{"id":36410,"date":"2021-05-12T00:03:57","date_gmt":"2021-05-11T16:03:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36410"},"modified":"2023-06-06T09:35:17","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T01:35:17","slug":"%ef%bc%9c%e8%88%87%e8%ab%be%e8%b2%9d%e7%88%be%e7%8d%8e%e6%93%a6%e8%ba%ab%e8%80%8c%e9%81%8e%e7%9a%84%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%ad%b8%e5%ae%b6%e5%80%91%ef%bc%9e-%ef%bc%9c%e7%99%be%e5%b9%b4%e4%bd%95","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36410","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u3008\u8207\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u64e6\u8eab\u800c\u904e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u3009&#038;\u3008\u767e\u5e74\u4f55\u77ed\u77ed\u4e4b\u6842\u51a0\u907a\u73e0\u3009"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe title=\"YouTube video player\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Um_CwAxtRtY\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u3008<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u8207\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u64e6\u8eab\u800c\u904e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u3009<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u88ab\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u63d0\u540d\uff0c\u537b\u8207\u5f97\u734e\u7de3\u6173\u4e00\u9762\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u6240\u5728\u591a\u6709\uff0c\u672c\u8b1b\u6b21\u70ba\u807d\u773e\u4ecb\u7d39\u9019\u4e9b\u300c\u540d\u843d\u5b6b\u5c71\u300d\u7684\u5091\u51fa\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff1a\u9ad8\u5d07\u6587\u200b\uff5c\u4e2d\u539f\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\u6559\u6388<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8aaa\u8d77\u300c\u88ab\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u4e1f\u5305\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\uff0c\u6700\u6709\u540d\u7684\u61c9\u8a72\u7b97\u662f\u9769\u62c9\u8d6b (Walther Gerlach) \u4e86\u3002\u9769\u62c9\u8d6b\u8207\u65af\u7279\u6069 (Otto Stern) \u5408\u4f5c\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u8457\u540d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u89d2\u52d5\u91cf\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4ed6\u88ab\u63d0\u540d\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u9054\u5230 30 \u6b21\u4e4b\u591a\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7d55\u5927\u591a\u6578\u90fd\u662f\u8ddf\u65af\u7279\u6069\u4e00\u8d77\u88ab\u63d0\u540d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7576\u65af\u7279\u6069\u5728 1944 \u5e74\u7d42\u65bc\u7372\u734e\u6642\uff0c\u9769\u62c9\u8d6b\u537b\u53ea\u80fd\u4e7e\u77aa\u773c\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u9769\u62c9\u8d6b\u624d\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u64cd\u76e4\u8005\uff0c\u65af\u7279\u6069\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5b8c\u6210\u524d\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u96e2\u958b\u6cd5\u862d\u514b\u798f\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u5f97\u4e0d\u591a\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5728 1933 \u5e74\u4fbf\u79fb\u5c45\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u65af\u7279\u6069\uff0c\u653f\u6cbb\u6b63\u78ba\u986f\u7136\u9060\u52dd\u904e\u70ba\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u9769\u62c9\u8d6b\uff0c\u65af\u7279\u6069\u5c0d\u65bc\u7576\u5e74\u9019\u9805\u5177\u6709\u91cd\u5927\u610f\u7fa9\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4e5f\u5f88\u6280\u8853\u6027\u5730\u8f15\u63cf\u6de1\u5beb\uff0c\u9769\u62c9\u8d6b\u5c31\u9019\u9ebc\u88ab\u4e1f\u5305\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9769\u672b (Lester Germer) \u662f\u91cf\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u9818\u57df\u53e6\u4e00\u4f4d\u88ab\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u4e1f\u5305\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u8207\u6234\u7dad\u68ee (Clinton Davisson) \u5171\u540c\u767c\u73fe\u96fb\u5b50\u7e5e\u5c04\u73fe\u8c61\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u7576\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u5728 1937 \u5e74\u7372\u9812\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u6642\uff0c\u8ddf\u4ed6\u5171\u540c\u7372\u734e\u7684\u537b\u662f\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u7368\u7acb\u767c\u73fe\u96fb\u5b50\u7e5e\u5c04\u73fe\u8c61\u7684\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee (George Thomson) \uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u8ddf\u4ed6\u4e00\u8d77\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u9769\u672b\u3002\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u7b97\u662f\u9769\u672b\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u8001\u95c6\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u9019\u53c8\u662f\u300c\u5f92\u5f1f\u505a\u82e6\u5de5\uff0c\u529f\u52de\u6b78\u8001\u95c6\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u6848\u4f8b\u5427\uff01\u8ddf\u4ed6\u540c\u6a23\u627c\u8155\u7684\u9084\u6709\u7c92\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u9818\u57df\u7684\u5167\u5fb7\u9081\u723e (Senth Henry Neddermeyer) \u3001\u5967\u57fa\u4e9e\u5229\u5c3c (Giuseppe Paolo Stanislao Occhialini) \u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u62c9\u7279 (Cesare Manseuto Giulio Latte) \u3002\u5167\u5fb7\u9081\u723e\u5728\u52a0\u5dde\u7406\u5de5\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5c31\u8b80\u6642\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u4e86\u767c\u73fe\u6b63\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f97\u734e\u7684\u537b\u53ea\u6709\u4ed6\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u6388\u5b89\u5fb7\u68ee (Carl D. Anderson) \uff1b\u5967\u57fa\u4e9e\u5229\u5c3c\u8207\u62c9\u7279\u8ddf\u82f1\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u9b91\u5a01\u723e (Cecil Frank Powell) \u5408\u4f5c\u767c\u73fe\u03c0\u4ecb\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u9b91\u5a01\u723e\u7368\u81ea\u5f97\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u66fc (Friedrich Wilheim Strassman) \u8207\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd (Otto Robert Frisch) \u5247\u662f\u6838\u5b50\u7269\u7406\u9818\u57df\u7684\u907a\u73e0\u3002\u65af\u7279\u62c9\u65af\u66fc\u8eab\u70ba\u54c8\u6069 (Otto Hahn) \u7684\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u662f\u767c\u73fe\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u64cd\u4f5c\u8005\uff1b\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd\u662f\u9577\u671f\u8ddf\u54c8\u6069\u5408\u4f5c\u7684\u9081\u7279\u7d0d (Lise Meitner) \u7684\u5916\u7525\uff0c\u8eab\u70ba\u7336\u592a\u4eba\u7684\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u88ab\u8feb\u96e2\u958b\u7d0d\u7cb9\u5fb7\u570b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8207\u54c8\u6069\u5c0f\u7d44\u5206\u5225\u767c\u8868\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4f46\u6700\u7d42\u537b\u53ea\u6709\u54c8\u6069\u7368\u81ea\u7372\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u7406\u61c9\u5f97\u734e\u537b\u88ab\u4e1f\u5305\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4ee5\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u5e7e\u4f4d\u8207\u7368\u7acb\u9032\u884c\u5f97\u734e\u7814\u7a76\u537b\u672a\u88ab\u9752\u775e\uff0c\u300c\u96d6\u6557\u7336\u69ae\u300d\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002\u767c\u73fe\u91cf\u5b50\u5947\u7570\u6027\u7684\u4f69\u65af (Abraham Pais) \uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u7d66\u723e\u66fc\u2014\u897f\u5cf6\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u897f\u5cf6\u548c\u5f65\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e2d\u91ce\u8463\u592b\uff0c\u947d\u7814\u516b\u91cd\u9053\u5c0d\u7a31\u6027\u7684\u5167\u66fc (Yuval Ne'eman) \uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5efa\u69cb\u5938\u514b\u6a21\u578b\u7684\u8328\u5a01\u683c (George Zweig) \uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5168\u90fd\u8f38\u7d66\u4e86 1969 \u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u7d66\u723e\u66fc (Murray Gell-Mann) \uff1b\u5728\u592a\u967d\u5167\u6838\u53cd\u61c9\u8ca2\u737b\u5353\u8457\u7684\u99ae\u30fb\u9b4f\u8328\u85a9\u514b (Carl Friedrich von Weizs\u00e4cker) \u4ee5\u53ca\u52a0\u83ab (George Gamow) \uff0c\u5247\u662f\u8f38\u7d66\u4e86 1967 \u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u8c9d\u7279 (Hans Albrecht Bethe) \u3002\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7121\u7591\u662f\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u7684\u6700\u9ad8\u6b8a\u69ae\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u907a\u73e0\u4e4b\u61be\u591a\u4e0d\u52dd\u6578\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u6210\u5c31\u4e0d\u61c9\u88ab\u57cb\u6c92\u5728\u88ab\u63d0\u540d\u8005\u7684\u540d\u55ae\u4e4b\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #993300;\">\u3008\u767e\u5e74\u4f55\u77ed\u77ed\u4e4b\u6842\u51a0\u907a\u73e0\u3009<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u767e\u9918\u5e74\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u6842\u51a0\u83ab\u4e0d\u4ee5\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u70ba\u9996\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5404\u7a2e\u539f\u56e0\u672a\u80fd\u4e0a\u699c\u7684\u907a\u73e0\u4e4b\u61be\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u6240\u5728\u591a\u6709\u3002\u672c\u8b1b\u6b21\u70ba\u807d\u773e\u4ecb\u7d39\u5c0d\u8fd1\u4ee3\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u8ca2\u737b\u5353\u8457\uff0c\u537b\u6c92\u4e0a\u699c\u7684\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ecb\u7d39\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8efc\u4e8b\u548c\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u5f4c\u88dc\u7f3a\u61be\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff1a\u66fe\u8000\u5bf0\u200b\uff5c\u4e2d\u592e\u7814\u7a76\u9662\u5929\u6587\u53ca\u5929\u6587\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u7814\u7a76\u526f\u6280\u5e2b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u6709\u7269\u7406\u3001\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u751f\u91ab\u3001\u6587\u5b78\u3001\u548c\u5e73\u4e94\u500b\u734e\u9805\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u53c8\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e86\u7d93\u6fdf\u734e\u3002\u9019\u88e1\u9762\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6c92\u6709\u5929\u6587\u734e\uff1f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5929\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u8207\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u8ddd\u96e2\u592a\u904e\u9059\u9060\uff0c\u611f\u89ba\u597d\u50cf\u6c92\u6709\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u5be6\u8cea\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u518d\u52a0\u4e0a\u5728\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u8a2d\u7acb\u4e4b\u521d\uff0c\u5929\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u6b20\u7f3a\u7406\u8ad6\u6027\uff0c\u50c5\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u89c0\u6e2c\u800c\u7121\u6cd5\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u5011\u611f\u89ba\u5176\u79d1\u5b78\u6027\u4e0d\u8db3\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\u6b77\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u7814\u7a76\u5167\u5bb9\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e4f\u8207\u5929\u6587\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u5c31\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fc3\u6210\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u537b\u672a\u80fd\u7372\u734e\u7684\u907a\u73e0\u4e4b\u61be\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u6cd5\u570b\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e5f\u958b\u59cb\u5f80\u8457\u91cd\u7269\u7406\u6a21\u578b\u8207\u6578\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u767c\u5c55\uff1b\u900f\u904e\u5149\u8b5c\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u8ddd\u96e2\u6211\u5011\u591a\u9ebc\u9059\u9060\u7684\u661f\u9ad4\uff0c\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u3002\u7136\u800c\u7814\u7a76\u5149\u8b5c\u9700\u8981\u6975\u70ba\u9f90\u5927\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u91cf\uff0c\u54c8\u4f5b\u5929\u6587\u53f0\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u9996\u5ea6\u52df\u96c6\u4e86\u4e00\u6279\u5973\u6027\u8a08\u7b97\u54e1\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u5982\u4eca\u4ee5\u96fb\u8166\u57f7\u884c\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u5de5\u4f5c\uff1b\u9019\u4e9b\u8a08\u7b97\u7e41\u8907\u9f90\u96dc\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u5b55\u80b2\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4fee\u884c\u5834\uff0c\u574e\u8fb2 (Annie Jump Cannon) \u8207\u52d2\u7dad\u7279 (Henrietta Swan Leavitt) \u4fbf\u662f\u5f9e\u4e2d\u812b\u7a4e\u800c\u51fa\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u7814\u7a76\u6046\u661f\u5149\u8b5c\u5206\u985e\u4ee5\u53ca\u9020\u7236\u8b8a\u661f\u7684\u5148\u9a45\u3002\u5979\u5011\u5169\u4f4d\u53ef\u8aaa\u662f\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u6842\u51a0\u907a\u73e0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u70ba\u5973\u6027\u7684\u4f2f\u5948\u723e (Jocelyn Bell Burnell) \u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u9846\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u6842\u51a0\u907a\u73e0\uff0c\u5979\u5c0d\u65bc\u8108\u885d\u661f\u7684\u89c0\u6e2c\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u8b93\u5979\u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u6388\u4f11\u4f0a\u4ec0 (Antony Hewish) \u5728 1974 \u5e74\u7372\u9812\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u3002\u54c8\u4f2f (Edwin Hubble) \u8207\u970d\u4f0a\u723e (Fred Hoyle) \u7684\u5927\u9739\u9742\u5b78\u8aaa\u4ee5\u53ca\u5b87\u5b99\u5143\u7d20\u8d77\u6e90\u8ad6\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u798f\u52d2 (William Fowler) \u5728 1983 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