{"id":36981,"date":"2021-08-25T10:00:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-25T02:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36981"},"modified":"2021-10-04T23:23:30","modified_gmt":"2021-10-04T15:23:30","slug":"%e8%ab%be%e5%a7%86%ef%bc%8e%e6%9d%ad%e5%a3%ab%e5%9f%ba-noam-chomsky%ef%bc%881928-%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36981","title":{"rendered":"\u8afe\u59c6\uff0e\u676d\u58eb\u57fa Noam Chomsky\uff081928-\uff09"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u8eab\u70ba\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5927\u5bb6\u7684Chomsky\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u5c0dAI\u62b1\u6301\u8457\u8ca0\u9762\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u537b\u5728\u4e0d\u7d93\u610f\u9593\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86AI\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u767c\u5c55\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u9593\u63a5\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u5728IBM\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u7684John Backus\uff081924\u25002007\uff09\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u5957\u9ad8\u968e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00FORTRAN\u3002McCarthy\u4fbf\u662f\u5728FORTRAN\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u65bc\u9694\u5e74\u958b\u767c\u51faLISP\uff1b\u4e8c\u5247\u662f\u4ed6\u66fe\u7d93\uff08\u4e0d\u60c5\u9858\u5730\uff09\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u300c\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u300d\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u8a72\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u5931\u6557\uff08\u4e26\u975eChomsky\u5f9e\u4e2d\u4f5c\u6897\uff09\u662f\u9020\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21AI\u5bd2\u51ac\u7684\u773e\u591a\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5e74\u5df2\u4e5d\u65ec\u7684\u4ed6\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e0d\u541d\u65bc\u8868\u9054\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u62a8\u64ca\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5c0d\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/strong><\/span><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff0f\u5468\u96f2\uff5c\u7de8\u8f2f\uff0f\u9ad8\u656c\u5802<br \/>\n\u5be9\u8a02\uff0f \u4f55\u842c\u9806\uff08\u570b\u7acb\u653f\u6cbb\u5927\u5b78\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7279\u8058\u6559\u6388\uff09\u3001\u8521\u5b97\u7ff0\uff08\u570b\u7acb\u4e2d\u592e\u5927\u5b78\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u7cfb\u6559\u6388\uff09<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u7336\u592a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u85b0\u9676<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>1928\u5e7412\u67087\u65e5\uff0cAvram Noam Chomsky\u51fa\u751f\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u8cd3\u5dde\u8cbb\u57ce\u7684\u7336\u592a\u5bb6\u5ead\u4e2d\u3002\u96d9\u89aa\u90fd\u662f\u7336\u592a\u79fb\u6c11\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u57281913\u5e74\u6642\u5f9e\u4fc4\u570b\u4f86\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u300cChomsky\u300d\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u500b\u4fc4\u8a9e\u59d3\u6c0f\uff0c\u66f4\u8cbc\u8fd1\u539f\u6587\u767c\u97f3\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u61c9\u8a72\u662f\u300c\u676d\u58eb\u57fa\u300d<a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_edn1\" name=\"_ednref1\">[i]<\/a>\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u6392\u884c\u8001\u5927\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u4ed6\u4e94\u6b72\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u3002\u5169\u5144\u5f1f\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u89aa\u8fd1\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u719f\u6089\u4ed6\u5011\u5bb6\u65cf\u7684\u53cb\u4eba\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f1f\u5f1f\u5e73\u6613\u8fd1\u4eba\u7684\u6027\u683c\u6bd4\u8f03\u50cf\u7238\u7238\uff0c\u800c\u54e5\u54e5\u7e3d\u662f\u7d66\u4eba\u4e00\u7a2e\u8ddd\u96e2\u611f\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u5247\u8207\u5abd\u5abd\u76f8\u4f3c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7236\u89aa\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u8a9e\u7684\u5b78\u8005\uff0c\u5728\u8cbb\u57ce\u7576\u5730\u4e00\u9593\u7336\u592a\u6559\u5802\uff08Congregation Mikveh Israel\uff09\u9644\u8a2d\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u88e1\u6559\u66f8\uff0c\u66fe\u7d93\u7de8\u5beb\u904e\u597d\u5e7e\u672c\u8207\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u8a9e\u6587\u6cd5\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\u3002\u900f\u904e\u7236\u89aa\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u5f9e\u672a\u53d7\u904e\u4efb\u4f55\u5b78\u9662\u6d3e\u8a13\u7df4\u7684Chomsky\uff0c\u5728\u8033\u6fe1\u76ee\u67d3\u4e4b\u4e0b\u4ecd\u5c0d\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u8208\u8da3<a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_edn2\" name=\"_ednref2\">[ii]<\/a>\u3002\u76f8\u5c0d\u65bc\u7236\u89aa\uff0c\u6bcd\u89aa\u96d6\u7136\u4e5f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u9593\u5b78\u6821\u6559\u6388\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u8a9e\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u4ed6\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u5247\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5f15\u5c0e\u4e86Chomsky\u5c0d\u8a31\u591a\u793e\u6703\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u95dc\u6ce8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6210\u9577\u74b0\u5883\u7030\u6f2b\u8457\u6fc3\u539a\u7684\u7336\u592a\u6587\u5316\u6c23\u606f\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u662f\u5426\u5728\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7ae5\u5e74\u4f54\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\uff1fChomsky\u537b\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u6709\u8b80\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u300a\u5854\u6728\u5fb7\u300b\uff08<em>Talmud<\/em>\uff0c\u6216\u7a31\u300a\u7336\u592a\u6cd5\u5178\u300b\uff09\uff0c\u7b97\u662f\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u5766\u767d\u8aaa\u6211\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u5f88\u8a8d\u771f\u770b\u5f85\u5b83\uff1b\u81f3\u5c11\u610f\u8b58\u5c64\u9762\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u610f\u8b58\u4e4b\u4e0b\u767c\u751f\u4e86\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u6211\u7576\u7136\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u61a4\u4e16\u5ac9\u4fd7\u7684\u597d\u5b78\u751f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Chomsky\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u555f\u8499\u7279\u5225\u5730\u65e9\uff1a\u624d\u5169\u6b72\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u9001\u5230\u7576\u5730\u4e00\u9593\u975e\u5bc4\u5bbf\u5b78\u6821\uff08Oak Lane Country Day School\uff09\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5f85\u523012\u6b72\u7562\u696d\u624d\u96e2\u958b\u3002\u9019\u9593\u5b78\u6821\u4e3b\u5f35\u675c\u5a01\u5f0f\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u7406\u5ff5\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u6559\u80b2\u8981\u63d0\u4f9b\u81ea\u6211\u5be6\u73fe\u7684\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u9f13\u52f5\u5b78\u751f\u81ea\u4e3b\u63a2\u7d22\u3001\u767c\u5c55\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u628a\u81ea\u5df1\u7576\u6210\u300c\u90a3\u4f4d\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u300d\u3002\u5728\u9019\u88e1\uff0cChomsky\u4e0d\u66fe\u611f\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u540c\u5e74\u5b78\u7ae5\u5e38\u906d\u9047\u7684\u6210\u7e3e\u6392\u540d\u58d3\u529b\u3002\u300c\u9019\u8ddf\u6211\u5f9e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u8eab\u4e0a\u6240\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u5dee\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4e8c\u5e74\u7d1a\u7684\u6642\u5019\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u8ab0\u300e\u8070\u660e\u300f\u3001\u8ab0\u300e\u7b28\u300f\uff0c\u8ab0\u53c8\u662f\u300e\u524d\u6bb5\u73ed\u300f\u3001\u8ab0\u53c8\u662f\u300e\u5f8c\u6bb5\u73ed\u300f\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_edn3\" name=\"_ednref3\">[iii]<\/a>\u9019\u662f\u500b\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u300d\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u7562\u696d\u5f8c\uff0cChomsky\u8f49\u5230\u8cbb\u57ce\u7684\u4e00\u6240\u9ad8\u4e2d\uff08Central High School\uff09\u5c31\u8b80\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u624d\u9a5a\u89ba\u539f\u4f86\u81ea\u5df1\u662f\u500b\u300c\u597d\u5b78\u751f\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u300c\u6210\u7e3e\u300d\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u6559\u80b2\u9ad4\u7cfb\u7adf\u7136\u6703\u5c07\u91cd\u9ede\u64fa\u5728\u9019\u7a2e\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0cChomsky\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u9707\u9a5a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u5982\u6b64\uff0cChomsky\u7684\u4e2d\u5b78\u751f\u6d3b\u4ecd\u5341\u5206\u6d3b\u8e8d\uff0c\u53c3\u52a0\u4e0d\u53ea\u4e00\u500b\u793e\u5718\uff0c\u4e5f\u6df1\u53d7\u540c\u5b78\u559c\u6b61\u3002\u4e00\u5ea6\u4ed6\u4e5f\u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u6821\u5167\u7684\u7f8e\u5f0f\u8db3\u7403\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u4ed6\u7a81\u7136\u53cd\u554f\u81ea\u5df1\uff1a\u6211\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u5e6b\u6211\u5011\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u968a\u4f0d\u52a0\u6cb9\uff1f\u6211\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u8a8d\u8b58\u90a3\u4e9b\u4eba\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u4e0d\u8a8d\u8b58\u6211\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u6821\u7684\u50a2\u4f19\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5206\u5225\uff1f\u6211\u7ba1\u4ed6\u5011\u8f38\u8d0f\u5e79\u561b\uff1f\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u985e\u904b\u52d5\u6bd4\u8cfd\u5e36\u51fa\u4e86\u4eba\u6027\u4e2d\u6700\u7cdf\u7684\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u5728\u770b\u7f85\u99ac\u683c\u9b25\u58eb\u7af6\u6280\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f37\u5316\u4e86\u4eba\u5011\u76f2\u76ee\u3001\u611a\u8822\u7684\u5fe0\u8aa0\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u90fd\u662f\u65e5\u5f8c\u91c0\u6210\u8af8\u5982\u6975\u7aef\u611b\u570b\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u798d\u6839\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1945\u5e74\uff0cChomsky\u9032\u5165\u8cd3\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\uff08University of Pennsylvania\uff09\u5c31\u8b80\u3002\u4ed6\u7e7c\u7e8c\u4f4f\u5728\u5bb6\u88e1\uff0c\u9031\u65e5\u6642\u6703\u53bb\u7236\u89aa\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u517c\u8077\uff0c\u6559\u6388\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u8a9e\u4ee5\u8cfa\u53d6\u5b78\u8cbb\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5927\u5b78\u5ff5\u6c92\u591a\u4e45\uff0c\u4fbf\u767c\u73fe\u8cd3\u5927\u8d70\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u4e2d\u5b78\u90a3\u5957\u6210\u7e3e\u81f3\u4e0a\u7684\u8001\u8def\uff0c\u958b\u59cb\u8003\u616e\u4e7e\u8106\u4e0d\u5ff5\u4e86\uff0c\u6e96\u5099\u53bb\u5df4\u52d2\u65af\u5766\u7684\u67d0\u500b\u57fa\u5e03\u8332\uff08kibbutz\uff09\u770b\u770b<a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_edn4\" name=\"_ednref4\">[iv]<\/a>\u3002\u7136\u800c1947\u5e74\u767c\u751f\u7684\u5169\u4ef6\u4e8b\u6253\u6d88\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u5ff5\u982d\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u662f\u7576\u664219\u6b72\u7684Chomsky\u958b\u59cb\u8207\u81ea\u5df1\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u59bb\u5b50Carol Schatz\u4ea4\u5f80\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5006\u5f9e\u5c0f\u5c31\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e86\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5247\u662f\u78b0\u5230\u4e86Zellig Harris\uff0c\u8a72\u6821\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u6559\u6388\u3002Harris\u5728\u8cd3\u5927\u5275\u7acb\u4e86\u5168\u7f8e\u7b2c\u4e00\u9593\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\uff0c\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u8a00\u8ac7\u5206\u6790\uff08discourse analysis\uff09\u4e4b\u7236\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u7d50\u69cb\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u8457\u7a31\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904eChomsky\u662f\u5148\u88abHarris\u7684\u653f\u6cbb\u7406\u5ff5\u2500\u2500\u800c\u975e\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u2500\u2500\u6240\u5438\u5f15\u3002Harris\u5c0d\u5404\u7a2e\u653f\u6cbb\u8b70\u984c\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u9b45\u529b\uff0c\u90fd\u6df1\u6df1\u5438\u5f15\u4e86Chomsky\u3002Harris\u5efa\u8b70Chomsky\u53ef\u4ee5\u53bb\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u8ab2\u5802\u4e0a\u807d\u807d\uff0cChomsky\u90fd\u7a4d\u6975\u56de\u61c9\u2500\u2500\u300c\u6211\u60f3Harris\u5fc3\u88e1\u9762\u662f\u6709\u60f3\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u56de\u5230\u5927\u5b78\u88e1\u5ff5\u66f8\u7684\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6211\u4e0d\u8a18\u5f97\u6709\u7279\u5225\u8ddf\u4ed6\u8ac7\u904e\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u300dHarris\u9f13\u52f5\u5b78\u751f\u5929\u99ac\u884c\u7a7a\u3001\u4e0d\u52a0\u9650\u5236\u5730\u81ea\u7531\u8868\u9054\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5e38\u53ef\u898b\u4ed6\u8207\u5b78\u751f\u5728\u6559\u5ba4\u3001\u5728\u6821\u5712\u9644\u8fd1\u7684\u4e00\u9593\u9910\u5ef3\uff08Horn and Hardart\uff09\u6216\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u516c\u5bd3\u4e2d\u71b1\u70c8\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6bb5\u300c\u4f5c\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u77e5\u8b58\u5206\u5b50\u800c\u8a00\u76f8\u7576\u632f\u596e\u3001\u500b\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1949\u5e74\uff0cChomsky\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u5b78\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0c\u8207\u540c\u6a23\u662f\u5b78\u751f\u7684Carol\u7d50\u5a5a\u3002\u4ed6\u6240\u64b0\u5beb\u7684\u5b78\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u300a\u73fe\u4ee3\u5e0c\u4f2f\u4f86\u8a9e\u7684\u69cb\u8a5e\u97f3\u4f4d\u5b78\u300b\uff08<em>Morphophonemics of Modern Hebrew<\/em>\uff09\u8207\u7576\u6642\u4e3b\u6d41\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u80cc\u9053\u800c\u99b3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5Harris\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u770b\u904e\u2500\u2500\u96d6\u7136\u4e00\u958b\u59cbChomsky\u4e5f\u66fe\u7d93\u5617\u8a66\u4f9d\u5faa\u8001\u5e2bHarris\u7684\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u7d50\u679cChomsky\u4e26\u4e0d\u6eff\u610f\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u8f49\u800c\u4ee5\u81ea\u5df1\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u9032\u884c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u5b78\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u8d8a\u767c\u611f\u5230\u6709\u8da3\u7684Chomsky\u6c7a\u5b9a\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7559\u5728\u8cd3\u5927\u5ff5\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u30021949\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u958b\u5b78\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u78a9\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b78\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\u4fee\u6539\u800c\u4f86\u7684\uff0c1951\u5e74\u4fbf\u53d6\u5f97\u78a9\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u5b78\u8853\u4e0a\u5c31\u6b64\u8207Harris\u5206\u9053\u63da\u9463\uff0c\u4f46\u5169\u4eba\u300c\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u597d\u670b\u53cb\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9650\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u65b9\u9762\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1955\u5e74\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u56db\u5e74\u6c92\u6709\u5728\u8cd3\u5927\u8a3b\u518a\u7684Chomsky\u70ba\u4e86\u5175\u5f79\u7de9\u5fb5\uff0c\u8a62\u554fHarris\u662f\u5426\u4ecb\u610f\u81ea\u5df1\u91cd\u65b0\u8a3b\u518a\u4fee\u8b80\u535a\u58eb\u3002\u7d50\u679cChomsky\u53ea\u9001\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u81ea\u5df1\u624b\u908a\u6587\u7a3f\u7684\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7ae0\u904e\u53bb<a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_edn5\" name=\"_ednref5\">[v]<\/a>\uff0c\u8cd3\u5927\u4f86\u4fe1\u8a62\u554f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5f85Chomsky\u56de\u8986\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fbf\u9019\u6a23\u62ff\u5230\u4e86\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u540c\u5e74\uff0cChomsky\u7684\u53cb\u4eba\u2500\u2500\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u662f\u4f4d\u77e5\u540d\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5bb6\u2500\u2500Roman Jakobson\u5b89\u6392\u4ed6\u5230\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\uff08MIT\uff09\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7372\u8058\u70ba\u52a9\u7406\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u8ca0\u8cac\u96fb\u5b50\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff08Research Laboratory of Electronics\uff09\u4e2d\u53d7\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u9632\u90e8\u8cc7\u52a9\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff08machine translation\uff09\u8a08\u756b\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>Chomsky\u4e00\u76f4\u2500\u2500\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u5f8c\u4f86\u7684\u591a\u6b21\u8a2a\u8ac7\u4e2d\u2500\u2500\u5f37\u8abf\u81ea\u5df1\u5c0d\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e0d\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u7576\u521d\u9762\u8a66\u6642\uff0c\u7576\u8457\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u4e3b\u4efbJerry Wiesner\u7684\u9762\uff0c\u6279\u8a55\u9019\u9805\u8a08\u756b\u4e0d\u50c5\u300c\u6beb\u7121\u5b78\u8853\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e5f\u6beb\u7121\u610f\u7fa9\u300d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4e8b\u5be6\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u537b\u5728\u300c\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u300d\u9019\u500b\u9818\u57df\u6380\u8d77\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c0f\u7684\u6f23\u6f2a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1957\u5e74\uff0cChomsky\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u300a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u300b\uff08<em>Syntactic Structures<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u9019\u672c\u5960\u5b9a\u4e86\u751f\u6210\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\uff08Generative linguistics\uff09\u7406\u8ad6\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u66f8<a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_edn6\" name=\"_ednref6\">[vi]<\/a>\uff0c\u539f\u662f\u4ed6\u70baMIT\u5927\u5b78\u90e8\u5b78\u751f\u4e0a\u8ab2\u6642\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8b1b\u7fa9\u3002\u96d6\u7136Chomsky\u672c\u4eba\u4e0d\u65b7\u5f37\u8abf\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u8207\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7121\u95dc\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u4e0d\u65b7\u6709\u4eba\u7a7f\u947f\u9644\u6703\uff0c\u300c\u8a00\u4e4b\u947f\u947f\u5730\u8aaa\u751f\u6210\u8a9e\u6cd5\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u5c0d\u96fb\u8166\u3001\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u53ca\u5176\u76f8\u95dc\u554f\u984c\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u9019\u8b93\u6211\u5f88\u9a5a\u8a1d\u2026\u2026\u9019\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u932f\u7684\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e0d\u4e4f\u90a3\u4e9b\u8207\u4ed6\u5728\u8a08\u756b\u4e2d\u5171\u4e8b\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\u5011\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982Chomsky\u5927\u5b78\u6642\u5c31\u8a8d\u8b58\u7684Yehoshua Bar-Hillel\u3002Bar-Hillel\u662f\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u8058\u4f86\u5168\u8077\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5c11\u6578\u8b80\u904eChomsky\u5b78\u58eb\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u4fee\u6539\u610f\u898b\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u4ed6\u8a8d\u70baChomsky\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u80fd\u5f9e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u63a8\u9032\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\u81ea\u52d5\u5316\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Bar-Hillel\u53e3\u4e2d\u6240\u8aaa\u7684\u65b0\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u591a\u5e74\u4f86\u96d6\u7136\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\uff0c\u4f46Chomsky\u521d\u671f\u7684\u5169\u500b\u91cd\u9ede\u2500\u2500\u300c\u8a5e\u7d44\u7d50\u69cb\u898f\u5247\u300d\uff08phrase structure rule\uff09\u8207\u300c\u8f49\u63db\u898f\u5247\u300d\uff08transformational rule\uff09\u2500\u2500\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u592a\u5927\u7684\u8b8a\u52d5\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u4f9d\u8a5e\u6216\u8a5e\u7d44\u7684\u8a5e\u985e\u8207\u529f\u80fd\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u53e5\u62c6\u89e3\uff0c\u986f\u9732\u51fa\u8a72\u8a9e\u53e5\u7684\u300c\u6df1\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\u300d\uff08deep structure\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u638c\u63e1\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u53e5\u7684\u6df1\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4fbf\u53ef\u4ee5\u5957\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8f49\u63db\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5c07\u539f\u672c\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4ee5\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u300c\u8868\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\u300d\uff08surface structure\uff09\u8868\u9054\uff08\u985e\u4f3c\u63db\u53e5\u8a71\u8aaa\u6216\u7167\u6a23\u9020\u53e5\uff09\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u8a9e\u8a00\u9593\u8f49\u63db\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u8700\u72ac\u5420\u65e5\u300d\u4fbf\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u8a5e\u7247\u8a9e\uff08noun phrase\uff0c\u7531\u5f62\u5bb9\u8a5e\u300c\u8700\u5730\u7684\u300d\u8207\u540d\u8a5e\u300c\u72ac\u300d\u6240\u69cb\u6210\uff09\u8207\u4e00\u500b\u52d5\u8a5e\u7247\u8a9e\uff08verb phrase\uff0c\u7531\u52d5\u8a5e\u300c\u5420\u300d\u8207\u540d\u8a5e\u300c\u65e5\u300d\u6240\u69cb\u6210\uff09\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff1b\u82e5\u8981\u5c07\u5176\u8f49\u8b6f\u70ba\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u8a5e\u5728\u76ee\u6a19\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e2d\u5c0d\u61c9\u7684\u8a5e\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u9808\u4f9d\u5faa\u8a72\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u8f49\u63db\u898f\u5247\uff0c\u5c07\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6df1\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\u8f49\u63db\u70ba\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8868\u5c64\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u64cd\u4f5c\u5c0d\u65bc\u96fb\u8166\u800c\u8a00\u61c9\u662f\u5341\u5206\u5bb9\u6613\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee4\u7576\u521d\u53c3\u8207\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u6210\u54e1\u70ba\u4e4b\u4e00\u632f\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4efd\u559c\u6085\u537b\u6c92\u6709\u7dad\u6301\u592a\u4e45\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6b63\u5982\u300c\u8700\u72ac\u5420\u65e5\u300d\u5176\u5be6\u662f\u53e5\u6210\u8a9e\uff0c\u6bd4\u55bb\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u5c11\u898b\u591a\u602a\uff1b\u82e5\u96fb\u8166\u7121\u6cd5\u300c\u9818\u6703\u5230\u300d\u9019\u4e00\u5c64\u7684\u6587\u5316\u5167\u6db5\u800c\u6309\u5b57\u9762\u4e0a\u7ffb\u8b6f\uff0c\u6240\u7ffb\u8b6f\u51fa\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e0d\u50c5\u986f\u5f97\u7a81\u5140\u3001\u4e0d\u77e5\u6240\u4e91\uff0c\u4e5f\u66f2\u89e3\u4e86\u8aaa\u8a71\u8005\u7684\u539f\u610f\u3002\u9023Bar-Hillel\u6700\u7d42\u90fd\u8f49\u5411\uff0c\u627f\u8a8d\uff1a\u96fb\u8166\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6b63\u78ba\u89e3\u8b80\u4e00\u500b\u53e5\u5b50\u61c9\u8a72\u5177\u5099\u7684\u5148\u5099\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u300c\u53ea\u8981\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u8b93\u96fb\u8166\u6709\u8457\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u65b0\u751f\u5152\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u72c0\u614b\u2500\u2500\u7269\u7406\u6216\u81f3\u5c11\u529f\u80fd\u4e0a\u2500\u2500\u5c31\u5225\u53bb\u60f3\u6559\u5b83\u69cb\u5efa\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8a9e\u6cd5\u4e86\u5427\u300d\uff011961\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u672c\u66a2\u92b7\u66f8\u300a\u96fb\u8166\u8207\u5e38\u8b58\u300b\uff08<em>Computers and Common Sense<\/em>\uff09\uff0c\u66f4\u8b4f\u8af7\u4e0d\u5982\u5c07\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d93\u8cbb\u62ff\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u5b97\u6559\u795e\u8a71\u6216\u9810\u8a00\uff0c\u53cd\u6b63\u90fd\u662f\u6d6a\u8cbb\u7d0d\u7a05\u4eba\u7684\u9322\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7e31\u4f7fChomsky\u7684\u751f\u6210\u8a9e\u6cd5\u6700\u7d42\u6c92\u6709\u5982Bar-Hillel\u6240\u671f\u5f85\uff0c\u6559\u6703\u6a5f\u5668\u7406\u89e3\u4eba\u985e\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u537b\u610f\u5916\u50ac\u751f\u51fa\u4e00\u5957\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u6a5f\u5668\u80fd\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e92\u901a\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u96fb\u8166\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8b80\u61c2\u7684\u300c\u6a5f\u5668\u8a9e\u8a00\u300d\uff08machine language\uff09\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u770b\u4f86\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u9577\u4e320\u82071\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u5229\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u95b1\u8b80\uff0c\u66f4\u5225\u63d0\u7de8\u7a0b\u8207\u5075\u932f\u4e86\uff1b\u5373\u4fbf\u662f\u7a0d\u5f8c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u300c\u7d44\u5408\u8a9e\u8a00\u300d\uff08assembly language\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u8457\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u76f4\u52301957\u5e74\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5728IBM\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u96fb\u8166\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6John Backus\u53d7Chomsky\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7406\u8ad6\u555f\u767c\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4e16\u754c\u7b2c\u4e00\u5957\u9ad8\u968e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00\u2500\u2500Fortran\uff0c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=yOyaJXpAYZQ&amp;ab_channel=BenEater\">\u4eba\u985e\u7d42\u65bc\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u7de8\u8b6f\u5668\uff08complier\uff09\u8207\u7d44\u8b6f\u5668\uff08assembler\uff09\u7684\u8f49\u8b6f\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5730\u8207\u96fb\u8166\u6e9d\u901a<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u5225\u505c\u5728\u9ed1\u76d2\u5b50\u8868\u9762<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u76f8\u8f03\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\u5c31\u5c0d\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u8208\u81f4\u7f3a\u7f3a\u7684Chomsky\u4f3c\u4e4e\u66f4\u71b1\u8877\u65bc\u627e\u5230\u6bcd\u8a9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5fc3\u4e2d\u7684\u90a3\u5957\u8a9e\u6cd5\u3002\u4ed6\u60f3\u91d0\u6e05\u5fc3\u667a\u7684\u9ed1\u76d2\u5b50\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ee5\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u80fd\u5920\u6b63\u78ba\u7406\u89e3\u3001\u8b1b\u51fa\u6240\u6709\u8a72\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u9806\uff08\u7b26\u5408\u8a9e\u6cd5\uff09\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u30021957\u5e74\u2500\u2500\u8207\u300a\u53e5\u6cd5\u7d50\u69cb\u300b\u540c\u5e74\u2500\u2500\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u8a9e\u8a00\u884c\u70ba\u300b\uff08<em>Verbal Behavior<\/em>\uff09\u4e00\u66f8\u4e2d\uff0c\u672c\u8eab\u5373\u70ba\u884c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4f5c\u8005B. F. Skinner\u4e3b\u5f35\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u85c9\u7531\u6a21\u4eff\u3001\u91cd\u8907\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u56e0\u70ba\u734e\u8cde\u5f37\u5316\u800c\u7372\u5f97<a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_edn7\" name=\"_ednref7\">[vii]<\/a>\u3002Chomsky\u6df1\u611f\u4e0d\u4ee5\u70ba\u7136\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u57281959\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u7684\u66f8\u8a55\uff0c\u9ede\u51fa\uff1a\u5152\u7ae5\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u807d\u5230\u8a72\u8a9e\u8a00\u6240\u6709\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\uff08\u56e0\u70ba\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u6709\u7121\u9650\u500b\uff09\uff0c\u6240\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u6709\u6642\u4e5f\u6709\u932f\u8aa4\u6216\u4e0d\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u5b69\u7ae5\u5728\u5b78\u7fd2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6703\u7d93\u6b77\u4e00\u6bb5\u5076\u723e\u8aaa\u8a71\u4e0d\u5408\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u968e\u6bb5\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u4e00\u65e6\u6210\u529f\u7fd2\u5f97\u8a72\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u537b\u53c8\u80fd\u81ea\u5df1\u53e6\u5916\u9020\u53e5\uff0c\u6216\u8aaa\u51fa\u7576\u521d\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u734e\u52f5\u7684\u300c\u5168\u65b0\u300d\u53e5\u5b50\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u300c\u5abd\u5abd\u6211\u8a0e\u53ad\u4f60\u300d\uff09\u3002Chomsky\u7684\u9019\u756a\u6279\u8a55\u63ed\u9732\u4e86\u884c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u4e00\u822c\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u5c0e\u81f4\u5176\u6c92\u843d\u7684\u4e3b\u56e0\uff0c\u66f4\u5f15\u767c1950\u5e74\u4ee3\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u9769\u547d\u300d\uff08cognitive revolution\uff09\u2500\u2500\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u958b\u59cb\u7d1b\u7d1b\u8f49\u5411\u8a8d\u77e5\u5b78\u6d3e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u800cChomsky\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u5462\uff1f\u4ed6\u8209\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 40px;\">Instinctively, eagles that fly swim.<br \/>\n\u672c\u80fd\u4e0a\uff0c\u6703\u98db\u7684\u8001\u9df9\u6703\u6e38\u6cf3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u53e5\u5408\u4e4e\u82f1\u8a9e\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u526f\u8a5e\u300cinstinctively\u300d\uff08\u672c\u80fd\u4e0a\uff09\u662f\u4fee\u98fe\u53e5\u4e2d\u96e2\u5b83\u6700\u9060\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u300cswim\u300d\uff08\u6e38\u6cf3\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u8ddd\u96e2\u8f03\u8fd1\u7684\u300cfly\u300d\uff08\u98db\u884c\uff09<a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_edn8\" name=\"_ednref8\">[viii]<\/a>\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff1a\u4fee\u98fe\u8a5e\u8207\u88ab\u4fee\u98fe\u8a5e\u4e26\u4e0d\u7e3d\u662f\u5169\u5169\u76f8\u4f9d\u3001\u7dca\u7dca\u8ddf\u96a8\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u300c\u8ddd\u96e2\u300d\u4e26\u975e\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u76f4\u7dda\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u800c\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u5c64\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5c07\u5169\u8005\u806f\u7e6b\u8d77\u4f86\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u73fe\u8c61\u4e26\u4e0d\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u5c11\u6578\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u55ae\u4ee5\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8655\u7406\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4f3c\u4e4e\u8d70\u4e86\u9060\u8def\uff0c\u6368\u68c4\u4e86\u76f4\u89c0\u4e0a\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u76f4\u7dda\u8ddd\u96e2\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5982\u679c\u4eba\u985e\u5927\u8166\u5929\u751f\u5c31\u9810\u8f09\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u8a9e\u6cd5\u2500\u2500\u300cinstinctively\u300d\u8207\u300cswim\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u4fbf\u662f\u5176\u5177\u9ad4\u5be6\u4f8b\u4e4b\u4e00\u2500\u2500\u90a3\u9ebc\u4e00\u5207\u4fbf\u8c41\u7136\u958b\u6717\uff1a\u4e0d\u662f\u9078\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u76f4\u89c0\u4e0a\u8f03\u300c\u5dee\u300d\u7684\u9078\u9805\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u90a3\u500b\u8f03\u300c\u5dee\u300d\u7684\u9078\u9805\u662f\u6700\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4eba\u9020\uff09\u8a9e\u8a00\u9055\u53cd\u4e86\u9019\u5957\u9810\u8a2d\u8a9e\u6cd5\u2500\u2500\u4f8b\u5982\u786c\u6027\u898f\u5b9a\uff1a\u8868\u9054\u5426\u5b9a\u6642\uff0c\u5426\u5b9a\u8a5e\uff08\u5982\u300c\u4e0d\u300d\uff09\u4e00\u5f8b\u653e\u5728\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u8a5e\u7684\u5f8c\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u88ab\u5426\u5b9a\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u9644\u8fd1\u2500\u2500\u5c0d\u65bc\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5927\u8166\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u8a72\u898f\u5247\u5c31\u6703\u662f\u5728\u89e3\u6c7a\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u672a\u77e5\u96e3\u984c\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u554f\u984c<a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_edn9\" name=\"_ednref9\">[ix]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Chomsky\u7a31\u9019\u5957\u4eba\u985e\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u70ba\u300c\u666e\u904d\u8a9e\u6cd5\u300d\uff08universal grammar\uff09\uff1a\u5c31\u50cf\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4eba\u51fa\u751f\u524d\u90fd\u88ab\u5beb\u5165\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u6210\u9577\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff08\u4e0d\u540c\u6587\u5316\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a00\u74b0\u5883\uff09\u53ea\u662f\u8abf\u6574\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u53c3\u6578\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u90fd\u8a2d\u5b9a\u597d\u4e86\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u81ea\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u6d41\u66a2\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u67d0\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00<a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_edn10\" name=\"_ednref10\">[x]<\/a>\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u95dc\u65bc\u300c\u667a\u6167\u300d\uff0c\u6709\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u554f\u984c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8207\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u8a9e\u6cd5\u5efa\u69cb\u9019\u689d\u8def\u53d7\u963b\uff0c\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u8207\u81ea\u7136\u8a9e\u8a00\u8655\u7406\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u537b\u4e26\u672a\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u903c\u5165\u7aae\u5df7\uff0c\u53cd\u800c\u53e6\u95e2\u8e4a\u5f91\uff0c\u95d6\u51fa\u5c6c\u65bc\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u4e00\u7247\u5929\uff0c\u5728\u5de8\u91cf\u8cc7\u6599\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e0b\u6210\u5c31\u73fe\u5728\u4f60\u6211\u719f\u6089\u7684Google\u7ffb\u8b6f\u8207\u5404\u7a2e\u8a9e\u97f3\u52a9\u7406\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5728Chomsky\u770b\u4f86\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4f3c\u4e4e\u592a\u6c89\u6d78\u5728\u61c9\u7528\u4e0a\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u537b\u5ffd\u7565\u4e86\u66f4\u6839\u672c\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u300c\u667a\u6167\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u7684\u5927\u8166\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\uff1f\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u70ba\u4e86\u77e5\u9053\u7a97\u5916\u7684\u4e16\u754c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u5c07\u7a97\u5916\u6240\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u5207\u9304\u5f71\u8a18\u9304\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u5c07\u9019\u7b46\uff08\u975e\u5e38\u9f90\u5927\u7684\uff09\u8cc7\u6599\u4e1f\u5230\u96fb\u8166\u4e2d\u9032\u884c\u9069\u7576\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u95dc\u65bc\u7a97\u5916\u7269\u9ad4\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u300c\u9810\u6e2c\u300d\u3002\u4e0d\u53ef\u5426\u8a8d\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u4f46\u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u4e8b\u7269\u8868\u73fe\u7684\u67d0\u7a2e\u4f30\u8a08\uff08approximation\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u7b49\u540c\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u7406\u89e3\u300d\uff08understanding\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>Chomsky\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5f15\u7528\u795e\u7d93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6David Marr\u7684\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u82e5\u8aaa\u6211\u5011\u7406\u89e3\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u751f\u7269\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u80fd\u6e05\u695a\u56de\u7b54\u4e09\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5c64\u662f\u85c9\u7531\u63cf\u8ff0\u5176\u8f38\u5165\uff08input\uff09\u8207\u8f38\u51fa\uff08output\uff09\uff0c\u4f86\u5b9a\u7fa9\u9019\u500b\u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c64\u662f\u63cf\u8ff0\u8a72\u7cfb\u7d71\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u4ee5\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u505a\u51fa\u9019\u6a23\uff08\u8f38\u5165\u5230\u8f38\u51fa\uff09\u7684\u8f49\u63db\uff1b\u6700\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u7b2c\u4e09\u5c64\uff0c\u624d\u662f\u57f7\u884c\uff08implementation\uff09\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u8003\u616e\u786c\u9ad4\u2500\u2500\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u2500\u2500\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5be6\u73fe\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5c64\u7684\u8f49\u63db\u3002\u53ea\u6709\u5c64\u5c64\u62bd\u7d72\u525d\u7e6d\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u5728\u4e00\u5806\u6df7\u4e82\u3001\u672a\u7d93\u6574\u7406\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u4e2d\u8dcc\u8dcc\u649e\u649e\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u300c\u771f\u6b63\u7406\u89e3\u300d\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u8655\u7406\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4ed6\u773c\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u667a\u6167\u300d\uff08intelligence\uff09\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u9084\u8655\u65bc\u300c\u524d\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u300d \uff08pre-Galilean\uff09\u968e\u6bb5\uff1a\u6211\u5011\u4e26\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u8981\u627e\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u7576\u6642\u4e5f\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u676f\u5b50\u88e1\u5192\u51fa\u7684\u84b8\u6c23\u5411\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u624b\u653e\u958b\u676f\u5b50\u537b\u5f80\u4e0b\u6389\uff1f\u591a\u5c11\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u54f2\u4eba\u5c31\u9019\u9ebc\u63a5\u53d7\u4e9e\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u2500\u2500\u7269\u9ad4\u90fd\u6703\u81ea\u7136\u5411\u5176\u6240\u5c6c\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u79fb\u52d5\u3002\u4f46\u4f3d\u5229\u7565\u4e0d\u5141\u8a31\u542b\u7cca\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u8a8d\u70ba\u518d\u7c21\u55ae\u4e0d\u904e\u7684\u4e8b\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u611f\u5230\u4e0d\u61c2\uff0c\u5c31\u5411\u4e0b\u6df1\u6398\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5f88\u591a\u76f4\u89ba\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u88ab\u5f15\u5411\u4e00\u4e9b\u5f88\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u540c\u6a23\u71b1\u8877\u653f\u6cbb<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u4e4b\u5167\uff0cChomsky\u5df2\u662f\u4e00\u5bb6\u4e4b\u8a00\u4e14\u662f\u4e00\u4ee3\u5b97\u5e2b\u3002\u800c\u4ed6\u4e0d\u5bb9\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u5916\u6ea2\u5230\u8a9e\u8a00\u54f2\u5b78\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u79d1\u5b78\u7b49\u8207\u8a9e\u8a00\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7121\u7591\u662f20\u4e16\u7d00\u6700\u5177\u5f71\u97ff\u529b\u7684\u5b78\u8005\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u4e00\u9805\u5ba2\u89c0\u7684\u6578\u64da\u53ef\u4f9b\u4f50\u8b49\uff0c\u64da1992\u5e74\u300a\u85dd\u8853\u4eba\u6587\u5f15\u6587\u7d22\u5f15\u300b\uff08<em>Arts and Humanities Citation Index<\/em>\uff09\u7d71\u8a08\uff1a1980\u81f31992\u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u5728\u4eba\u6587\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u6587\u737b\u5f15\u7528\u6b21\u6578\u6700\u591a\u7684\u524d\u5341\u4f4d\uff0c\u4f9d\u6b21\u5206\u5225\u662f\uff1a\u99ac\u514b\u601d\u3001\u5217\u5be7\u3001\u838e\u58eb\u6bd4\u4e9e\u3001\u4e9e\u91cc\u65af\u591a\u5fb7\u3001\u8056\u7d93\u3001\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u3001\u4f5b\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u3001Chomsky\u3001\u9ed1\u683c\u723e\u8207\u897f\u585e\u7f85\uff0cChomsky\u662f\u699c\u4e0a\u552f\u4e00\u4ecd\u5728\u4e16\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u4ee5\u5916\uff0cChomsky\u4e5f\u52e4\u65bc\u767c\u8868\u81ea\u5df1\u2500\u2500\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u2500\u2500\u7684\u610f\u898b\u3002\u65e9\u572860\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u4ed6\u4fbf\u7a4d\u6975\u53c3\u8207\u53cd\u6230\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u56e0\u800c\u88ab\u6355\uff0c\u59bb\u5b50\u9084\u5f97\u91cd\u56de\u5b78\u6821\u53bb\u5ff5\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u6df1\u6015\u54ea\u5929\u5148\u751f\u771f\u7684\u7121\u6cd5\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7dad\u6301\u5bb6\u8a08\u3002\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5c62\u5c62\u6307\u8cac\u7f8e\u570b\u9762\u5c0d\u570b\u969b\u4e8b\u52d9\u7684\u8655\u7406\u539f\u5247\u5c31\u50cf\u9ed1\u624b\u9ee8\uff08mafia\uff09\uff1a\u6559\u7236\u662f\u4e0d\u5bb9\u8a31\u6709\u4eba\u9055\u6297\u4ed6\u7684\u610f\u5fd7\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5373\u4f7f\u6709\u640d\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7d93\u6fdf\u5229\u76ca\uff0c\u4e5f\u5fc5\u9808\u8b93\u9055\u6297\u8005\u4ed8\u51fa\u4ee3\u50f9\uff0c\u4ee5\u5106\u6548\u5c24\u30022010\u5e74\u9996\u6b21\u9020\u8a2a\u81fa\u7063\u6642\uff0cChomsky\u66f4\u6beb\u4e0d\u8af1\u8a00\u5730\u75db\u6279\uff1a\u300c\u7f8e\u570b\u653f\u5e9c\u53e3\u53e3\u8072\u8072\u53cd\u5c0d\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u4f46\u5176\u5be6\u5168\u7403\u982d\u865f\u6050\u6016\u4e3b\u7fa9\u570b\u5bb6\u5c31\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u53d7\u7f8e\u570b\u5236\u7d04\u7684\u81fa\u7063\u5247\u662f\u5e6b\u5147\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u300d\u4e0d\u96e3\u770b\u51faChomsky\u96d6\u8eab\u5c45\u8c61\u7259\u5854\u7684\u9802\u7aef\uff0c\u537b\u4f9d\u7136\u4fdd\u6709\u5165\u4e16\u7684\u6eff\u8154\u71b1\u8840\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5df291\u6b72\u9ad8\u9f61\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u65bc\u4e9e\u5229\u6851\u90a3\u5927\u5b78\uff08University of Arizona\uff09\u6388\u8ab2\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u653f\u6cbb\u8207\u4e16\u5c40\u7684\u91dd\u782d\u4f9d\u7136\u64f2\u5730\u6709\u8072\uff0c\u4fdd\u6301\u4e00\u8cab\u4e4b\u7280\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8a3b\u89e3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_ednref1\" name=\"_edn1\">[i]<\/a>\u00a0\u7136\u800c\u8f03\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u97f3\u8b6f\u70ba\u300c\u55ac\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_ednref2\" name=\"_edn2\">[ii]<\/a>\u00a0\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\uff08linguistics\uff09\u662f\u5c0d\u8a9e\u8a00\u672c\u8eab\u6709\u7cfb\u7d71\u6027\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u56b4\u683c\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0cChomsky\u7684\u7236\u89aa\u6240\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7684\u5c6c\u65bc\u8457\u91cd\u53e4\u5178\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u5b97\u6559\u5178\u7c4d\u6216\u5f8b\u6cd5\u4e2d\u6587\u5b57\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u8a9e\u6587\u5b78\uff08philology\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_ednref3\" name=\"_edn3\">[iii]<\/a>\u00a0high\/low-tracking\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u80fd\u529b\u5206\u73ed\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4f5c\u6cd5\u59cb\u65bc20\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\u671f\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u5ee3\u70ba\u5168\u570b\u4e2d\u5c0f\u5b78\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u5230\u4e861980\u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u64da\u7d71\u8a08\u5168\u7f8e\u6709\u516b\u6210\u7684\u5b78\u6821\u90fd\u5be6\u65bd\u67d0\u7a2e\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u5206\u73ed\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_ednref4\" name=\"_edn4\">[iv]<\/a>\u00a0\u4e00\u7a2e\u8b1b\u6c42\u5e73\u7b49\u3001\u793e\u6703\u4e3b\u7fa9\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\u7684\u96c6\u9ad4\u8fb2\u838a\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u5021\u963f\u62c9\u4f2f\u4eba\u8207\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u5408\u4f5c\uff0cChomsky\u770b\u4e0a\u7684\u6b63\u662f\u5f8c\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_ednref5\" name=\"_edn5\">[v]<\/a>\u00a0\u5b8c\u6574\u6587\u7a3f\u5c31\u662f\u5f8c\u4f86\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u8a9e\u8a00\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u908f\u8f2f\u7d50\u69cb\u300b\uff08<em>The Logical Structure of Linguistic Theory<\/em>\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_ednref6\" name=\"_edn6\">[vi]<\/a>\u00a0\u9664\u4e86\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u70ba\u9996\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5b78\u6d3e\uff08formal linguistics\uff09\u5916\uff0c\u5c1a\u6709\u529f\u80fd\u8207\u8a8d\u77e5\u5b78\u6d3e\uff08functional and cognitive linguistics\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_ednref7\" name=\"_edn7\">[vii]<\/a>\u00a0\u884c\u70ba\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff08Behaviorism\uff09\u4e3b\u5f35\u5fc3\u7406\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u61c9\u8a72\u8457\u91cd\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u89c0\u5bdf\u8207\u91cf\u5316\u7684\u5916\u986f\u884c\u70ba\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u53cd\u5c0d\u4ee5\u5167\u7701\uff08introspection\uff09\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u8f03\u4e3b\u89c0\u7684\u610f\u8b58\uff08consciousness\uff09\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u65bc\u4eba\u985e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u5e38\u5c07\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u8a8d\u77e5\u904e\u7a0b\u5b58\u800c\u4e0d\u8ad6\uff08\u9ed1\u76d2\u5b50\uff09\uff0c\u5316\u7d04\u70ba\u523a\u6fc0-\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u300c\u5236\u7d04\u300d\uff08conditioning\uff09\u4f86\u5f37\u5316\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_ednref8\" name=\"_edn8\">[viii]<\/a>\u00a0\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u53e5\u662f\u300cCan eagles that fly swim?\u300d\uff08\u6703\u98db\u7684\u8001\u9df9\u6703\u6e38\u6cf3\u55ce\uff1f\uff09\u3002\u540c\u6a23\u5730\uff0c\u52a9\u52d5\u8a5e\u300ccan\u300d\uff08\u80fd\u5426\uff0c\u8868\u7591\u554f\uff09\u6240\u4fee\u98fe\u7684\u4e5f\u662f\u8ddd\u96e2\u6700\u9060\u7684\u52d5\u8a5e\u300cswim\u300d\uff08\u6e38\u6cf3\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_ednref9\" name=\"_edn9\">[ix]<\/a>\u00a0\u53ef\u53c3\u8003Musso et al. (2003)\u3002<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/highscope.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/wordpress\/?p=84731#_ednref10\" name=\"_edn10\">[x]<\/a>\u00a0\u8fd1\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5247\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u8207\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ef\u53c3\u8003Ibbotson &amp; Tomasello (2016)\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Gardner, H. (1987).\u00a0<em>The mind's new science<\/em>. New York: Basic Books.<\/li>\n<li>Goldstein, E. (2015).\u00a0<em>Cognitive psychology<\/em>(4th ed.). Stamford, Conn: Cengage Learning.<\/li>\n<li>Haley, M., &amp; Lunsford, R. (1994).\u00a0<em>Noam Chomsky<\/em>(pp. 182-4, 194-6). New York: Twayne Publishers.<\/li>\n<li>Hansen, S. (2020). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.salon.com\/2002\/01\/16\/chomsky_3\/\">Noam Chomsky<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Ibbotson, P., &amp; Tomasello, M. (2016). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.scientificamerican.com\/article\/evidence-rebuts-chomsky-s-theory-of-language-learning\/\">Evidence Rebuts Chomsky\u2019s Theory of Language Learning<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Katz, Y. (2012). <a href=\"https:\/\/www.theatlantic.com\/technology\/archive\/2012\/11\/noam-chomsky-on-where-artificial-intelligence-went-wrong\/261637\/\">Noam Chomsky on Where Artificial Intelligence Went Wrong<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Knight C. (2016):\u00a0<em>Decoding Chomsky: Science and Revolutionary Politics<\/em>. New Haven, CT: Yale Univ. Press.<\/li>\n<li>Milne, S. (2009). Noam Chomsky: \u2018US foreign policy is straight out of the mafia\u2019. Retrieved 15 May 2020, from https:\/\/www.theguardian.com\/world\/2009\/nov\/07\/noam-chomsky-us-foreign-policy#maincontent<\/li>\n<li>MIT News. (1992). <a href=\"http:\/\/news.mit.edu\/1992\/citation-0415\">Chomsky Is Citation Champ<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>Musso, M., Moro, A., Glauche, V., Rijntjes, M., Reichenbach, J., B\u00fcchel, C., &amp; Weiller, C. (2003). Broca\u2019s area and the language instinct.\u00a0<em>Nature Neuroscience<\/em>,\u00a0<em>6<\/em>(7), 774-781. doi: 10.1038\/nn1077<\/li>\n<li>Sperlich, W. (2006).\u00a0<em>Noam Chomsky<\/em>. London: Reaktion Books.<\/li>\n<li>Lynn\uff08\u6c11106\u5e74\uff09\u3002<a href=\"https:\/\/kopu.chat\/2017\/06\/20\/%E5%96%AC%E5%A7%86%E6%96%AF%E5%9F%BA%E7%9A%84%E6%99%AE%E9%81%8D%E8%AA%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%90%86%E8%AB%96\/\">\u7a31\u9738\u8a9e\u8a00\u8207\u96fb\u8166\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u7576\u4ee3\u5b78\u8853\u5927\u5e2b\uff1a\u55ac\u59c6\u65af\u57fa\u7684\u666e\u904d\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7406\u8ad6<\/a>\u3010\u6587\u5b57\u8cc7\uf9be\u3011\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u4f55\u5927\u5b89\uff08\u6c1189\u5e7412\u6708\uff09\u3002\u300a\u81fa\u7063\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u7684\u5275\u9020\u529b\u300b\u5f15\u8a00\u3002<strong>\u6f22\u5b78\u7814\u7a76<\/strong>\uff0c18\uff0c1-6\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u674e\u5a01\u5100\uff08\u6c1199\u5e748\u670810\u65e5\uff09\u3002\u676d\u58eb\u57fa\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u50cf\u6559\u7236 \u53f0\u7063\u662f\u5e6b\u5147\u3002<strong>\u806f\u5408\u5831<\/strong>\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u5f90\u5609\u6167\u3001\u4f55\u842c\u9806\u3001\u5289\u662d\u9e9f\uff08\u6c11106\uff09\u3002<strong>\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u9580\u5728\u53f0\u7063\uff1a\u73fe\u6cc1\u8207\u5c55\u671b<\/strong>\u3002\u53f0\u5317\uff1a\u6587\u9db4\u3002<\/li>\n<li>\u6234\u66c9\u971e\uff08\u6c1187\u5e74)\u3002\u80fd\u529b\u5206\u73ed\u8207\u5e38\u614b\u7de8\u73ed\uff1a\u7f8e\u570b\u7d93\u9a57\u7684\u555f\u793a\u3002<strong>\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8207\u6559\u5b78\u5b63\u520a<\/strong>\uff0c1\uff0c123-142\u3002<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #999999;\">(\u672c\u6587\u70ba\u6559\u80b2\u90e8\u300c\u4eba\u5de5\u667a\u6167\u6280\u8853\u53ca\u61c9\u7528\u4eba\u624d\u57f9\u80b2\u8a08\u756b\u300d\u6210\u679c\u5167\u5bb9)<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u8eab\u70ba\u8a9e\u8a00\u5b78\u5927\u5bb6\u7684Chomsky\uff0c\u59cb\u7d42\u5c0dAI\u62b1\u6301\u8457\u8ca0\u9762\u614b\u5ea6\uff0c\u537b\u5728\u4e0d\u7d93\u610f\u9593\u5f71\u97ff\u4e86AI\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u767c\u5c55\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u8a9e\u6cd5\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u9593\u63a5\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86\u7576\u6642\u5728IBM\u505a\u7814\u7a76\u7684John Backus\uff081924\u25002007\uff09\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u7b2c\u4e00\u5957\u9ad8\u968e\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a9e\u8a00FORTRAN\u3002McCarthy\u4fbf\u662f\u5728FORTRAN\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e0a\uff0c\u65bc\u9694\u5e74\u958b\u767c\u51faLISP\uff1b\u4e8c\u5247\u662f\u4ed6\u66fe\u7d93\uff08\u4e0d\u60c5\u9858\u5730\uff09\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u300c\u6a5f\u5668\u7ffb\u8b6f\u300d\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u8a72\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u5931\u6557\uff08\u4e26\u975eChomsky\u5f9e\u4e2d\u4f5c\u6897\uff09\u662f\u9020\u6210\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21AI\u5bd2\u51ac\u7684\u773e\u591a\u539f\u56e0\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u5e74\u5df2\u4e5d\u65ec\u7684\u4ed6\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e0d\u541d\u65bc\u8868\u9054\u81ea\u5df1\u5728\u653f\u6cbb\u4e0a\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u5927\u529b\u62a8\u64ca\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u5c0d\u5916\u653f\u7b56\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":24,"featured_media":36982,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4986,5138,3772,3293],"tags":[5010,4133,5008,5009],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/08\/Noam-Chomsky_\u982d\u50cf.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36981"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/24"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=36981"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36981\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":37046,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/36981\/revisions\/37046"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/36982"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=36981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=36981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=36981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}