{"id":36586,"date":"2021-06-23T00:23:01","date_gmt":"2021-06-22T16:23:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36586"},"modified":"2021-06-23T09:48:18","modified_gmt":"2021-06-23T01:48:18","slug":"%e7%9b%a4%e9%bb%9ecovid-19%e7%96%ab%e8%8b%97%e7%9a%84%e8%a3%bd%e9%80%a0%e6%8a%80%e8%a1%93","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36586","title":{"rendered":"\u76e4\u9edeCOVID-19\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u88fd\u9020\u6280\u8853"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u81eaCOVID-19\u75ab\u60c5\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7206\u767c\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5f8c\uff0c\u63a5\u7a2e\u75ab\u82d7\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u9632\u75ab\u7684\u6700\u95dc\u9375\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u3002\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u7814\u767c\u3001\u88fd\u4f5c\u53ca\u8a66\u9a57\u5c6c\u65bc\u5c16\u7aef\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u6280\uff0c\u5168\u4e16\u754c\u53ea\u6709\u5c11\u6578\u570b\u5bb6\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u57f7\u884c\u4e26\u5b8c\u6210\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u570b\u7af6\u76f8\u7814\u88fd\u53ca\u5f15\u9032\u75ab\u82d7\u4e4b\u969b\uff0c\u5df2\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u75ab\u82d7\u7372\u5f97\u6216\u5373\u5c07\u7372\u5f97WHO\u6279\u51c6\u6216\u5927\u591a\u6578\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u7dca\u6025\u4f7f\u7528\u6388\u6b0a\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u63a2\u7d22\u4e26\u6bd4\u8f03\u9019\u4e9bCOVID-19\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u88fd\u9020\u6280\u8853\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u64b0\u6587\/\u9673\u6df5\u9293<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90: Pixabay<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u25cf\u88fd\u9020\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u6280\u8853<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u75ab\u82d7\u662f\u7528\u75c5\u539f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff08\u5982\u7d30\u83cc\u3001\u75c5\u6bd2\u7b49\uff09\u88fd\u6210\u53ef\u4f7f\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7522\u751f\u7279\u7570\u7684\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\uff08adaptive immunity\uff09\u4e4b\u751f\u7269\u88fd\u5291\u3002\u6bcf\u7a2e\u5916\u4f86\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u7279\u7570\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6210\u5206\u7a31\u70ba\u201d\u6297\u539f\u201c\uff0c\u7576\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4fb5\u4eba\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4eba\u9ad4\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u5177\u6709\u8fa8\u8b58\u6575\u6211\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\u4fbf\u6703\u52a0\u4ee5\u8fa8\u8a8d\u4e26\u6d88\u6ec5\u4e4b\u3002\u4eba\u9ad4\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u5177\u6709\u5c08\u4e00\u6027\u53ca\u8a18\u61b6\u6027\u5169\u7a2e\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u5c08\u4e00\u6027\u662f\u6307\u4e00\u7a2e\u6297\u9ad4\u53ea\u80fd\u8fa8\u8b58\u53ca\u5c0d\u4ed8\u4e00\u7a2e\u6297\u539f\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4eba\u9ad4\u9700\u8981\u88fd\u9020\u5404\u7a2e\u6297\u9ad4\u624d\u80fd\u5c0d\u4ed8\u591a\u8b8a\u7684\u5916\u4f86\u6297\u539f\uff1b\u8a18\u61b6\u6027\u662f\u6307\u518d\u5ea6\u9047\u5230\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\u6297\u539f\u6642\uff0c\u4eba\u9ad4\u4fbf\u80fd\u8fc5\u901f\u53cd\u61c9\u7522\u751f\u5927\u91cf\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6297\u9ad4\u3002\u4f9d\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u6280\u8853\u53ef\u5340\u5206\u6210\u4e0b\u5217\u5e7e\u7a2e\u75ab\u82d7\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u4e0d\u6d3b\u5316\u6216\u6ec5\u6d3b\u75ab\u82d7\uff08inactivated vaccine\uff09\uff1a\u5c07\u75c5\u539f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e0d\u6d3b\u5316\uff08\u5931\u6d3b\uff09\u5f8c\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559\u5168\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u88fd\u6210\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u6d3b\u6e1b\u6bd2\u6d3b\u75ab\u82d7\uff08live attenuated vaccine\uff09\uff1a\u85c9\u7531\u5316\u5b78\u7269\u8cea\u4f86\u6e1b\u5c11\u75c5\u539f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u81f4\u75c5\u529b\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u4f7f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4fdd\u6301\u5b58\u6d3b\u800c\u88fd\u6210\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u3002<\/p>\n

3.\u6b21\u55ae\u4f4d\u75ab\u82d7\uff08subunit vaccine\uff09\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u75c5\u539f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u8868\u9762\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6297\u539f\uff08\u6297\u539f\u6c7a\u5b9a\u56e0\u5b50\uff09\u88fd\u5099\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u3002<\/p>\n

4.\u91cd\u7d44\u86cb\u767d\u75ab\u82d7\uff08recombinant protein vaccine\uff09\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u907a\u50b3\u5de5\u7a0b\u6280\u8853\u5c07\u7279\u5b9a\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6539\u9020\u6210\u985e\u4f3c\u75c5\u539f\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6709\u6548\u6297\u539f\u800c\u88fd\u6210\u7684\u75ab\u82d7\u3002<\/p>\n

5.DNA\u75ab\u82d7\uff08DNA vaccine\uff09\uff1a\u6ce8\u5c04\u542b\u6709\u7de8\u78bc\u5f15\u8d77\u6240\u9700\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\u6297\u539f\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u8cea\u9ad4\u5230\u7d30\u80de\u5167\uff0c\u4f7f\u7d30\u80de\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u7522\u751f\u6297\u539f\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\u3002<\/p>\n

6.\u4fe1\u4f7fRNA\u75ab\u82d7\uff08mRNA vaccine\uff09\uff1a\u5229\u7528mRNA\u8f49\u8b6f\u7522\u751f\u7279\u7570\u6027\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5f15\u767c\u4eba\u9ad4\u7522\u751f\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0mRNA\u5c0d\u6eab\u5ea6\u654f\u611f\u4e14\u6613\u88abRNA\u5206\u89e3\u9176\uff08RNase\uff09\u5206\u89e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5fc5\u9808\u5c07\u5176\u5305\u88f9\u5728\u9069\u7576\u8f09\u9ad4\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u75ab\u82d7\u4e0d\u53d7\u7834\u58de\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u75ab\u82d7\u8f09\u9ad4<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8f09\u9ad4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u5c07\u7528\u65bc\u5408\u6210\u6297\u539f\u7684\u907a\u50b3\u7269\u8cea\u904b\u9001\u81f3\u4eba\u9ad4\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6216\u5fae\u751f\u7269\uff0c\u85c9\u4ee5\u63d0\u9ad8\u905e\u9001\u7684\u6548\u7387\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u88ab\u6838\u51c6\u7528\u65bc\u88fd\u4f5c COVID-19 \u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u8f09\u9ad4\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p>\n

1.\u817a\u75c5\u6bd2(adenovirus)\uff1a\u5229\u7528\u91cd\u7d44\u817a\u75c5\u6bd2\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f09\u9ad4\u5c07\u53ef\u7de8\u78bc\u6a19\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u4e4bDNA\u5e8f\u5217\u5e36\u5165\u4eba\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u3002\u539f\u7406\u662f\u522a\u9664\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f09\u9ad4\u7684\u81ea\u884c\u8907\u88fd\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u518d\u5c07\u4e00\u6bb5\u53ef\u88fd\u9020\u75c5\u6bd2\u68d8\u7a81\u86cb\u767d\uff08spike protein\uff09\u7684DNA\u653e\u5165\u817a\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u5c07\u4e4b\u905e\u9001\u81f3\u4eba\u9ad4\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u88fd\u9020\u6297\u539f\u4ee5\u523a\u6fc0\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u75c5\u6bd2\u8f09\u9ad4\u9664\u4e86\u4e0d\u6703\u5728\u4eba\u9ad4\u5167\u5927\u91cf\u8907\u88fd\u53ca\u7121\u50b3\u7d71\u75ab\u82d7\u5371\u96aa\u6027\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u53ef\u540c\u6642\u5f15\u767c\u5148\u5929\u6027\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\uff08innate immunity\uff09\u53ca\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u6b64\u7a2e\u8f09\u9ad4\u7684\u512a\u9ede\u662f\u88fd\u4f5c\u7c21\u55ae\u3001\u5b89\u5168\u53ca\u6709\u6548\uff0c\u4e26\u80fd\u5920\u5c0d\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7522\u751f\u5168\u9762\u4e14\u9577\u671f\u6027\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

2.\u5948\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50\uff08nanoparticle\uff09\uff1a\u5948\u7c73\u81a0\u56ca\u7684\u6280\u8853\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u6838\u9178\uff08DNA\u6216 RNA\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u9577\u93c8\u5206\u5b50\u5305\u88dd\u5165\u5f88\u5c0f\u7684\u5948\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u767c\u73fe\u5c07\u805a\u4e59\u4e8c\u9187\uff08polyethylene glycol, PEG\uff09\u52a0\u5728\u5948\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50\u7684\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u9577\u5176\u5728\u9ad4\u5167\u5b58\u7559\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002\u8fd1\u4f86\u66f4\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u8102\u8cea\u5948\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50\uff08lipid nanoparticle\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514dRNA\u88ab\u5206\u89e3\u6216\u7834\u58de\uff0c\u4ea6\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u5354\u52a9RNA\u901a\u904e\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u3002\u57282018\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u98df\u54c1\u85e5\u7269\u7ba1\u7406\u5c40\uff08FDA\uff09\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u8102\u8cea\u5948\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50\u4f5c\u70baRNA\u7684\u8f09\u9ad4\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u83ab\u5fb7\u7d0d\u548c\u8f1d\u745e\u7684mRNA\u75ab\u82d7\u90fd\u662f\u63a1\u7528\u542b\u6709PEG\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u5948\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50\u4f5c\u70ba\u8f09\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u4e3b\u8981<\/strong> COVID-19<\/strong>\u75ab\u82d7\u4e4b\u6bd4\u8f03<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u622a\u81f32021\u5e746\u67081\u65e5\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54\uff08WHO\uff09\u5171\u6279\u51c6\u4e86\u516d\u7a2eCOVID-19\u75ab\u82d7\u5728\u5168\u7403\u7684\u7dca\u6025\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u8f1d\u745e\/BNT\u3001\u83ab\u5fb7\u7d0d\u3001\u725b\u6d25\uff0d\u963f\u65af\u7279\u6377\u5229\u5eb7\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u751f\u7522\u7684COVISHIELD\uff09\u3001\u5b0c\u751f\u3001\u570b\u85e5\uff08BBIBP-CorV\uff09\u53ca\u79d1\u8208\u751f\u7269\uff08CoronaVac\uff09\u75ab\u82d7\u3002\u6b78\u7d0d\u7372\u5f97WHO\u6279\u51c6\u53ca\u5176\u4ed6\u570b\u5bb6\u7dca\u6025\u4f7f\u7528\u6388\u6b0a\uff08Emergency Use Authorization, EUA\uff09\u7684\u4e3b\u8981COVID-19\u75ab\u82d7\u5982\u4e0b\u8868\uff1a<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8afe\u74e6\u74e6\u514b\u65afCOVID-19\u75ab\u82d7\u5c6c\u65bc\u91cd\u7d44\u86cb\u767d\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u4e43\u63a1\u7528\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6b21\u55ae\u4f4d\u53ca\u5948\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u8907\u88fd\u7121\u5bb3\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u68d8\u7a81\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u62bd\u53d6\u7d14\u5316\u5f8c\u6253\u5165\u4eba\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f7f\u514d\u75ab\u7d30\u80de\u80fd\u8fa8\u8a8d\u4e4b\u800c\u5f15\u8d77\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u539f\u7406\u662f\u5148\u6539\u9020\u542b\u6709\u88fd\u9020SARS-CoV-2\u68d8\u7a81\u86cb\u767d\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u687f\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08baculovirus\uff09\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u6606\u87f2\u7d30\u80de\u5f8c\u7522\u751f\u68d8\u7a81\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u518d\u5c07\u68d8\u7a81\u86cb\u767d\u7d14\u5316\u6536\u96c6\u5f8c\uff0c\u5305\u88dd\u5165\u8102\u8cea\u5948\u7c73\u7c92\u5b50\u5167\u4f5c\u6210\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u4e26\u542b\u6709\u7682\u82f7\uff08saponin\uff09\u4f5c\u70ba\u4f50\u5291\uff08adjuvant\uff09\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6b64\u75ab\u82d7\u5df2\u5b8c\u6210\u4e09\u671f\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a57\u4e26\u6b63\u7533\u8acb\u5be9\u67e5\u4e2d\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u90e8\u5206\u570b\u5bb6\u8868\u9054\u8cfc\u8cb7\u6216\u4ee3\u5de5\u751f\u7522\u7684\u610f\u9858\uff0c\u4f46\u8fc4\u672a\u7372\u5f97\u4efb\u4f55\u570b\u5bb6\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u6279\u51c6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u7a2e\u75ab\u82d7\u5fc5\u9808\u517c\u9867\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3001\u6709\u6548\u6027\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u6027\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6709\u6548\u6027\u53ca\u5b89\u5168\u6027\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u7d50\u679c\u5e38\u6703\u4f9d\u5730\u57df\u3001\u570b\u5bb6\u3001\u7a2e\u65cf\u3001\u6027\u5225\u3001\u5e74\u9f61\u53ca\u500b\u9ad4\u907a\u50b3\u800c\u6709\u5dee\u7570\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u540c\u4e00\u652f COVID-19\u75ab\u82d7\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a66\u9a57\u4e2d\u5c55\u73fe\u7684\u4fdd\u8b77\u6548\u529b\u53ca\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u4fbf\u7d93\u5e38\u986f\u8457\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u526f\u4f5c\u7528\u767c\u751f\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u7a0b\u5ea6\u53ca\u6a5f\u7387\u8207\u500b\u4eba\u9ad4\u8cea\uff08\u907a\u50b3\uff09\u5bc6\u5207\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5f88\u96e3\u5c0d\u5176\u4f5c\u6709\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u6027\u8a55\u4f30\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cCOVID-19\u75ab\u82d7\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u53ca\u4f7f\u7528\u5be6\u5728\u662f\u4e00\u9580\u5f88\u6df1\u5967\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.Palacios R, Pati\u00f1o EG, de Oliveira Piorelli R, Conde MTRP, Batista AP, Zeng G, Xin Q, Kallas EG, Flores J, Ockenhouse CF, Gast C. Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Phase III Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of treating Healthcare Professionals with the Adsorbed COVID-19 (Inactivated) Vaccine Manufactured by Sinovac - PROFISCOV: A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.Trials. 2020 Oct 15;21(1):853. doi: 10.1186\/s13063-020-04775-4.
\n2.Al Kaabi N, Zhang Y, Xia S, Yang Y, Al Qahtani MM, Abdulrazzaq N, Al Nusair M, Hassany M, Jawad JS, Abdalla J, Hussein SE, Al Mazrouei SK, Al Karam M, Li X, Yang X, Wang W, Lai B, Chen W, Huang S, Wang Q, Yang T, Liu Y, Ma R, Hussain ZM, Khan T, Saifuddin Fasihuddin M, You W, Xie Z, Zhao Y, Jiang Z, Zhao G, Zhang Y, Mahmoud S, ElTantawy I, Xiao P, Koshy A, Zaher WA, Wang H, Duan K, Pan A, Yang X. Effect of 2 Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines on Symptomatic COVID-19 Infection in Adults: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA. 2021 May 26. doi: 10.1001\/jama.2021.8565. Online ahead of print.
\n3.Logunov DY, Dolzhikova IV, Shcheblyakov DV, Tukhvatulin AI, Zubkova OV, Dzharullaeva AS, Kovyrshina AV, Lubenets NL, Grousova DM, Erokhova AS, Botikov AG, Izhaeva FM, Popova O, Ozharovskaya TA, Esmagambetov IB, Favorskaya IA, Zrelkin DI, Voronina DV, Shcherbinin DN, Semikhin AS, Simakova YV, Tokarskaya EA, Egorova DA, Shmarov MM, Nikitenko NA, Gushchin VA, Smolyarchuk EA, Zyryanov SK, Borisevich SV, Naroditsky BS, Gintsburg AL; Gam-COVID-Vac Vaccine Trial Group. Safety and efficacy of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia. Lancet. 2021 Feb 20;397(10275):671-681. doi: 10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)00234-8. Epub 2021 Feb 2.
\n4.Heath, Paul T.; Galiza, Eva P.; Baxter, David Neil; Boffito, Marta; Browne, Duncan; Burns, Fiona; Chadwick, David R.; Clark, Rebecca; Cosgrove, Catherine; Galloway, James; Goodman, Anna L.; Heer, Amardeep; Higham, Andrew; Iyengar, Shalini; Jamal, Arham; Jeanes, Christopher; Kalra, Philip A.; Kyriakidou, Christina; McAuley, Daniel F.; Meyrick, Agnieszka; Minassian, Angela M.; Minton, Jane; Moore, Patrick; Munsoor, Imrozia; Nicholls, Helen; Osanlou, Orod; Packham, Jonathan; Pretswell, Carol H.; Ramos, Alberto San Francisco; Saralaya, Dinesh; Sheridan, Ray P.; Smith, Richard; Soiza, Roy L.; Swift, Pauline A.; Thomson, Emma C.; Turner, Jeremy; Viljoen, Marianne Elizabeth; Albert, Gary; Cho, Iksung; Dubovsky, Filip; Glenn, Greg; Rivers, Joy; Robertson, Andreana; Smith, Kathy; Toback, Seth. Efficacy of the NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine Against the B.1.1.7 Variant. medRxiv. 2021-05-14[2021-05-25]. doi:10.1101\/2021.05.13.21256639.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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