{"id":36446,"date":"2021-04-29T00:56:24","date_gmt":"2021-04-28T16:56:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36446"},"modified":"2021-04-23T14:07:54","modified_gmt":"2021-04-23T06:07:54","slug":"%e5%a4%a9%e7%84%b6%e7%89%a9%e7%a0%94%e7%a9%b6%e7%9a%84%e5%89%8d%e4%b8%96%e4%bb%8a%e7%94%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36446","title":{"rendered":"\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u524d\u4e16\u4eca\u751f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587 \/ \u9b6f\u5dbd\u3001\u6731\u5fe0\u701a \u570b\u7acb\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u50b3\u8aaa\u4e2d\u795e\u8fb2\u6c0f\u85c9\u7531\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u8a66\u5403\uff0c\u9451\u5b9a\u4e86\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u8a31\u591a\u7a2e\u7684\u52d5\u690d\u7269\u548c\u7926\u7269\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8a73\u7d30\u65e2\u8f09\u9019\u4e9b\u7269\u8cea\u5c0d\u65bc\u8abf\u990a\u8eab\u9ad4\u6216\u6cbb\u7642\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5f8c\u4eba\u9010\u6b65\u7d71\u6574\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d2f\u7a4d\u6210\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e2d\u85e5\u5178\u7c4d\u300a\u672c\u8349\u7db1\u76ee\u300b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u662f\u53e4\u4ee3\u300c\u85e5\u7269\u958b\u767c\u300d\u6700\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u78ba\u5be6\u80fd\u627e\u5230\u5177\u6709\u7642\u6548\u7684\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u4f46\u5c0d\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7522\u751f\u7642\u6548\uff0c\u537b\u96e3\u4ee5\u5728\u5206\u5b50\u5c64\u7d1a\u6709\u8a73\u76e1\u7684\u8ad6\u8ff0\u3002\u8209\u4f8b\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u77e5\u9053\u559d\u8336\u53ef\u4ee5\u63d0\u795e\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u8336\u8449\u7d44\u6210\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u8449\u7da0\u7d20\u3001\u7e96\u7dad\u7d20\u3001\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3001\u5404\u7a2e\u5fae\u91cf\u7926\u7269\u8cea\u7b49\u773e\u591a\u6210\u5206\uff0c\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u90fd\u4e0d\u5177\u63d0\u795e\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff1b\u5728\u4ed4\u7d30\u5206\u96e2\u7d14\u5316\u5404\u500b\u5206\u5b50\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u767c\u73fe\u53ea\u6709\u5496\u5561\u56e0\u5177\u6709\u63d0\u795e\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u5496\u5561\u56e0\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5929\u7136\u7269(natural product)\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u300c\u5496\u5561\u56e0\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8336\u8449\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u6642\u4ee3\u800c\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f46\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\u548c\u5207\u5165\u9ede\uff0c\u78ba\u5be6\u56e0\u6642\u4ee3\u8b8a\u9077\u800c\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff1b\u672c\u6587\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5929\u7136\u7269\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u5929\u7136\u7269\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u300c\u5929\u7136\u7269\u300d\uff0c\u5c08\u6307\u5404\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\u6240\u88fd\u9020\u7684\u300c\u6b21\u7d1a\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269\u300d\u3002\u6b21\u7d1a\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269\u53c8\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u751f\u7269\u70ba\u4e86\u7dad\u6301\u751f\u5b58\u548c\u7e41\u884d\u5f8c\u4ee3\uff0c\u9ad4\u5167\u6703\u9032\u884c\u8af8\u591a\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u4e26\u7522\u751f\u5404\u7a2e\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7522\u7269\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7522\u7269\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5206\u70ba\u521d\u7d1a\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269(primary metabolite)\u548c\u6b21\u7d1a\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269(secondary metabolite)\u3002\u524d\u8005\u6307\u7684\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u53c3\u8207\u751f\u7269\u7684\u751f\u9577\u7e41\u6b96\u7b49\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u6b65\u9a5f\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u597d\u6bd4\u651c\u5e36\u907a\u50b3\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u6838\u9178\u3001\u50ac\u5316\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u5404\u7a2e\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u7684\u9175\u7d20\uff08\u4ee5\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u70ba\u4e3b\uff09\u3001\u69cb\u6210\u7d30\u80de\u819c\u7684\u8102\u8cea\u7b49\u3002\u6b21\u7d1a\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269\u2014\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5929\u7136\u7269\u2014\u5247\u525b\u597d\u76f8\u53cd\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5206\u5b50\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u53c3\u8207\u751f\u5b58\u7e41\u6b96\u7b49\u6b65\u9a5f\uff0c\u5728\u990a\u5206\u7a7a\u9593\u5145\u8db3\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d30\u80de\u6c92\u6709\u5929\u7136\u7269\u4e00\u6a23\u80fd\u5b58\u6d3b\uff0c\u4f46\u5929\u7136\u7269\u80fd\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u6d3b\u5f97\u66f4\u300c\u7cbe\u91c7\u300d\uff08\u5716\u4e00\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6709\u4e9b\u5929\u7136\u7269\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u7d30\u80de\u6c72\u53d6\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u990a\u5206\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u80fd\u4fc3\u6210\u751f\u7269\u7d50\u76df\u4e92\u5229\u5171\u751f\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5247\u7528\u4f86\u6bd2\u6bba\u7af6\u722d\u5c0d\u624b\u9032\u800c\u7368\u4f54\u8cc7\u6e90\u3002\u5929\u7136\u7269\u96d6\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u53c3\u8207\u751f\u9577\u7b49\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u537b\u5c0d\u65bc\u751f\u547d\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u537b\u4e0d\u4e9e\u65bc\u521d\u7d1a\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269\u3002\u53c8\u7531\u65bc\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u591a\u6a23\u5316\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u628a\u5b83\u5011\u8996\u70ba\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u300c\u5206\u5b50\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u300d\u7684\u5448\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5929\u7136\u7269\u6e90\u65bc\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u4e2d\u7684\u5404\u500b\u89d2\u843d\uff0c\u690d\u7269\u7684\u6839\u8396\u8449\u548c\u571f\u58e4\u4e2d\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u662f\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u5169\u5927\u4f86\u6e90\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u901a\u5e38\u59cb\u65bc\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u548c\u7d14\u5316\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7d14\u7269\u8cea\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u518d\u7d93\u4ee5\u5316\u5b78\u5100\u5668\u9451\u5b9a\u5176\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u5be6\u9a57\u78ba\u5b9a\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u70ba\u85e5\u7269\u958b\u767c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u9748\u611f\uff0c\u4e5f\u6301\u7e8c\u5e36\u7d66\u751f\u7269\u548c\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u7814\u7a76\u5e36\u4f86\u65b0\u7684\u555f\u793a\uff0c\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u5c07\u4e00\u4e00\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_36447\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-36447\" style=\"width: 461px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36447\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/01-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"461\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/01-2.jpg 461w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/01-2-300x247.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 461px) 100vw, 461px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-36447\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e00\u3001\u5929\u7136\u7269\u662f\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u300c\u5206\u5b50\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u300d\u7684\u5448\u73fe\uff0c\u80fd\u8b93\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u5f97\u66f4\u300c\u7cbe\u91c7\u300d\uff0c\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u5305\u62ec\u5e6b\u52a9\u7d30\u80de\u6c72\u53d6\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u990a\u5206\u3001\u4fc3\u6210\u751f\u7269\u7d50\u76df\u4e92\u5229\u5171\u751f\u3001\u6bd2\u6bba\u7af6\u722d\u5c0d\u624b\u9032\u800c\u7368\u4f54\u8cc7\u6e90\u7b49\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u5929\u7136\u7269\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u524d\u6587\u6240\u8ff0\uff0c\u5929\u7136\u7269\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u80fd\u5e36\u7d66\u4eba\u985e\u751f\u6d3b\u773e\u591a\u52a9\u76ca\uff0c\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u71b1\u9580\u8ab2\u984c\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e09\u7a2e\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e86\u89e3\u5929\u7136\u7269\u5e36\u7d66\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6b63\u9762\u5f71\u97ff\uff1a\u85e5\u7269\u958b\u767c\u7684\u8d77\u59cb\u9ede\uff0c\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5316\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u85e5\u7269\u958b\u767c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u73fe\u4ee3\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u548c\u85e5\u7269\u958b\u767c\u606f\u606f\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u8981\u8b1b\u8ff0\u9019\u500b\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5c31\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u63d0\u5230\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5929\u7136\u7269\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u2013\u9752\u9ef4\u7d20\u2013\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u30021928\u5e74\uff0c\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\u2027\u5f17\u840a\u660e(Alexander Fleming)\u5728\u57f9\u990a\u91d1\u9ec3\u8272\u8461\u8404\u7403\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u8b93\u9752\u9ef4\u83cc\u6c59\u67d3\u4e86\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u6a23\u54c1\u3002\u4ed6\u4ed4\u7d30\u89c0\u5bdf\u4ed6\u7684\u57f9\u990a\u76bf\u5f8c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9752\u9ef4\u83cc\u83cc\u843d\u7684\u5468\u906d\uff0c\u7adf\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u91d1\u9ec3\u8272\u8461\u8404\u7403\u83cc\u751f\u9577\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5340\u9593\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u6291\u83cc\u57df(growth inhibition zone)\u300d\uff08\u5716\u4e8c\uff09\uff1b\u5f8c\u7e8c\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9752\u9ef4\u83cc\u6703\u5206\u6ccc\u9752\u9ef4\u7d20(penicillin)\u4f86\u6bba\u6b7b\u7d30\u83cc\u3002[1,2]<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_36448\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-36448\" style=\"width: 575px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36448\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/02-1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"575\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/02-1.jpg 575w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/02-1-300x127.jpg 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 575px) 100vw, 575px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-36448\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e8c\u3001\u4f5b\u840a\u660e\u5728\u88ab\u6c61\u67d3\u7684\u57f9\u990a\u76bf\u4e0a\uff0c\u610f\u5916\u767c\u73fe\u91d1\u9ec3\u8272\u8461\u8404\u7403\u83cc(S. aureus)\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u771f\u83cc(P. notatum)\u5468\u570d\u751f\u9577\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u9752\u9ef4\u7d20\u4e26\u4e0d\u76f4\u63a5\u53c3\u8207\u751f\u9577\u7e41\u6b96\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u85c9\u7531\u6bba\u6b7b\u91d1\u9ec3\u8272\u8461\u8404\u7403\u83cc\u4f86\u64f4\u5f35\u9752\u9ef4\u83cc\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u7a7a\u9593\uff0c\u9593\u63a5\u5e6b\u52a9\u9752\u9ef4\u83cc\u7684\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u9019\u4fbf\u662f\u524d\u6587\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u6b21\u7d1a\u4ee3\u8b1d\u7269\u7684\u529f\u7528\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u9752\u9ef4\u7d20\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u662f\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u91cd\u5927\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u767c\u73fe\u5b83\u4e5f\u80fd\u6291\u5236\u5176\u4ed6\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u751f\u9577\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u628a\u9752\u9ef4\u7d20\u7528\u65bc\u6cbb\u7642\u7d30\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u5728\u9019\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u6709\u6548\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c0d\u6297\u81f4\u75c5\u6027\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u9752\u9ef4\u7d20\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u548c\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u65e5\u5b50\u633d\u6551\u4e86\u7121\u6578\u7684\u6027\u547d\u3002\u73fe\u4ee3\u85e5\u7269\u958b\u767c\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u6709\u7121\u6578\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5c07\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\uff0c\u65bd\u65bc\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u6709\u76ca\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u751f\u7269\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5de5\u5177<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5929\u7136\u7269\u5c0d\u65bc\u57fa\u790e\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u6709\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u52a9\u76ca\uff0c\u5b83\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u5f15\u9818\u5b78\u8005\u958b\u62d3\u65b0\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5929\u7136\u7269\u5f97\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u529f\u80fd\u5c08\u4e00\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u5ef6\u7e8c\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u767c\u73fe\u9752\u9ef4\u7d20\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u63a5\u8457\u7814\u7a76\u5b83\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u6291\u83cc\u539f\u7406\u662f\u963b\u6b62\u7d30\u80de\u58c1\u7684\u5408\u6210\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7d30\u83cc\u6b7b\u4ea1\u3002\u9019\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u985e\u5c0d\u65bc\u7d30\u80de\u58c1\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u3001\u7d50\u69cb\u3001\u548c\u5408\u6210\u6b65\u9a5f\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5730\u52a0\u6df1\u52a0\u5ee3\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u7d30\u80de\u58c1\u7684\u5408\u6210\u6709\u66f4\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53c8\u80fd\u958b\u767c\u66f4\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u4ee5\u6cbb\u7642\u7d30\u83cc\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u76f8\u5f97\u76ca\u5f70\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u518d\u8209\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u7d30\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6(cytoskeleton)\u4ee5\u7dad\u6301\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5f62\u72c0\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9aa8\u67b6\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u8ecc\u9053\u300d\u4f86\u904b\u8f38\u5404\u7a2e\u80de\u5668\u3002\u5fae\u7ba1(microtubule)\u4fbf\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u9aa8\u67b6\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u54e1\uff0c\u5b83\u7531\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u842c\u500b\u5fae\u7ba1\u86cb\u767d(tubulin)\u5806\u758a\u800c\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u4e00\u4fbf\u662f\u5f62\u6210\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u7d21\u9318\u9ad4(spindle apparatus)\u3002\u85c9\u7531\u5fae\u7ba1\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u5206\u96e2\u548c\u805a\u5408\uff0c\u7d21\u9318\u7d72\u5f97\u4ee5\u7e2e\u77ed\u548c\u4f38\u9577\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u5728\u8b8a\u52d5\u7684\u5fae\u7ba1\u6703\u5c07\u8907\u88fd\u5f8c\u7684\u67d3\u8272\u9ad4\u62c9\u5411\u7d30\u80de\u5169\u5074\u4ee5\u5b8c\u6210\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\u3002\u7d2b\u6749\u9187(paclitaxel \/ taxol)\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u81ea\u592a\u5e73\u6d0b\u7d2b\u6749\u4e2d\u5206\u96e2\u800c\u5f97\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7269\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b93\u5df2\u7d93\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5fae\u7ba1\u66f4\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u8b93\u5fae\u7ba1\u50f5\u6301\u5728\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u9577\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u7d30\u80de\u7121\u6cd5\u9806\u5229\u5206\u88c2\u3002[3]\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u5929\u7136\u7269\u79cb\u6c34\u4ed9\u7d20(colchicine)\u540c\u6a23\u4e5f\u6703\u963b\u6b62\u7d30\u80de\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u6a5f\u5236\u662f\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff1b\u79cb\u6c34\u4ed9\u7d20\u8207\u5fae\u7ba1\u86cb\u767d\u7d50\u5408\u5f8c\uff0c\u6703\u8b93\u5fae\u7ba1\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u5806\u758a\u4e0d\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5fae\u7ba1\u9010\u6f38\u7e2e\u77ed\u3002[4]<\/p>\n<p>\u7d2b\u6749\u9187\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a69\u5b9a\u5fae\u7ba1\uff0c\u79cb\u6c34\u4ed9\u7d20\u5247\u6703\u7834\u58de\u5fae\u7ba1\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d93\u5e38\u85c9\u7531\u9019\u4e00\u5c0d\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u53cd\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7269\u4f86\u63a7\u5236\u5fae\u7ba1\u7684\u6d88\u9577\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u5fae\u7ba1\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u6216\u88fd\u9020\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u751f\u7269\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u7d2b\u6749\u9187\u548c\u79cb\u6c34\u4ed9\u7d20\u5404\u81ea\u4e5f\u90fd\u662f\u5e02\u9762\u4e0a\u6709\u8ca9\u552e\u7684\u85e5\u7269\uff0c\u7531\u6b64\u53ef\u77e5\u5929\u7136\u7269\u4e0d\u53ea\u5177\u6709\u85e5\u6548\uff0c\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u5c0d\u5f9e\u4e8b\u57fa\u790e\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e5f\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002\uff08\u5716\u4e09\uff09<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_36449\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-36449\" style=\"width: 901px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-36449\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/03-2.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"901\" height=\"466\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/03-2.jpg 901w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/03-2-300x155.jpg 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/04\/03-2-768x397.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 901px) 100vw, 901px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-36449\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u4e09\u3001\u7d2b\u6749\u9187\u548c\u79cb\u6c34\u4ed9\u7d20\u6709\u8457\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u4f5c\u7528\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u5fae\u7ba1\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u5c0d\u5229\u5668\u3002\u7d2b\u6749\u9187\u7684\u300c\u6a4b\u982d\u96d9\u9375\u300d\u5728\u5716\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7da0\u8272\u5713\u9ede\u5728\u5176\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u6a19\u793a\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u5316\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u7684\u64f4\u5c55<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u591a\u6578\u5929\u7136\u7269\u64c1\u6709\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u800c\u5206\u6790\u9019\u6a23\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u4e5f\u4f7f\u5f97\u5316\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u80fd\u5920\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5ef6\u4f38\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6a4b\u982d\u96d9\u9375(bridgehead double bond)\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u7684\u5f35\u529b\u975e\u5e38\u5927\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u74b0\u7684\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5920\u5927\u5426\u5247\u88ab\u8a8d\u70ba\u96e3\u4ee5\u7a69\u5b9a\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u5e03\u840a\u7279\u6cd5\u5247(Bredt\u2019s rule)\u3002[5]\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u7adf\u7136\u5728\u7d2b\u6749\u9187\u4e2d\u770b\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6a4b\u982d\u96d9\u9375\u7d50\u69cb\uff08\u6a4b\u982d\u96d9\u9375\u5728\u5716\u4e09\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7da0\u8272\u5713\u9ede\u6a19\u793a\uff09\uff01\u7d2b\u6749\u9187\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e5f\u6fc0\u8d77\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5c07\u9019\u500b\u5206\u5b50\u7576\u505a\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u4f01\u5716\u4ee5\u4eba\u5de5\u65b9\u5f0f\u5408\u6210\u7d2b\u6749\u9187\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u505a\u51fa\u4e0d\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u8907\u96dc\u7d50\u69cb\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6a4b\u982d\u96d9\u9375\uff09\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u958b\u767c\u65b0\u7684\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u7b56\u5283\u6bd4\u751f\u7269\u66f4\u7c21\u6f54\u7684\u5408\u6210\u8def\u5f91\u3002\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u500b\u6b65\u9a5f\u5408\u6210\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u5168\u5408\u6210(total synthesis)\uff0c\u662f\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e00\u652f\uff1b\u4ee5\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7d50\u69cb\u70ba\u5168\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6311\u6230\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u4ea6\u662f\u5c55\u793a\u65b0\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u65b0\u8def\u5f91\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u821e\u53f0\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #008080;\">\u25cf\u7e3d\u7d50<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5929\u7136\u7269\u5343\u8b8a\u842c\u5316\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u8b93\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u4e0d\u5b8c\u7684\u65b0\u8ab2\u984c\u548c\u65b0\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u5168\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6311\u6230\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u5929\u7136\u7269\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5728\u57fa\u790e\u7814\u7a76\u6216\u85e5\u7269\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u8209\u8db3\u8f15\u91cd\u7684\u5730\u4f4d\u3002\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5411\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff1b\u7814\u7a76\u5929\u7136\u7269\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u958b\u767c\u3001\u5408\u6210\u65b9\u6cd5\u6216\u8def\u5f91\u7684\u5275\u65b0\u3001\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u3001\u751f\u7269\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u9451\u5b9a\u7b49\u3002\u5e0c\u671b\u5728\u5f80\u5f8c\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\uff0c\u80fd\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5411\u8b80\u8005\u4e00\u4e00\u4ecb\u7d39\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Nathwani, D.; Wood, M. J. P A current review of their clinical pharmacology and therapeutic use. <em>Drugs <\/em><strong>1993<\/strong>, <em>45<\/em>, 866-894.<\/li>\n<li>Fernandes, R.; Amador, P.; Prud\u00eancio, C. \u03b2-Lactams: chemical structure, mode of action and mechanisms of resistance. <em> Med. Microbiol. <\/em><strong>2013<\/strong>, <em>24<\/em>, 7-17.<\/li>\n<li>Kingston, D. G. I. Taxol, a molecule for all seasons. <em> Commun.<\/em> <strong>2001<\/strong>, 867-880.<\/li>\n<li>Finkelstein Y. et al. Colchicine poisoning: the dark side of an ancient drug. <em> Toxicol.<\/em> <strong>2010<\/strong>, <em>48<\/em>, 407-414.<\/li>\n<li>Mak, J. Y. W.; Pouwer, R. H.; Williams, C. M. Natural products with anti-Bredt and bridgehead double bonds. <em> Chem. Int. 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