{"id":36411,"date":"2021-05-20T00:04:00","date_gmt":"2021-05-19T16:04:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36411"},"modified":"2023-06-06T09:25:52","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T01:25:52","slug":"%ef%bc%9c%e6%91%ba%e7%b4%99%e8%88%87%e6%95%b8%e5%ad%b8%e4%ba%a4%e8%9e%8d%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b%ef%bc%9e-%ef%bc%86-%ef%bc%9c%e6%91%ba%e5%87%ba%e6%9c%aa%e4%be%86%ef%bc%9e","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36411","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u3008\u647a\u7d19\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u4ea4\u878d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3009\uff06\u3008\u647a\u51fa\u672a\u4f86\u3009"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/_8gJq0aJRoY\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u3008\u647a\u7d19\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u4ea4\u878d\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3009<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u5c07\u647a\u7d19\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\uff0c\u662f 1893 \u5e74\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u6578\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\u6851\u9054\u62c9\u00b7\u9952\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u647a\u7d19\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u4ed6\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7d19\u5f35\u647a\u758a\u52d5\u4f5c\u51fa\u767c\uff0c\u958b\u62d3\u4e86\u8207\u6b50\u5e7e\u91cc\u5f97\u601d\u8def\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5e73\u9762\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u9032\u8def\u3002\u672c\u8b1b\u6b21\u4ecb\u7d39\u647a\u7d19\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u4ea4\u878d\u7684\u6709\u8da3\u767c\u5c55\u6b77\u53f2\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff1a\u674e\u570b\u5049\uff5c\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u6578\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u517c\u4efb\u7814\u7a76\u54e1<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u53f2\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e4f\u4ee5\u647a\u7d19\u9ad4\u73fe\u6578\u5b78\u539f\u7406\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5df4\u65af\u5361 (Blaise Pascal) \u5c31\u66fe\u7d93\u4ee5\u985e\u4f3c\u647a\u7d19\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c55\u793a\u4e09\u89d2\u5f62\u5167\u89d2\u548c\u7b49\u65bc\u5169\u500b\u76f4\u89d2\uff0c\u83ab\u6bd4\u70cf\u65af (August Ferdinand M\u00f6bius) \u4e5f\u66fe\u7d93\u4ee5\u647a\u7d19\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u300c\u9762\u300d\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6578\u5b78\u53f2\u4f73\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u647a\u7d19\u9032\u884c\u64cd\u4f5c\u6027\u5e7e\u4f55\u5c55\u6f14\u7684\u958b\u5c71\u7956\u5e2b\uff0c\u7576\u6578\u8d6b\u66fc\u30fb\u7dad\u7d0d (Hermann Wiener) \u4ee5\u53ca\u6851\u9054\u62c9\u30fb\u9952 (Sundara Row) \uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5169\u4f4d\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5728\u897f\u65b9\u8207\u6771\u65b9\u767c\u63da\u647a\u7d19\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u61c9\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1870 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u754c\uff0c\u8208\u8d77\u4e86\u7528\u77f3\u818f\u88fd\u4f5c\u6578\u5b78\u6a21\u578b\u8996\u89ba\u6559\u5177\u7684\u98a8\u6f6e\uff0c\u8d6b\u66fc\u30fb\u7dad\u7d0d\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u8001\u7238\uff0c\u5c31\u66fe\u7d93\u88fd\u4f5c\u904e\u5404\u7a2e\u6578\u5b78\u66f2\u9762\u7684\u77f3\u818f\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u5728\u502b\u6566\u3001\u6155\u5c3c\u9ed1\u3001\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u7b49\u57ce\u5e02\u5c55\u89bd\u3002\u5f9e\u5c0f\u8033\u6fe1\u76ee\u67d3\u7684\u7dad\u7d0d\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u88fd\u4f5c\u6578\u5b78\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u4ed6\u7528\u7684\u7d20\u6750\u662f\u7d19\u689d\uff0c\u4ed6\u66fe\u7d93\u793a\u7bc4\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u5c3a\u898f\u8f14\u52a9\u4e0b\uff0c\u5149\u9760\u6dfb\u52a0\u8207\u9ecf\u8cbc\u7d19\u689d\uff0c\u5c31\u88fd\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e94\u500b\u67cf\u62c9\u5716\u7acb\u9ad4\u3002\u7dad\u7d0d\u7684\u647a\u6cd5\u9700\u8981\u624b\u5de5\u6280\u5de7\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u73fe\u4ee3\u647a\u7d19\u90a3\u6a23\u53ea\u9760\u647a\u75d5\u4f86\u6298\u758a\uff1b\u6b64\u5916\u4ed6\u96d6\u7136\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u7236\u89aa\u555f\u8fea\u800c\u52d5\u624b\u88fd\u4f5c\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u537b\u4e3b\u5f35\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u8981\u5fb9\u5e95\u4f9d\u64da\u516c\u7406\u6cd5\u4f86\u767c\u5c55\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\u7b2c\u4e00\u672c\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c07\u647a\u7d19\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u7d50\u5408\u7684\u66f8\u7c4d\uff0c\u537b\u662f\u5728 1893 \u5e74\uff0c\u7531\u5370\u5ea6\u6578\u5b78\u6559\u5e2b\u6851\u9054\u62c9\u30fb\u9952\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u300a\u647a\u7d19\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u5176\u5167\u5bb9\u8c50\u5bcc\u5b8c\u6574\uff0c\u9060\u8d85\u904e\u647a\u7d19\u7ae5\u73a9\u7684\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u672c\u56b4\u8b39\u6b63\u7d93\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u8457\u4f5c\u3002\u9952\u64b0\u5beb\u9019\u672c\u66f8\u7684\u52d5\u6a5f\uff0c\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u5fb7\u570b\u5e7c\u7a1a\u5712\u4e4b\u7236\u798f\u797f\u8c9d\u723e (Friedrich Fr\u00f6bel) \uff0c\u4ee5\u6559\u5177\u8207\u4f5c\u696d\u6559\u80b2\u5e7c\u5152\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\uff1b\u81f3\u65bc\u9078\u64c7\u647a\u7d19\u4f86\u8655\u7406\u5e73\u9762\u5716\u5f62\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u540c\u6a23\u53eb\u505a\u9952 (B. Hanumanta Row) \u7684\u5370\u5ea6\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u5c0d\u65bc\u9952\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u647a\u7d19\u662f\u4e00\u9805\u6539\u826f\u5e7e\u4f55\u6559\u5b78\u5f88\u597d\u7528\u7684\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9952\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u60f3\u8981\u6539\u826f\u5e7e\u4f55\u6559\u5b78\uff0c\u6709\u5176\u6642\u7a7a\u80cc\u666f\u3002\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u8449\u975e\u6b50\u5e7e\u4f55\u8a95\u751f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e6f\u746a\u65af\u00b7\u8d6b\u80e5\u9ece (Thomas Henry Huxley) \u70ba\u9996\u7684\u4e00\u6279\u77e5\u8b58\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u4e3b\u5f35\u6559\u80b2\u61c9\u8a72\u8457\u91cd\u65bc\u63a2\u7a76\u6b78\u7d0d\u6cd5\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5c08\u6ce8\u65bc\u5c0b\u6c42\u7d55\u5c0d\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u771f\u7406\uff0c\u6578\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\u4e5f\u61c9\u8a72\u5f80\u9019\u500b\u67b6\u69cb\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u63da\u68c4\u4ee5\u6b50\u6c0f\u5e7e\u4f55\u70ba\u572d\u81ec\u7684\u820a\u50b3\u7d71\u3002\u9019\u80a1\u5e7e\u4f55\u6559\u5b78\u300c\u6539\u826f\u300d\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u53d7\u5230\u4ee5\u7b1b\u6469\u6839 (Augustus De Morgan) \u70ba\u9996\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f37\u70c8\u53cd\u5c0d\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5805\u4fe1\u6b50\u6c0f\u5e7e\u4f55\u7684\u56b4\u8b39\u908f\u8f2f\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u662f\u6559\u80b2\u5b78\u5b50\u6e05\u6670\u601d\u60f3\u7684\u6b63\u8ecc\uff1b\u517c\u4e4b\u7576\u6642\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u516c\u52d9\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u8003\u8a66\u5236\u5ea6\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u725b\u6d25\u3001\u528d\u6a4b\u7b49\u5927\u5b78\u540d\u6821\u7684\u8003\u8a66\uff0c\u7686\u4f9d\u7136\u4ee5\u6b50\u6c0f\u5e7e\u4f55\u70ba\u4f9d\u6b78\uff0c\u975e\u6b50\u5e7e\u4f55\u6559\u5b78\u4e26\u672a\u771f\u6b63\u6253\u5165\u9ad4\u5236\u5167\uff0c\u50c5\u51fa\u7248\u4e86\u4e00\u672c\u53c3\u8003\u7528\u7684\u8ab2\u7db1\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9952\u64b0\u5beb\u9019\u672c\u300a\u647a\u7d19\u5e7e\u4f55\u5b78\u300b\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5c0d\u65bc\u6578\u5b78\u5be6\u7528\u6027\u7684\u91cd\u8996\u751a\u65bc\u7d14\u7cb9\u908f\u8f2f\u63a8\u7406\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u4ee5\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u647a\u7d19\u52d5\u4f5c\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u69cb\u8907\u96dc\u5e7e\u4f55\u5f62\u5f0f\u7684\u505a\u6cd5\uff0c\u555f\u767c\u4e86\u5f8c\u4eba\u628a\u647a\u7d19\u52d5\u4f5c\u516c\u7406\u5316\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u647a\u7d19\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u56e0\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u8207\u7d44\u5408\u6578\u5b78\u3001\u5716\u8ad6\u3001\u751a\u81f3\u6f14\u7b97\u6cd5\u7b49\u7b49\u9818\u57df\u76f8\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u5c55\u6f14\u8907\u96dc\u6578\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u7684\u76f4\u89ba\u5de5\u5177\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u3008\u647a\u51fa\u672a\u4f86\u3009<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u539f\u672c\u662f\u7ae5\u73a9\u7684\u647a\u7d19\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u65e5\u672c\u5409\u6fa4\u7ae0\u9769\u547d\u6027\u7684\u6539\u826f\u5f8c\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u517c\u5177\u8da3\u5473\u8207\u7f8e\u611f\u7684\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\u3002\u800c\u647a\u7d19\u9032\u5c55\u5230 1990 \u5e74\u4ee3\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u6298\u758a\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u6cd5\u5247\uff0c\u518d\u8f14\u4ee5\u96fb\u8166\u79d1\u5b78\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u8b93\u647a\u7d19\u4e0d\u518d\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u7d19\u5f35\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u5728\u5404\u9818\u57df\u5927\u653e\u7570\u5f69\u3002\u672c\u8b1b\u6b21\u4ecb\u7d39\u5f9e\u647a\u7d19\u51fa\u767c\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u79d1\u6280\u8207\u5de5\u85dd\u61c9\u7528\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e2d\u611f\u53d7\u647a\u7d19\u65bc\u672a\u4f86\u4e0d\u53ef\u9650\u91cf\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff1a\u56b4\u5fd7\u5f18\uff5c\u5609\u7fa9\u5927\u5b78\u61c9\u7528\u6578\u5b78\u7cfb\u526f\u6559\u6388<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e18\u6210\u6850\u8aaa\u904e\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5c0d\u81ea\u7136\u754c\u4f5c\u6df1\u5165\u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5c0b\u627e\u6578\u5b78\u554f\u984c\u89e3\u7b54\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u78b0\u5230\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u548c\u89c0\u5ff5\uff0c\u771f\u548c\u7f8e\u537b\u662f\u59cb\u7d42\u5982\u4e00\u7684\u3002\u767c\u73fe\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u771f\u548c\u7f8e\uff0c\u662f\u505a\u5b78\u554f\u7684\u7d42\u6975\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u300d\u8aa0\u7136\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u73fe\u4ee3\u5efa\u7bc9\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u66f2\u9762\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e0a\uff0c\u770b\u5230\u6578\u5b78\u4ee5\u7f8e\u8f2a\u7f8e\u5950\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u5c55\u6f14\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u7576\u4ee3\u5efa\u7bc9\u5927\u5e2b\u672d\u54c8\u00b7\u54c8\u8482 (Zaha Hadid) \u5c31\u662f\u6578\u5b78\u7cfb\u51fa\u8eab\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u6210\u70ba\u6700\u5049\u5927\u7684\u89e3\u69cb\u4e3b\u7fa9\u5efa\u7bc9\u5e2b\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u4e0d\u8b1b\u66f2\u9762\u5982\u6b64\u524d\u885b\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u5916\u89c0\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u7528\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u591a\u9762\u9ad4\u69cb\u9020\uff0c\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u5448\u73fe\u51fa\u8a31\u591a\u76f4\u89c0\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u7f8e\u611f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u647a\u7d19\u4e5f\u662f\u5448\u73fe\u5e7e\u4f55\u7f8e\u611f\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u7d19\u5f35\u65e2\u65b9\u4fbf\u53c8\u6613\u65bc\u53d6\u5f97\uff0c\u96a8\u6642\u96a8\u5730\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u63ee\u5275\u610f\uff0c\u53ef\u85c9\u7531\u89aa\u81ea\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u624b\u8166\u4e26\u7528\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u9ad4\u6703\u611f\u53d7\u6578\u5b78\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u9010\u6f38\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u5e7e\u4f55\u6559\u5b78\u65b9\u5f0f\u3002\u300c\u751f\u4e4b\u4e16\u754c\u300d\u8207\u300c\u7d19\u4e0a\u5947\u8e5f\u300d\u662f\u53f0\u7063\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u6240\u8209\u8fa6\u5169\u6b21\u5927\u578b\u7684\u647a\u7d19\u85dd\u8853\u5c55\u89bd\uff0c\u53ef\u770b\u5230\u5404\u7a2e\u4ee4\u4eba\u9a5a\u5606\u7684\u647a\u7d19\u85dd\u8853\u54c1\uff1b 2020 \u5e74\u5e95\u65bc\u570b\u7acb\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78\u535a\u7269\u9928\u8209\u8fa6\u7684\u300c\u73a9\u85dd\u6578\u300d\u6559\u80b2\u7cfb\u5217\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u4ee5 3D 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