{"id":36634,"date":"2021-08-09T00:58:21","date_gmt":"2021-08-08T16:58:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36634"},"modified":"2021-10-21T10:42:11","modified_gmt":"2021-10-21T02:42:11","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a225-6%e3%80%91%e8%81%bd%e8%a6%8b%e5%8b%95%e7%89%a9%e7%9c%8b%e4%b8%96%e7%95%8c%e7%9a%84%e7%be%8e%e5%a6%99%e8%81%b2%e9%9f%b3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36634","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u63a2\u7d2225-6\u3011\u807d\u898b\u52d5\u7269\u770b\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u7f8e\u5999\u8072\u97f3"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/YFaiio3PkGg\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><span data-mce-type=\"bookmark\" style=\"display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;\" class=\"mce_SELRES_start\">\ufeff<\/span><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u807d\u89ba\u662f\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u611f\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5c0d\u52d5\u7269\u800c\u8a00\u4e5f\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u3002\u6a39\u4e0a\u557c\u53eb\u7684\u591c\u9df9\uff0c\u6c34\u4e2d\u9cf4\u5531\u7684\u9be8\u9b5a\uff0c\u6c60\u7554\u8052\u8a9e\u7684\u9752\u86d9\uff0c\u7260\u5011\u6240\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8b93\u540c\u4f34\u3001\u8b93\u5c0d\u624b\u807d\u898b\uff0c\u4ee5\u7dad\u8b77\u7260\u5011\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u4e26\u4f7f\u751f\u547d\u5f97\u4ee5\u7e41\u884d\u5ef6\u7e8c\u3002\u5730\u7403\u4e0a\u773e\u591a\u52d5\u7269\u5011\u5404\u81ea\u5e36\u8457\u7260\u5011\u7368\u7279\u7684\u767c\u8072\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u9762\u5c0d\u5176\u4ed6\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u7684\u7269\u7a2e\u3002\u71b1\u611b\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u7269\u7684\u56b4\u5b8f\u6d0b\u6559\u6388\u8aaa\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u5011\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u300c\u7528\u8072\u97f3\u770b\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u8005\uff0f\u570b\u7acb\u6d77\u6d0b\u751f\u7269\u535a\u7269\u9928\u7279\u8058\u8b1b\u5ea7\u6559\u6388 \u56b4\u5b8f\u6d0b<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u5f59\u6574\u64b0\u6587\uff0f\u8d99\u63da\u5149<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u807d\u51fa\u591a\u5f69\u591a\u59ff\u751f\u5b58\u884c\u70ba<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u61c9\u751f\u6d3b\u74b0\u5883\u5468\u906d\u7684\u60c5\u5883\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u767c\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u662f\u5176\u884c\u70ba\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u6307\u6a19\u3002\u8a31\u591a\u52d5\u7269\u70ba\u4e86\u6c42\u5076\u767c\u51fa\u53eb\u8072\uff0c\u4e14\u4e0d\u53ea\u662f\u5728\u9678\u5730\u4e0a\uff0c\u6c34\u4e2d\u7684\u9b5a\u985e\u4e5f\u80fd\u767c\u51fa\u6c42\u5076\u7684\u8072\u97ff\u3002\u96c4\u6027\u7684\u9577\u8033\u592a\u967d\u9b5a(Lepomismegalotis)\u5728\u7e41\u6b96\u5b63\u7bc0\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9ad4\u8272\u6703\u8b8a\u5f97\u9bae\u8c54\uff0c\u9084\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u6c42\u5076\u53eb\u8072\uff1b\u9577\u76f8\u5176\u8c8c\u4e0d\u63da\u7684\u5149\u87fe\u9b5a(Oyster toadfish)\uff0c\u96c4\u6027\u6c42\u5076\u6642\u7684\u52d5\u807d\u300c\u6b4c\u8072\u300d\uff0c\u5247\u6c7a\u5b9a\u4e86\u7260\u5011\u53d7\u5230\u96cc\u6027\u9752\u775e\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff01\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u9577\u77ed\u66f4\u5728\u64c7\u5076\u6642\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u53eb\u8072\u6108\u9577\u4e45\uff0c\u6108\u5bb9\u6613\u6c42\u5076\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u8c61\u5fb5\u8457\u80fd\u628a\u8f03\u5f37\u58ef\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u50b3\u627f\u7d66\u4e0b\u4e00\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96c4\u9b5a\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u6c42\u5076\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u7b97\u5f97\u4e0a\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u722d\u596a\u6230\uff0c\u800c\u52d5\u7269\u904b\u7528\u8072\u97f3\u4f86\u722d\u596a\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u5f88\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u3002\u5982\u81ed\u9f2c\u9c0d(Yasuhikotakiamorleti)\u4fbf\u900f\u904e\u53eb\u8072\u4f86\u6436\u596a\u68f2\u6240\uff0c\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5fc5\u8981\u7684\u80a2\u9ad4\u63a5\u89f8\uff0c\u4ee5\u514d\u56e0\u6709\u50b7\u53e3\u800c\u88ab\u75c5\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u7a2e\u6bcf\u500b\u500b\u9ad4\u8072\u8abf\u7684\u97f3\u983b\u8207\u97f3\u58d3\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u4e5f\u8c61\u5fb5\u8457\u5176\u793e\u6703\u5730\u4f4d\u7684\u5283\u5206\uff1b\u97f3\u58d3\u6108\u9ad8\u53ef\u80fd\u4ee3\u8868\u9ad4\u5167\u7684\u5171\u9cf4\u8154\u6108\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9ad4\u683c\u53ef\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u58ef\u78a9\u3002\u52d5\u7269\u5011\u4e5f\u61c2\u5f97\u5411\u5c0d\u624b\u300c\u55c6\u8072\u300d\uff0c\u5982\u9577\u7d0b\u77ed\u6500\u9c78(Croaking gourami)\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u5373\u6709\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u7684\u634d\u885b\u9818\u57df\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u662f\u9760\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u54c1\u8cea\u505a\u70ba\u5224\u65b7\u5169\u8005\u9593\u5f37\u5f31\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u4f9d\u64da\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u6027\u64c7\u8207\u5929\u64c7\u9593\u7684\u96d9\u9762\u5203<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u540c\u5c6c\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7a2e\uff0c\u5728\u53eb\u8072\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u5dee\u7570\u30021958\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u540c\u5c6c\u8757\u86d9\u5c6c\u7684\u5317\u8757\u86d9(Northern cricket frog)\u8207\u87cb\u87c0\u96e8\u86d9(Southern cricket frog)\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u5340\u57df\u5167\u7684\u53eb\u8072\u4e0d\u76e1\u76f8\u540c\u3002\u7d93\u7531\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5f97\u4ee5\u63a8\u8ad6\u8072\u97f3\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u7a2e\u9593\u9694\u96e2\u3001\u907f\u514d\u96dc\u4ea4\u7684\u95dc\u9375\uff01\u800c\u8207\u6c34\u4e0b\u7684\u9b5a\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u96c4\u6027\u9752\u86d9\u7684\u53eb\u8072\u9577\u77ed\u4e5f\u95dc\u4e4e\u96cc\u86d9\u64c7\u5076\u6642\u8003\u91cf\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u30021998\u5e74\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u9805\u5be6\u9a57\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c07\u96cc\u86d9\u7684\u5375\u5b50\u5206\u5225\u8207\u53eb\u8072\u8f03\u9577\u8207\u8f03\u77ed\u7684\u5169\u96bb\u96c4\u86d9\u7cbe\u5b50\u6388\u7cbe\uff0c\u89c0\u5bdf\u5176\u5b50\u4ee3\u7684\u5b58\u6d3b\u8207\u6210\u9577\u72c0\u6cc1\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u5728\u874c\u86aa\u6210\u9577\u901f\u5ea6\u3001\u874c\u86aa\u5b58\u6d3b\u7387\u3001\u8b8a\u614b\u6642\u9ad4\u91cd\u53ca\u8b8a\u614b\u5f8c\u6210\u9577\u7b49\u6bd4\u8f03\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u767c\u73fe\u53eb\u8072\u8f03\u9577\u7684\u96c4\u6027\u5b50\u4ee3\uff0c\u767c\u80b2\u72c0\u6cc1\u7686\u8f03\u53eb\u8072\u8f03\u77ed\u7684\u96c4\u6027\u5b50\u4ee3\u70ba\u4f73\u3002\u9019\u9805\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u70ba\u4f55\u53eb\u8072\u8f03\u9577\u7684\u96c4\u86d9\uff0c\u6703\u88ab\u96cc\u86d9\u9752\u775e\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u767c\u8072\u7684\u6642\u9593\u9577\u77ed\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u662f\u7269\u7a2e\u5f7c\u6b64\u7af6\u722d\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u3002\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u5247\u8b93\u540c\u4e00\u7269\u7a2e\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u57df\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u5f7c\u6b64\u9010\u6f38\u9694\u96e2(isolation)\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u6f14\u8b8a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u300c\u65b9\u8a00\u300d\uff01\u5982\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u897f\u5cb8\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\u7063\u5468\u908a\u7684\u767d\u51a0\u96c0(White-crowned Sparrow)\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u5728\u4e09\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u5340\u57df\uff0c\u5c31\u5404\u81ea\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u8072\u97f3\u7279\u8272\u7684\u9ce5\u8072\u65b9\u8a00\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9ce5\u985e\u4e26\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u90fd\u662f\u900f\u904e\u9cf4\u53eb\u767c\u51fa\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u64b0\u5beb\u300a\u7269\u7a2e\u8d77\u6e90\u300b\u9245\u8457\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u9054\u723e\u6587(Charles Darwin)\uff0c\u5728\u4ed6\u8457\u540d\u7684\u300c\u5c0f\u7375\u72ac\u865f\u300d\u822a\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4f8f\u5112\u9ce5(Club-winged manakin)\u6975\u70ba\u6e05\u8106\u9ad8\u4ea2\u7684\u8072\u97ff\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u9ce5\u5634\u767c\u51fa\uff0c\u9054\u723e\u6587\u5728\u65c5\u884c\u65e5\u8a18\u4e2d\uff0c\u66fe\u63d0\u53ca\u7121\u6cd5\u7406\u89e3\u4f8f\u5112\u9ce5\u7684\u767c\u8072\u539f\u7406\u3002\u591a\u5e74\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u624d\u7d93\u7531\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u627e\u51fa\u7260\u5011\u767c\u8072\u7684\u79d8\u5bc6\uff1a\u4f8f\u5112\u9ce5\u7fc5\u8180\u7fbd\u6bdb\u672b\u7aef\u6709\u4e2d\u7a7a\u7684\u7ba1\u5b50\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u7fc5\u8180\u7684\u62cd\u52d5\uff0c\u7ba1\u5b50\u5f7c\u6b64\u6572\u52d5\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u767c\u51fa\u97ff\u4eae\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9054\u723e\u6587\u5206\u5225\u63d0\u904e\u300c\u5929\u64c7(Natural selection)\u300d\u8207\u300c\u6027\u64c7(Sexual selection)\u300d\u7684\u5b78\u8aaa\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u5229\u7528\u8072\u97f3\u5438\u5f15\u7570\u6027\u63a5\u8fd1\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u6027\u64c7\uff0c\u5728\u6027\u64c7\u5177\u512a\u52e2\u8005\uff0c\u4fbf\u5f88\u53ef\u80fd\u9047\u4e0a\u5929\u64c7\u7684\u8003\u9a57\u3002\u53eb\u8072\u6108\u97ff\u4eae\u7684\u9752\u86d9\uff0c\u5c31\u6108\u5bb9\u6613\u906d\u5230\u8759\u8760\u7684\u5bdf\u89ba\u800c\u6355\u98df\uff01\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u300c\u5929\u64c7\u300d\u8207\u300c\u6027\u64c7\u300d\u5c31\u50cf\u5929\u79e4\u7684\u5169\u7aef\uff0c\u52d5\u7269\u96e3\u4ee5\u517c\u9867\u5169\u8005\uff0c\u5fc5\u5b9a\u5f97\u4ed8\u51fa\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u9ed1\u6697\u964d\u81e8\u4e5f\u80fd\u8fa8\u8a8d\u51fa\u8def<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8759\u8760\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u4e2d\u5075\u6e2c\u7375\u7269\u53ca\u98db\u884c\u7684\uff1f\u9019\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u503c\u5f97\u63a2\u7a76\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6Lazarro Spallanzani\u57281793\u5e74\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u4e00\u6b21\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5c07\u8759\u8760\u7f6e\u65bc\u6559\u5802\u5167\uff0c\u963b\u9694\u4e86\u6240\u6709\u7684\u5916\u4f86\u5149\u7dda\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u8759\u8760\u4ecd\u80fd\u5728\u4e00\u7247\u6f06\u9ed1\u4e2d\u66a2\u904a\u98db\u7fd4\uff0c\u4e0d\u53d7\u7246\u58c1\u6216\u4efb\u4f55\u969c\u7919\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u745e\u58eb\u5b78\u8005Louis Jurine\u65bc1798\u5e74\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u8868\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u8759\u8760\u7684\u8033\u6735\u585e\u4f4f\u5f8c\u653e\u5176\u98db\u884c\uff0c\u767c\u89ba\u6b64\u6642\u7684\u8759\u8760\u5bb9\u6613\u5931\u53bb\u65b9\u5411\u611f\u800c\u649e\u4e0a\u5ba4\u5167\u7684\u969c\u7919\u7269\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u63a8\u8ad6\u8759\u8760\u5728\u9ed1\u6697\u4e2d\u8fa8\u8a8d\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u95dc\u9375\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u5728\u807d\u89ba\u3002\u76f4\u52301930\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u52d5\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6Donald R. 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