{"id":36616,"date":"2021-07-07T00:01:07","date_gmt":"2021-07-06T16:01:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36616"},"modified":"2021-10-21T10:42:35","modified_gmt":"2021-10-21T02:42:35","slug":"%e3%80%90%e6%8e%a2%e7%b4%a225-2%e3%80%91%e9%80%a3%e7%b5%90%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e8%88%87%e8%97%9d%e8%a1%93%e2%94%80%e2%94%80%e6%a8%82%e5%99%a8%e8%88%87%e6%ad%8c%e5%94%b1%e8%83%8c%e5%be%8c%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36616","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u63a2\u7d2225-2\u3011\u9023\u7d50\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u2500\u2500\u6a02\u5668\u8207\u6b4c\u5531\u80cc\u5f8c\u7684\u7269\u7406"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/DH2b4CvbhYE\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u5f62\u5f62\u8272\u8272\u3001\u5927\u5c0f\u4e0d\u4e00\u7684\u6a02\u5668\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u767c\u8072\u3001\u6f14\u594f\u51fa\u7f8e\u5999\u7684\u97f3\u6a02\uff1f\u800c\u770b\u4f3c\u5f35\u53e3\u4fbf\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u7684\u6b4c\u5531\uff0c\u80cc\u5f8c\u7a76\u7adf\u53c8\u727d\u6d89\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u539f\u7406\u5462\uff1f\u53d7\u904e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u8207\u97f3\u6a02\u7814\u7a76\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u8521\u632f\u5bb6\u8001\u5e2b\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u63a2\u7d22\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u548c\u89c0\u773e\u5206\u4eab\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u63a2\u7a76\u300c\u97f3\u6a02\u300d\u9019\u500b\u770b\u4f3c\u548c\u79d1\u5b78\u622a\u7136\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5728\u6b23\u8cde\u60a0\u63da\u6a02\u8072\u7684\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u6301\u7e8c\u601d\u7d22\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u85dd\u8853\u9593\u7684\u9023\u7d50\u8207\u5967\u79d8\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u8005\uff0f\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u97f3\u6a02\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u526f\u6559\u6388 \u8521\u632f\u5bb6<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u5f59\u6574\u64b0\u6587\uff0f\u5442\u65b9\u96ef<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u97f3\u8272\u8207\u97f3\u9ad8\u7684\u77e5\u89ba<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u8b8a\u5316\u842c\u5343\u7684\u97f3\u8272\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u8fa8\u8a8d\u4e0d\u540c\u6a02\u5668\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u7279\u5b9a\u670b\u53cb\u7684\u8072\u97f3\u3002\u6c7a\u5b9a\u97f3\u8272\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u4e3b\u8981\u6709\u5169\u500b\uff0c\u4e00\u662f\u8072\u6ce2\u7684\u6642\u9593\u5305\u7d61\uff08temporal envelope\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u6642\u57df\uff08time domain\uff09\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u8072\u6ce2\u7684\u983b\u8b5c\u6210\u5206\uff08spectral component\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5c6c\u65bc\u983b\u57df\uff08frequency domain\uff09\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002\u95dc\u65bc\u5f8c\u8005\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u983b\u8b5c\u5716\uff08spectrum\uff09\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u983b\u8b5c\u5716\u7684\u6a6b\u8ef8\u70ba\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u7e31\u8ef8\u70ba\u5f37\u5ea6\u3002\u983b\u8b5c\u5716\u8b93\u4eba\u80fd\u89e3\u6790\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u983b\u8b5c\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u300c\u770b\u898b\u300d\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u773e\u591a\u6a23\u8c8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u97f3\u9ad8\u7684\u77e5\u89ba\u6709\u5169\u500b\u9762\u5411\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u97f3\u9ad8\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u300d\u8207\u6e05\u6670\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u97f3\u9ad8\u7684\u300c\u9ad8\u5ea6\u300d\u6307\u7684\u662f\u9031\u671f\u6027\u8072\u6ce2\u7684\u983b\u7387\uff0c\u70ba\u9031\u671f\u7684\u5012\u6578\uff0c\u800c\u900f\u904e\u5085\u7acb\u8449\u8f49\u63db\uff08Fourier transform\uff09\uff0c\u80fd\u5c07\u9031\u671f\u6ce2\u5206\u89e3\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u983b\u7387\u6210\u6574\u6578\u6bd4\u7684\u8ae7\u6ce2\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7b2c\u4e00\u8ae7\u97f3\uff08first harmonic\uff09\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u57fa\u97f3\uff08fundamental\uff09\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u57fa\u97f3\u7684\u983b\u7387\u6c7a\u5b9a\u97f3\u9ad8\uff0c\u4f46\u5373\u4f7f\u57fa\u97f3\u6d88\u5931\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u4f9d\u7136\u80fd\u6b63\u78ba\u77e5\u89ba\u97f3\u9ad8\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8072\u97f3\u4e2d\u5305\u542b\u983b\u7387\u56b4\u91cd\u504f\u96e2\u6574\u6578\u6bd4\u7684\u975e\u8ae7\u6cdb\u97f3\uff08inharmonic overtone\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7576\u8072\u6ce2\u7684\u9031\u671f\u6027\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7f8e\u6642\uff0c\u97f3\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u6703\u504f\u4f4e\uff0c\u8b93\u807d\u773e\u4e0d\u592a\u78ba\u5b9a\u8a72\u8072\u97f3\u7684\u97f3\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u4ee4\u4eba\u8457\u8ff7\u7684\u300c\u81ea\u6fc0\u9707\u76ea\u300d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4e86\u89e3\u8072\u97f3\u77e5\u89ba\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u539f\u7406\u5f8c\uff0c\u6a02\u5668\u53c8\u662f\u600e\u9ebc\u5229\u7528\u9019\u4e9b\u539f\u7406\uff0c\u767c\u51fa\u97f3\u9ad8\u6e05\u6670\u7684\u7f8e\u5999\u6a02\u97f3\u5462\uff1f\u4ee5\u5f26\u6a02\u5668\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u4ee5\u5206\u70ba\u80fd\u91cf\u8f38\u5165\u3001\u4e3b\u8981\u5171\u632f\u9ad4\uff08primary resonator\uff09\u548c\u8072\u6ce2\u767c\u5c04\u9ad4\uff08acoustic radiator\uff09\u7b49\u4e09\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u7684\u6f14\u594f\uff0c\u4fbf\u662f\u6a02\u624b\u4ee5\u7434\u5f13\u6469\u64e6\u7434\u5f26\uff0c\u5c07\u80fd\u91cf\u8f38\u5165\u5230\u7434\u5f26\u9019\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u5171\u632f\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f7f\u5b83\u6301\u7e8c\u505a\u9031\u671f\u6027\u632f\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u900f\u904e\u7434\u677f\u7684\u5c07\u6a02\u97f3\u767c\u5c04\u51fa\u53bb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u50cf\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u64e6\u5f26\u6a02\u5668\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e5f\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u6211\u6fc0\u767c\u9707\u76ea\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08self-excited oscillator\uff09\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5916\u754c\u53ea\u8981\u7d66\u4e88\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u5f13\u901f\uff0c\u7cfb\u7d71\u4fbf\u6703\u627e\u500b\u983b\u7387\u6301\u7e8c\u632f\u52d5\u3002\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u81ea\u6fc0\u9707\u76ea\uff08self-oscillation\uff09\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u624d\u53d7\u5230\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u9664\u4e86\u6a02\u5668\uff0c\u5728\u6642\u9418\u3001\u8072\u5e36\u3001\u5fc3\u81df\u4e2d\u90fd\u6709\u5b83\u7684\u8eab\u5f71\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u81ea\u6fc0\u9707\u76ea\u5728\u91d1\u878d\u548c\u5b8f\u89c0\u7d93\u6fdf\u5b78\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u6fc0\u9707\u76ea\u5305\u542b\u4e00\u4e9b\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u5728\u81ea\u6211\u6fc0\u767c\u9707\u76ea\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u80fd\u91cf\u8f38\u5165\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u632f\u52d5\uff0c\u632f\u52d5\u9084\u6703\u56de\u904e\u982d\u4f86\u5f71\u97ff\u80fd\u91cf\u8f38\u5165\u3002\u5177\u9ad4\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u632f\u52d5\u9ad4\u6240\u53d7\u7684\u5916\u529b\u8ddf\u632f\u52d5\u76f8\u4f4d\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u7576\u5916\u529b\u8ddf\u632f\u52d5\u65b9\u5411\u6709\u6bb5\u540c\u76f8\uff08in phase\uff09\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u6b64\u969b\u80fd\u91cf\u4fbf\u6703\u8f38\u5165\u3002\u8207\u6b64\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u963b\u5c3c\uff08damping\uff09\u3002\u6211\u5011\u6bd4\u8f03\u719f\u6089\u7684\u662f\u6b63\u963b\u5c3c\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5409\u4ed6\u7684\u60b6\u97f3\uff0c\u662f\u8b93\u7434\u5f26\u5728\u9707\u52d5\u6642\u6709\u8f03\u591a\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u8017\u640d\uff0c\u6b64\u6642\u6b63\u963b\u5c3c\u8f03\u5927\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u5728\u524d\u8ff0\u62c9\u5c0f\u63d0\u7434\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u5f13\u62d6\u8457\u7d43\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u8f38\u5165\u80fd\u91cf\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u5247\u76f8\u7576\u65bc\u8ca0\u963b\u5c3c\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u9020\u6210\u632f\u5e45\u905e\u589e\uff0c\u76f4\u5230\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u6548\u61c9\u9650\u5236\u632f\u5e45\uff0c\u624d\u5f62\u6210\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u9031\u671f\u9707\u76ea\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u7d30\u7a76\u6a02\u5668\u7684\u771f\u5be6\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6703\u8d6b\u7136\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u770b\u4f3c\u7406\u6240\u7576\u7136\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u80cc\u5f8c\u5176\u5be6\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u7684\u539f\u7406\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\u9ad8\u4e2d\u8ab2\u672c\u63d0\u5230\u300c\u8072\u97f3\u5f62\u6210\u99d0\u6ce2\uff0c\u5176\u983b\u7387\u6700\u4f4e\u8005\u7a31\u70ba\u57fa\u97f3\uff0c\u983b\u7387\u9ad8\u8005\u7a31\u70ba\u6cdb\u97f3\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u9019\u6bb5\u63cf\u8ff0\u8f03\u9069\u7528\u65bc\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u7ba1\u6a02\u5668\uff0c\u81f3\u65bc\u771f\u5be6\u7684\u7a7a\u6c23\u67f1\u8207\u7434\u5f26\u4e0a\u7684\u99d0\u6ce2\uff0c\u5176\u983b\u7387\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5448\u6574\u6578\u6bd4\u3002\u91cd\u9ede\u662f\uff0c\u7576\u7ba1\u6a02\u5668\u8207\u64e6\u5f26\u6a02\u5668\u6210\u4e86\u975e\u7dda\u6027\u81ea\u6211\u6fc0\u767c\u9707\u76ea\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u767c\u51fa\u8072\u97f3\uff0c\u5176\u500b\u5225\u6cdb\u97f3\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u4e00\u4e00\u5c0d\u61c9\u5230\u99d0\u6ce2\u3002\u5f9e\u52d5\u614b\u7cfb\u7d71\u7406\u8ad6\uff08dynamical systems theory\uff09\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u7ba1\u6a02\u5668\u8207\u64e6\u5f26\u6a02\u5668\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u767c\u51fa\u9031\u671f\u6027\u8072\u6ce2\uff08\u8ae7\u97f3\u983b\u7387\u5448\u6574\u6578\u6bd4\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u632f\u52d5\u7684\u5438\u5b50\uff08attractor\uff09\u662f\u6975\u9650\u74b0\uff08limit cycle\uff09\uff0c\u8ddf\u99d0\u6ce2\u672a\u5fc5\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u8072\u5e36\u8207\u6b4c\u8072\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u4e16\u754c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u4eba\u7684\u8072\u5e36\u80fd\u5920\u767c\u51fa\u9031\u671f\u6027\u8072\u6ce2\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u5c31\u8ddf\u99d0\u6ce2\u5b8c\u5168\u7121\u95dc\u3002\u8072\u5e36\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u76f8\u7576\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5206\u70ba\u4e0a\u76ae\u3001\u98fd\u542b\u6c34\u5206\u7684Reinke\u2019s 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