u4eba\u985e\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u25cf\u65b0\u578b\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u63d0\u9ad8\u641c\u5c0b\u6548\u7387<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7531\u4e0b\u8868\u4e2d\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u570d\u68cb\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u76f8\u5c0d\u5f88\u9ad8\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u570d\u68cb\u7684\u76e4\u9762\u90fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u5927\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4f7f\u7528\u66b4\u529b\u6cd5\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c\u5728\u6bcf\u5c64\u7684\u5206\u652f\u6578\u904e\u591a\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c07\u7121\u6cd5\u641c\u5c0b\u5f88\u6df1\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u5168\u57df\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u9069\u5408\u7528\u65bc\u570d\u68cb\u9019\u7a2e\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u592a\u9ad8\u7684\u904a\u6232\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c2006 \u5e74\u8499\u5730\u5361\u7f85\u6a39\u641c\u5c0b\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u96fb\u8166\u570d\u68cb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6709\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9019\u7a2e\u5168\u57df\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u8499\u5730\u5361\u7f85\u6a21\u64ec\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5c40\u9762\u8a55\u4f30\u7684\u4f9d\u64da\uff0c\u5224\u65b7\u5f62\u52e2\u7684\u826f\u7ab3\u3002\u53c8\u5229\u7528\u4e0a\u754c\u4fe1\u8cf4\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08Upper Confidence Bound\uff0cUCB\uff09\u4f7f\u5f97\u641c\u5c0b\u6a39\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f80\u8f03\u512a\u79c0\u7684\u5b50\u9ede\u5c55\u958b\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u68f5\u4e0d\u5e73\u8861\u6a39\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u9054\u5230\u88c1\u526a\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u4ee5\u589e\u52a0\u641c\u5c0b\u6df1\u5ea6\uff0c\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u89e3\u6c7a\u9ad8\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c\u591a\u81c2\u6d77\u76dc\u300d\u554f\u984c\uff08K-armed bandit problem\uff0c\u4fd7\u7a31\u5403\u89d2\u5b50\u8001\u864e\u554f\u984c\u6216\u535a\u5955\u6a5f\u554f\u984c\uff09\u800c\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u73a9\u5bb6\u6703\u5148\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u535a\u5955\u6a5f\u73a9\u4e00\u904d\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4f9d\u7167\u76ee\u524d\u7d2f\u7a4d\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8981\u9078\u64c7\u54ea\u4e00\u53f0\u6a5f\u5668\u4e0b\u6ce8\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u958b\u767c\uff08exploitation\uff09\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u73a9\u5bb6\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u4f9d\u7167\u76ee\u524d\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u4f86\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8a66\u5716\u5617\u8a66\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u5247\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u5ffd\u7565\u6536\u76ca\u7387\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9069\u5ea6\u5730\u5617\u8a66\u5176\u4ed6\u6a5f\u5668\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u7684\uff0c\u9019\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u63a2\u7d22\uff08exploration\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6982\u5ff5\u4e0a\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8499\u5730\u5361\u7f85\u6a39\u641c\u5c0b\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u628a\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u90fd\u7576\u4f5c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u535a\u5955\u6a5f\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u53f0\u535a\u5955\u6a5f\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u3002\u9078\u64c7\u5206\u652f\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7372\u5f97\u76f8\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u3002\u641c\u5c0b\u958b\u59cb\u6642\uff0cMCTS \u65b9\u6cd5\u6703\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u68f5\u6a39\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u91cd\u8907\u4ee5\u4e0b\u56db\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6307\u5b9a\u7684\u6642\u9593\u6216\u6b21\u6578\u7528\u76e1\u70ba\u6b62\uff1a<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u6b65\u9a5f\u4e00\u3001\u9078\u64c7\uff08Selection\uff09
    \n\u9078\u64c7\u4e00\u689d\u5f9e\u6839\u7bc0\u9ede\u5230\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f91\u3002\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5247\u662f\u5f9e\u6839\u7bc0\u9ede\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u4e0a\u754c\u4fe1\u8cf4\u516c\u5f0f\u8a08\u7b97\u6bcf\u500b\u5b50\u9ede\u7684\u4e0a\u754c\u4fe1\u8cf4\u503c\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u6b64\u503c\u6700\u9ad8\u7684\u5b50\u9ede\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u91cd\u8907\u6b64\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f80\u4e0b\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u9047\u5230\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\u70ba\u6b62\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
      \n
    • \u6b65\u9a5f\u4e8c\u3001\u62d3\u5c55\uff08Expansion\uff09
      \n\u82e5\u6b65\u9a5f\u4e00\u6700\u5f8c\u627e\u5230\u7684\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\u5df2\u7d93\u62dc\u8a2a\u904e\uff0c\u5247\u6211\u5011\u6703\u7522\u751f\u6b64\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5b50\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u5f9e\u672a\u62dc\u8a2a\u904e\u7684\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
        \n
      • \u6b65\u9a5f\u4e09\u3001\u6a21\u64ec\uff08Simulation\uff09
        \n\u627e\u5230\u5f9e\u672a\u62dc\u8a2a\u904e\u7684\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u4f7f\u7528\u8499\u5730\u5361\u7f85\u6a21\u64ec\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6b64\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u503c\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \n
        • \u6b65\u9a5f\u56db\u3001\u5012\u50b3\u905e\uff08Backpropagation\uff09
          \n\u6839\u64da\u6b65\u9a5f\u4e09\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u503c\uff0c\u66f4\u65b0\u9019\u689d\u5f9e\u6839\u7bc0\u9ede\u5230\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f91\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u6536\u76ca\u503c\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6b65\u9a5f\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u6a39\uff0c\u5176\u6839\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u6536\u76ca\u503c\u6700\u4f73\u4e4b\u5b50\u9ede\uff0c\u5373\u70ba\u89e3\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n
          \"\"
          \u8499\u5730\u5361\u7f85\u6a39\u641c\u5c0b\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          MCTS \u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u570d\u68cb\u4e0a\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u6bcf\u500b\u7bc0\u9ede\u4ee3\u8868\u4e00\u500b\u76e4\u9762\uff0c\u6b64\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5206\u652f\u4ee3\u8868\u6b64\u76e4\u9762\u4e0b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u8457\u624b\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u5206\u652f\u9023\u7d50\u5230\u7684\u5b50\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u76e4\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u5206\u652f\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8457\u624b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u65b0\u76e4\u9762\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u76e4\u9762\u70ba\u6839\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u6839\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5206\u652f\u4ee3\u8868\u76ee\u524d\u76e4\u9762\u4e0b\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u8457\u624b\uff0c\u6839\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u5b50\u7bc0\u9ede\u4ee3\u8868\u6839\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u76e4\u9762\u52a0\u4e0a\u5206\u652f\u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u8457\u624b\u5f8c\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u65b0\u76e4\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          MCTS\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u570d\u68cb\u4e0a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          MCTS\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u9078\u64c7\u300d\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u5f9e\u6839\u7bc0\u9ede\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u4e0a\u754c\u4fe1\u8cf4\u516c\u5f0f\u5411\u4e0b\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u627e\u5230\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\u70ba\u6b62\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u672a\u66fe\u62dc\u8a2a\u904e\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u3002\u7576\u641c\u5c0b\u6642\uff0c\u82e5\u62dc\u8a2a\u5230\u7684\u7bc0\u9ede\u96d6\u975e\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7121\u5b50\u9ede\uff0c\u5247\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5b50\u9ede\uff0c\u5b50\u9ede\u7684\u591a\u5be1\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u6df1\u5ea6\u8207\u68cb\u529b\u7684\u9ad8\u4f4e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u65bc\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5b50\u9ede\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u52a0\u4ee5\u88c1\u6e1b\uff0c\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u6548\u7387\u624d\u6703\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002\u88c1\u6e1b\u7684\u7b56\u7565\u5c31\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u9019\u65b9\u9762AlphaGo\u662f\u7528\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b78\u7fd2\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u4f86\u627e\u51fa\u641c\u5c0b\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u662f\u6a21\u64ec\u68cb\u5c40\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u4e00\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u6240\u627e\u5230\u7684\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u7531\u96fb\u8166\u63a5\u624b\u4e0b\u5b8c\uff0c\u4e26\u56de\u50b3\u52dd\u8ca0\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u65b0\u8499\u5730\u5361\u7f85\u4e0a\u754c\u4fe1\u8cf4\u641c\u5c0b\u6a39\u3002\u6a21\u64ec\u68cb\u5c40\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u5176\u6c7a\u5b9a\u8457\u624b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6703\u7528\u68cb\u578b\u8207\u68cb\u7406\u9078\u64c7\u8457\u624b\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7528\u81ea\u6211\u5c0d\u5f08\u65b9\u5f0f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u5c40\u68cb\u3002AlphaGo\u5c07\u9019\u88e1\u7684\u6a21\u64ec\u68cb\u5c40\u7b56\u7565\u53eb\u505a\u96a8\u6a5f\u7b56\u7565\uff08Rollout Policy\uff09\uff0cAlphaGo\u4f7f\u7528\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u68cb\u578b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u96a8\u6a5f\u7b56\u7565\u7684\u6b63\u78ba\u7387\u63d0\u9ad8\u523024.2%\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u6709\u4e86\u6a21\u64ec\u68cb\u5c40\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4f9d\u6b64\u66f4\u65b0\u8499\u5730\u5361\u7f85\u4e0a\u754c\u4fe1\u8cf4\u641c\u5c0b\u6a39\u3002\u5f9e\u6839\u7bc0\u9ede\u5230\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b65\u9a5f\u4e2d\u627e\u5230\u7684\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u9ede\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f91\u3002\u66f4\u65b0\u610f\u6307\u4f9d\u7167\u6a21\u64ec\u68cb\u5c40\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u4f86\u66f4\u65b0\u6700\u4f73\u8def\u5f91\u4e0a\u6240\u6709\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u52dd\u5834\u6578\u8207\u62dc\u8a2a\u6b21\u6578\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u66f4\u65b0\u52dd\u5229\u6b21\u6578\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u82e5\u6b64\u9ede\u4ee3\u8868\u9ed1\u68cb\u8457\u624b\uff0c\u4e14\u6a21\u64ec\u68cb\u5c40\u4e4b\u7d50\u679c\u70ba\u9ed1\u52dd\uff0c\u5247\u6b64\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u52dd\u5229\u6b21\u6578\u52a0\u4e00\uff0c\u53cd\u4e4b\u4ea6\u7136\u3002\u800c\u62dc\u8a2a\u6b21\u6578\u7684\u66f4\u65b0\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u6b64\u8def\u5f91\u4e0a\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7bc0\u9ede\u7684\u62dc\u8a2a\u6b21\u6578\u5747\u52a0\u4e00\u3002\u82e5\u7e3d\u6a21\u64ec\u6b21\u6578\u9054\u5230\u6211\u5011\u6240\u8a2d\u5b9a\u7684\u9580\u6abb\uff0c\u6216\u9650\u5236\u6642\u9593\u5df2\u7528\u5b8c\uff0c\u5247\u7d50\u675f\u641c\u5c0b\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6311\u51fa\u6839\u7bc0\u9ede\u4e0b\u62dc\u8a2a\u6b21\u6578\u6700\u591a\u7684\u5b50\u9ede\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6b64\u6b21\u641c\u5c0b\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u8457\u624b\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u25cf\u6539\u5584\u641c\u5c0b\u7b56\u7565\u5f8c\u68cb\u529b\u5927\u589e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

          19\u8def\u570d\u68cb\u68cb\u76e4\u76f8\u7576\u5ee3\u5927\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u4ee5\u5e73\u5747\u5206\u652f\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u4e5f\u9ad8\u9054180\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u55ae\u7d14\u4f7f\u7528MCTS\uff0c\u5247\u641c\u5c0b\u6df1\u5ea6\u5c07\u6703\u76f8\u7576\u6dfa\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u76f8\u5c0d\u591a\u7684\u6a21\u64ec\u6b21\u6578\u624d\u53ef\u63d0\u5347\u68cb\u529b\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u6539\u5584\u6b64\u4e00\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u6f38\u9032\u64f4\u5c55\uff08Progressive Widening\uff09\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u96a8\u4e4b\u800c\u751f\u3002\u6b64\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u4e0d\u8981\u958b\u653e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5b50\u9ede\u4f5c\u70ba\u9078\u64c7\u6b65\u9a5f\u7684\u5019\u9078\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6839\u64da\u67d0\u4e9b\u7d93\u9a57\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u68cb\u578b\u5206\u6578\uff0c\u5c07\u6240\u6709\u8457\u624b\u7d66\u4e88\u6392\u540d\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u524d\u82e5\u5e72\u540d\u7684\u8457\u624b\u624d\u958b\u653e\u5019\u9078\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u6a21\u64ec\u6b21\u6578\u589e\u52a0\uff0c\u958b\u653e\u7684\u8457\u624b\u6f38\u6b21\u589e\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u6f38\u9032\u64f4\u5c55\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u68cb\u624b\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5148\u96c6\u4e2d\u7cbe\u529b\u8003\u616e\u6700\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u8457\u624b\uff0c\u82e5\u6642\u9593\u8a31\u53ef\uff0c\u518d\u5c07\u76ee\u5149\u8f49\u5411\u90a3\u4e9b\u6bd4\u8f03\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u8457\u624b\uff1b\u4e14\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ea6\u53ef\u6709\u6548\u964d\u4f4e\u641c\u5c0b\u6a39\u7684\u5206\u652f\u5ea6\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u66f4\u9ad8\u7684\u68cb\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u7136\u800c\uff0c\u554f\u984c\u5728\u65bc\u5982\u4f55\u5c0d\u8457\u624b\u53d6\u5f97\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u6392\u540d\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u6b63\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u641c\u5c0b\u7b56\u7565\uff08Tree Policy\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u570d\u68cb\u5c0d\u5c40\u4e4b\u6709\u6548\u8907\u96dc\u68cb\u578b\u6642\uff0c\u66fe\u4f7f\u7528\u5c08\u5bb6\u77e5\u8b58\u6216\u55ae\u4e00\u96b1\u85cf\u5c64\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u4f46\u8fa8\u8b58\u7387\u4e26\u4e0d\u9ad8\uff0c\u4e14\u7576\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\u5f88\u5927\u6642\u5176\u6a21\u578b\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u8f15\u6613\u8a13\u7df4\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6709\u6cd5\u570b\u5b78\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u7279\u5fb5\u5f37\u5316\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\uff08Minorization-Maximization\uff09\uff0c\u7528\u7d71\u8a08\u914d\u5408\u6a21\u64ec\u65b9\u6cd5\u627e\u51fa\u6709\u6548\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u4f46\u8fa8\u8b58\u6210\u529f\u7387\u4ecd\u4f4e\u65bc42%\u3002<\/p>\n

          Google DeepMind\u3001Google Brain \u8207\u591a\u502b\u591a\u5927\u5b78\u6210\u529f\u5c07\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b78\u7fd2\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\uff08Deep Learning Neural Network\uff0cDLNN\uff09\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u570d\u68cb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8457\u624b\u8a55\u4f30\u4e0a\u9762\uff0c\u5171\u4f7f\u752812 \u5c64\u7684DLNN\uff0c\u5305\u62ec55 \u842c\u500b\u96b1\u85cf\u5c64\u7d50\u9ede\uff0c6 \u5104\u500b\u9023\u7d50\u8207230 \u842c\u500b\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u7b97\u51fa\u7684\u8457\u624b\u4e2d\u670955% \u8207\u8077\u696d\u68cb\u58eb\u68cb\u8b5c\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u8457\u624b\u8a08\u7b97\u6642\u9593\u7d040.15 \u79d2\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u70baAlphaGo \u6253\u4e0b\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u3002\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b78\u7fd2\u985e\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def\u539f\u672c\u7528\u5728\u5716\u5f62\u8fa8\u8b58\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e88\u4ee5\u5206\u985e\u30022011 \u5e74\u8d77\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u5145\u5206\u5229\u7528GPU \u7e6a\u5716\u986f\u793a\u6676\u7247\u7684\u5927\u91cf\u5e73\u884c\u5316\u7684\u904b\u7b97\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u5927\u5e45\u63d0\u9ad8\u6548\u80fd\u81f3\u5be6\u7528\u968e\u6bb5\u3002<\/p>\n

          \"\"
          \u4eba\u5de5\u795e\u7d93\u7db2\u8def<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

          AlphaGo\u5c07\u6df1\u5ea6\u5b78\u7fd2\u7db2\u8def\u7528\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e00\u70ba\u570d\u68cb\u7b56\u7565\u7db2\u8def\uff1a\u8fa8\u8b58\u76ee\u524d\u76e4\u9762\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e0b\u68cb\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u4e14\u4f7f\u75283 \u5343\u842c\u500b\u570d\u68cb\u76e4\u9762\u7576\u4f5c\u8a13\u7df4\u8cc7\u6599\uff0c\u6e96\u78ba\u7387\u53ef\u905457%\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u4ef6\u5247\u662f\u570d\u68cb\u8a55\u4f30\u7db2\u8def\uff1a\u8a55\u4f30MCTS\u7684\u8449\u7bc0\u9ede\u76e4\u9762\uff0c\u8f38\u51fa\u9ed1\u767d\u96d9\u65b9\u7684\u52dd\u7387\u3002AlphaGo \u4ee5\u9019\u5169\u500b\u5143\u4ef6\uff0c\u4e26\u914d\u5408MCTS\u67b6\u69cb\uff0c\u4e00\u8209\u5c07\u96fb\u8166\u570d\u68cb\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u68cb\u529b\u63d0\u5347\u5230\u8077\u696d\u6c34\u6e96\u3002<\/p>\n

          \u25cf\u96fb\u8166\u53ef\u80fd\u53d6\u4ee3\u4eba\u8166\u55ce\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

          \u5728AlphaGo \u64ca\u6557\u5357\u97d3\u68cb\u738b\u5f8c\uff0c\u570d\u68cb\u754c\u4e43\u81f3\u65bc\u96fb\u8166\u570d\u68cb\u754c\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u9762\u5c0d\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u64ca\u6557\u4eba\u985e\u68cb\u738b\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\u3002\u800c\u9019\u9762\u5c0d\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u505a\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u5373\u5c07\u88ab\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u6df9\u6c92\u7684\u9818\u57df\u4e4b\u501f\u93e1\u3002\u9019\u6b21\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u570d\u68cb\u754c\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u76f8\u7576\u5206\u6b67\uff0c\u4f46\u6beb\u7121\u7591\u554f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u5c07\u885d\u64ca\u570d\u68cb\u7684\u6587\u5316\u8207\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u8077\u696d\u68cb\u58eb\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u500b\u4ee5\u8077\u696d\u68cb\u58eb\u70ba\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u82e5\u6709\u4eba\u544a\u8a34\u4ed6\u6c38\u9060\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u8d0f\u904e\u96fb\u8166\uff0c\u90a3\u935b\u934a\u8207\u589e\u5f37\u68cb\u529b\u7684\u6c7a\u5fc3\u662f\u5426\u5c31\u6703\u52d5\u6416\uff1f\u6a02\u89c0\u7684\u4eba\u5247\u662f\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u570d\u68cb\u662f\u9ad4\u80b2\uff0c\u6bd4\u52dd\u8ca0\u7684\u7af6\u6280\u904a\u6232\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u6253\u6298\u6263\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u570d\u68cb\u662f\u6587\u5316\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u4e00\u7a2e\u9053\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u5c07\u66f4\u70ba\u7a69\u56fa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\uff0c\u66f4\u7406\u89e3\u570d\u68cb\u7684\u512a\u9ede\uff0c\u4eab\u53d7\u570d\u68cb\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5feb\u6a02\u3002\u81f3\u5c11\u5728\u76ee\u524d\uff0cAlphaGo \u6240\u5e36\u52d5\u7684\u65b0\u805e\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u8b93\u570d\u68cb\u518d\u5ea6\u71b1\u4e86\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u4ee5\u570d\u68cb\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u6216\u96fb\u8166\u76ee\u524d\u5728\u570d\u68cb\u7684\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u8ddd\u96e2\u5b8c\u7f8e\u90fd\u9084\u5dee\u5f97\u9060\u5462\uff01\u5728\u8ffd\u6c42\u570d\u68cb\u7684\u795e\u4e4b\u4e00\u624b\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u570d\u68cb\u8207\u96fb\u8166\u570d\u68cb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5c07\u662f\u7121\u6b62\u5883\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

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