{"id":36555,"date":"2021-06-24T00:21:17","date_gmt":"2021-06-23T16:21:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36555"},"modified":"2021-06-23T10:30:40","modified_gmt":"2021-06-23T02:30:40","slug":"%e5%ae%87%e5%ae%99%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e3%80%8c%e7%a3%81%e3%80%8d","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36555","title":{"rendered":"\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u78c1\u300d"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u5230\u8655\u90fd\u6709\u78c1\u5834\uff01\u78c1\u5834\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u6700\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u5929\u9ad4\u3001\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u5247\u9084\u662f\u672a\u89e3\u4e4b\u8b0e\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u5c0d\u5149\u8b5c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5149\u7684\u504f\u632f\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u91cf\u6e2c\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f97\u4ee5\u4e00\u6b65\u6b65\u63ed\u958b\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u5206\u4f48\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u4ecb\u7d39\u89c0\u6e2c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u95dc\u65bc\u592a\u967d\u9ed1\u5b50\u3001\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3001\u4e00\u4e9b\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u8a31\u4e16\u7a4e<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25cf\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u4e5f\u6709\u78c1\u5834<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u25cf\u585e\u66fc\u6548\u61c9\uff08Zeeman Effect<\/strong>\uff09\uff1a\u91cf\u6e2c\u592a\u967d\u9ed1\u5b50<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

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\u5728\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u8b93\u9019\u4e9b\u8b5c\u7dda\u6703\u300c\u5206\u88c2\u300d\u6210\u597d\u5e7e\u689d\uff08\u5982\u57161\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u585e\u66fc\u6548\u61c9\uff08Zeeman effect\uff09\u300d\u3002\u7269\u8cea\u6240\u5728\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u78c1\u5834\u6108\u5f37\uff0c\u8b5c\u7dda\u5c31\u5206\u5f97\u6108\u958b\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u91cf\u6e2c\u8b5c\u7dda\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u77e5\u9053\u78c1\u5834\u6709\u591a\u5f37\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u57161\uff1a\u8cfd\u66fc\u6548\u61c9\u793a\u610f\u5716\uff0c\u5f9e\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u6c92\u6709\u78c1\u5834\u3001\uff08\u4e2d\uff09\u5f31\u78c1\u5834\u3001\u5230\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5f37\u78c1\u5834\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u8cfd\u66fc\u6548\u61c9\u975e\u5e38\u5fae\u5f31\uff0c\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\u4e0d\u6703\u9019\u9ebc\u660e\u986f\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a[2]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u5929\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u5229\u7528\u585e\u66fc\u6548\u61c9\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u91cf\u6e2c\u592a\u967d\u9ed1\u5b50\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u3002\u592a\u967d\u9ed1\u5b50\u662f\u592a\u967d\u8868\u9762\u7684\u9ed1\u6591\uff0c\u662f\u592a\u967d\u8868\u9762\u6bd4\u8f03\u4f4e\u6eab\u7684\u5340\u57df\uff08\u7d043000\u81f34000 K\uff09\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u8cfd\u66fc\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u592a\u967d\u9ed1\u5b50\u7684\u5340\u57df\u5177\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u5927\u7d04\u662f\u5730\u78c1\u7684\u4e00\u842c\u500d\uff01\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u9019\u9ebc\u5f37\u7684\u78c1\u5834\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6ce2\u9577\u5206\u88c2\u4e5f\u4e0d\u904e\u5c31\u662f\u539f\u4f86\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u842c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\u5de6\u53f3\u800c\u5df2 [3]\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7cbe\u5bc6\u6e2c\u91cf\u7684\u5100\u5668\u662f\u7d55\u5c0d\u770b\u4e0d\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff08\u57162\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u57162\uff1a\uff08\u5de6\uff09\u592a\u967d\u9ed1\u5b50\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6cbf\u8457\u9ed1\u6240\u91cf\u6e2c\u5230\u7684\uff08\u53f3\uff09\u5149\u8b5c\u3002\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u53f3\u5716\u4e2d\u7684\u7dda\u5206\u958b\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u592a\u967d\u9ed1\u5b50\u6709\u78c1\u5834\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aNSO\/AURA\/NSF [4]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u773e\u6240\u7686\u77e5\uff0c\u5730\u7403\u4e5f\u662f\u6709\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u3002\u5730\u7403\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u5f9e\u5357\u6975\u51fa\u767c\u7e5e\u904e\u534a\u500b\u5730\u7403\u81f3\u5317\u6975\u6c92\u5165\u3002\u5730\u7403\u3001\u592a\u967d\u7b49\u9019\u4e9b\u5929\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u7522\u751f\u539f\u56e0\u6709\u500b\u300c\u767c\u96fb\u6a5f\u7406\u8ad6\uff08Dynamo theory\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5929\u9ad4\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u5c0e\u96fb\u6d41\u9ad4\u662f\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u5730\u7403\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u5730\u6838\u6210\u5206\u5c31\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0e\u96fb\u7684\u9435\u5408\u91d1\uff0c\u5728\u9ad8\u6eab\u4e0b\u6d41\u52d5\u7684\u9435\u5408\u91d1\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u5708\u5708\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u504f\u632f\u5149\u8207\u540c\u6b65\u8f3b\u5c04<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u89c0\u5bdf\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u5149\u7684\u300c\u504f\u632f\uff08polarization\uff09\u300d\u3002\u5149\u662f\u7d93\u7531\u96fb\u5834\u3001\u78c1\u5834\u76f8\u4e92\u9707\u76ea\u6240\u50b3\u905e\u7684\u3002\u7576\u4e00\u675f\u5149\u7684\u96fb\u5834\u5168\u90e8\u90fd\u56fa\u5b9a\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u4e0a\u9707\u76ea\uff0c\u9019\u675f\u5149\u5c31\u662f\u7dda\u504f\u632f\uff08Linear polarization\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u675f\u5149\u7684\u96fb\u5834\u9707\u76ea\u65b9\u5411\u50cf\u6642\u9418\u7684\u6307\u91dd\u4e00\u6a23\u6703\u6f38\u6f38\u65cb\u8f49\uff0c\u5247\u7a31\u70ba\u5713\u504f\u632f\uff08Circular polarization\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u5149\u6e90\u5149\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u96fb\u5834\u9707\u76ea\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u96fb\u5834\u6cbf\u8457\u5404\u7a2e\u65b9\u5411\u9707\u76ea\u7684\u90fd\u6709\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u5149\u5247\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u975e\u504f\u632f\u5149\uff08Unpolarized light\uff09\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u975e\u504f\u632f\u5149\u7d93\u904e\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u5f8c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u8b8a\u6210\u504f\u632f\u5149\u3002\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c31\u662f\u52a0\u5165\u300c\u504f\u632f\u7247\u300d\u3002\u504f\u632f\u7247\u80fd\u628a\u7279\u5b9a\u504f\u632f\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5149\u904e\u6ffe\u6389\u3001\u53ea\u8b93\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u504f\u632f\u65b9\u5411\u7684\u5149\u901a\u904e\uff0c \u6709\u9ede\u985e\u4f3c\u767d\u5149\u901a\u904e\u7d05\u8272\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u7d19\u5c31\u6703\u53ea\u5269\u4e0b\u7d05\u5149\u4e00\u6a23\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5e36\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u78c1\u5834\u4e2d\u6703\u87ba\u65cb\u7e5e\u8f49\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u653e\u51fa\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u3002\u9ad8\u901f\u884c\u9032\u4e2d\u7684\u5e36\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\u5728\u78c1\u5834\u4e2d\u7e5e\u8f49\u6240\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u540c\u6b65\u8f3b\u5c04\uff08Synchrotron radiation\uff09\u300d\u3002\u540c\u6b65\u8f3b\u5c04\u6a5f\u5236\u4e0b\u6240\u653e\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u5149\u5177\u6709\u5169\u500b\u7279\u6027\uff1a\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5149\u8b5c\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u504f\u632f\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u662f\u6240\u6709\u5929\u9ad4\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u767c\u5c04\u540c\u6b65\u7269\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\uff0c\u5f97\u5c07\u5e36\u96fb\u7c92\u5b50\u52a0\u901f\u7684\u5920\u5feb\u3001\u9084\u8981\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u5929\u9ad4\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u8108\u885d\u661f\u98a8\u96f2\uff08pulsar wind nebula\uff09\u300d\u3002\u87f9\u72c0\u661f\u96f2\uff08Crab nebula\uff09\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u597d\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff08\u57163\uff09\u3002\u87f9\u72c0\u661f\u96f2\u662f1054\u5e74\u4e00\u9846\u8d85\u65b0\u661fSN 1054\u7206\u70b8\u5f8c\u7684\u907a\u9ab8\u3002\u7206\u70b8\u5f8c\u5728\u4e2d\u592e\u7559\u6709\u4e00\u9846\u4e2d\u5b50\u661f\uff0c\u5468\u570d\u5247\u88ab\u96f2\u6c23\u74b0\u7e5e\u3002\u5728\u53ef\u898b\u5149\u6ce2\u6bb5\u4e0b\u4e94\u5f69\u7e7d\u7d1b\u3001\u975e\u5e38\u6f02\u4eae\u3002\u4ed4\u7d30\u770b\u7684\u8a71\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u7247\u8ff7\u6fdb\u7684\u85cd\u8272\u5149\u8292\uff0c\u5c31\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u4e2d\u592e\u90a3\u9846\u4e2d\u5b50\u661f\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002[5]<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u57163\uff1a\u87f9\u72c0\u661f\u96f2\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aNASA, ESA, J. Hester and A. Loll (Arizona State University) [5]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u9ed1\u6d1e\u9644\u8fd1\u4e5f\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u6703\u7522\u751f\u540c\u6b65\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u57282019\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u53f2\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u5f35\u9ed1\u6d1e\u76f8\u7247\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u6240\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5718\u968a\u5247\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5468\u906d\u7684\u5149\u504f\u632f\uff08\u57164\uff09\u3002\u5f9e\u504f\u632f\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u80fd\u56de\u63a8\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u5206\u4f48\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u9ed1\u6d1e\u66f4\u52a0\u7406\u89e3\u3002 [6][7]<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u57164\uff1a\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7684\u504f\u632f\u65b9\u5411\u5716\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a\u00a9 EHT Collaboration [6]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u25cf\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u65cb\u8f49\uff1a\u91cf\u6e2c\u661f\u969b\u4ecb\u8cea<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7576\u504f\u632f\u5149\u7d93\u904e\u5e36\u6709\u4ecb\u8cea\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u6642\uff0c\u504f\u632f\u65b9\u5411\u6703\u65cb\u8f49\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u73fe\u8c61\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u65cb\u8f49\uff08Faraday rotation\uff09\u300d\u3002\u78c1\u5834\u6108\u5f37\uff0c\u504f\u632f\u65b9\u5411\u6539\u8b8a\u6108\u591a\u3002\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u65cb\u8f49\u662f\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u91cf\u6e2c\u78c1\u5834\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u91cf\u6e2c\u5149\u504f\u632f\u65b9\u5411\u6539\u8b8a\u4e86\u591a\u5c11\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u63a8\u77e5\u5149\u6e90\u5230\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ecb\u8cea\u5177\u6709\u591a\u5f37\u7684\u78c1\u5834\u3002\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\u4e3b\u8981\u88ab\u7528\u5728\u89c0\u6e2c\u5206\u5e03\u5728\u5b87\u5b99\u5404\u8655\u7684\u661f\u969b\u4ecb\u8cea\uff08\u57165\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u4e86\u672c\u6587\u6240\u4ecb\u7d39\u7684\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u5b87\u5b99\u4e2d\u9084\u6709\u5f88\u591a\u95dc\u65bc\u78c1\u5834\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\uff0c\u4e5f\u9084\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u8b0e\u5718\u6c92\u6709\u89e3\u958b\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u78c1\u5834\u5982\u4f55\u51fa\u73fe\uff1f\u9019\u4e9b\u78c1\u5834\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u5929\u9ad4\uff1f\u78c1\u5834\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u6574\u500b\u5b87\u5b99\u7684\u6f14\u5316\uff1f\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u9084\u662f\u73fe\u5728\u9032\u884c\u5f0f\uff0c\u671f\u5f85\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u80fd\u5e36\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7b54\u6848\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u57165\uff1a\u5168\u5929\u7684\u5fae\u6ce2\u80cc\u666f\u8f3b\u5c04\u5f37\u5ea6\u53ca\u78c1\u5834\u5206\u4f48\u5716\u3002\u984f\u8272\u5f9e\u85cd\u8272\u5230\u7d05\u8272\u4ee3\u8868\u80cc\u666f\u8f3b\u5c04\u7684\u5f37\u5ea6\uff0c\u7dda\u689d\u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u78c1\u5834\u65b9\u5411\u3002\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aESA\/Planck [1]<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. [1] \u6bcf\u65e5\u4e00\u5929\u6587\u5716 (\u6210\u5927\u7269\u7406\u5206\u7ad9) Astronomy Picture of the Day: 2020 June 17<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. [2] Explanation of how the magnetic field on a star affects the light emitted<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. [3] Physics Courses \/ The Zeeman Effect<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. [4] NOIRLab \/ Sunspot with spectrum<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. [5]wiki \/ Crab Nebula<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. [6] EHT \/ Astronomers Image Magnetic Fields at the Edge of M87\u2019s Black Hole<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. [7] \u4e2d\u7814\u9662\u9662\u8a0a \/ \u63a2\u7d22\u9ed1\u6d1e\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff01EHT\u516c\u5e03M87\u661f\u7cfb\u504f\u632f\u5149\u5f71\u50cf \u76f4\u64ca\u9ed1\u6d1e\u78c1\u5834<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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