{"id":36193,"date":"2021-04-14T00:51:43","date_gmt":"2021-04-13T16:51:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36193"},"modified":"2023-06-06T09:54:06","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T01:54:06","slug":"%ef%bc%9c%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e5%af%a6%e9%a9%97%e6%9c%89%e5%ae%83%e8%87%aa%e5%b7%b1%e7%9a%84%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%ef%bc%9e-%ef%bc%9c%e6%ad%b7%e5%8f%b2%e5%ad%b8%e5%ae%b6%e7%82%ba%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36193","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u3008\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d!?\u3009&#038;\u3008\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u505a\u5be6\u9a57\uff1f\u3009"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/e9BoFaIjj74\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u3008\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d!?\u3009<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u904e\u53bb\u5f88\u9577\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u662f\u8ddf\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u5f8c\u9762\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u8981\u8b49\u5be6\u6216\u5426\u8b49\u7406\u8ad6\u800c\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u5c31\u9023\u5b54\u6069\u7684\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u4f5c\u54c1\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u9769\u547d\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u300b\uff0c\u4e5f\u662f\u53d7\u5230\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u770b\u5f85\u3002\u7136\u800c\u54c8\u91d1 (Ian Hacking) \u5728 1983 \u5e74\u51fa\u7248\u300a\u8868\u5fb5\u8207\u5e72\u9810\u300b (Representing and Intervening) \u4e00\u66f8\uff0c\u958b\u5275\u4e86\u5be6\u9a57\u54f2\u5b78\uff0c\u5ba3\u7a31\u300c\u5be6\u9a57\u6709\u5b83\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\u300d\uff0c\u8b93\u5be6\u9a57\u54f2\u5b78\u8df3\u812b\u79d1\u5b78\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u67b6\u69cb\u3002\u672c\u8b1b\u6b21\u4ee5\u300c\u5be6\u9a57\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u91cd\u8907\uff1f\u300d\u7684\u547d\u984c\u70ba\u51fa\u767c\u9ede\uff0c\u63a2\u8a0e\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u5be6\u9a57\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8108\u7d61\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff1a\u5085\u5927\u70ba\uff5c\u967d\u660e\u5927\u5b78\u79d1\u6280\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u69ae\u8b7d\u6559\u6388<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u91d1\u4ee5\u9081\u514b\u751f\uff0d\u83ab\u96f7\u5be6\u9a57\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u95e1\u8ff0\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\u3002\u9081\u514b\u751f (Albert Michelson)\u5728 1881 \u5e74\u767c\u660e\u4e86\u5e72\u6d89\u5100\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5728 1887 \u5e74\u8207\u83ab\u96f7 (Edward Morley) \u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ee5\u5e72\u6d89\u5100\u9a57\u8b49\u300c\u4ee5\u592a\u300d\u662f\u5426\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u76ee\u7684\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u4e0d\u662f\u8981\u8b49\u5be6\u7279\u6b8a\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u6216\u662f\u50cf\u5dee\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u5c31\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u9a57\u8b49\u4ee5\u592a\u98a8\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6e2c\u91cf\u5730\u7403\u7684\u79fb\u52d5\u901f\u5ea6\u55ce\uff1f\u4f0a\u6069\u8a8d\u70ba\u63a2\u7d22\u5e72\u6d89\u5100\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u5be6\u9a57\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u6bd4\u8d77\u53bb\u9a57\u8b49\u67d0\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u66f4\u52a0\u8b93\u9081\u514b\u751f\u8208\u596e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u83ab\u96f7\u5c0d\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u6e2c\u91cf\u51fa\u5e72\u6d89\u689d\u7d0b\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u4e0d\u6eff\u610f\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u8207\u7c73\u52d2 (Dayton Miller) \u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5230\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u5c71\u5929\u6587\u53f0\u9032\u884c\u591a\u6b21\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u6e2c\u91cf\u51fa\u5e72\u6d89\u689d\u7d0b\u3002\u9081\u514b\u751f\u8207\u7c73\u52d2\u5c0d\u65bc\u5be6\u9a57\u662f\u5426\u61c9\u8a72\u5be6\u969b\u6e2c\u51fa\u5e72\u6d89\u689d\u7d0b\u610f\u898b\u76f8\u5de6\uff0c\u5728 1920 \u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\u5f7c\u6b64\u6709\u4e00\u756a\u6fc0\u70c8\u7684\u8ad6\u6230\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u7531\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u5df2\u9010\u6f38\u63a5\u53d7\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u6d3b\u5728\u5d84\u65b0\u7684\u7269\u7406\u4e16\u754c\u4e2d\uff0c\u7c73\u52d2\u9019\u756a\u300c\u5be6\u9a57\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u91cd\u8907\u9032\u884c\u4e26\u6539\u9032\u300d\u7684\u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u5f15\u8d77\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6ce2\u703e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u54c8\u91d1\u8a8d\u70ba\u300c\u5be6\u9a57\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u85c9\u7531\u91cd\u8907\u9032\u884c\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u6539\u9032\u5230\u80fd\u5920\u7522\u751f\u7a69\u5b9a\u7d50\u679c\u300d\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u662f\u8981\u9032\u884c\u5426\u8b49\uff0c\u4e0d\u7136\u6c92\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u4ed6\u4ee5\u611b\u4e01\u9813\u7235\u58eb\u7684\u65e5\u8755\u89c0\u6e2c\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u9a57\u8b49\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4e5f\u4e0d\u65b7\u6709\u4eba\u91cd\u8907\u65e5\u8755\u89c0\u5bdf\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u518d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u78ba\u8a8d\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u4f01\u5716\u6539\u5584\u89c0\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u5f97\u4e0d\u5230\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u91cd\u8996\u3002\u54c8\u91d1\u8a8d\u70ba\u53ea\u6709\u300c\u5168\u65b0\u4e14\u91cd\u8981\u300d\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u53d7\u5230\u8cea\u7591\u6642\uff0c\u624d\u9700\u8981\u4ee5\u91cd\u8907\u5be6\u9a57\u52a0\u4ee5\u9a57\u8b49\uff0c\u5018\u82e5\u7121\u6cd5\u91cd\u8907\u5176\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u9032\u884c\u91cd\u8907\u5be6\u9a57\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u5426\u8b49\u5c31\u6709\u5176\u610f\u7fa9\uff1b\u82e5\u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\u9032\u884c\u91cd\u8907\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5247\u6c92\u6709\u9019\u500b\u5fc5\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u67ef\u6797\u65af (Harry Collins) \u66f4\u4ee5\u97cb\u4f2f (Joseph Weber) \u65e9\u5728 1969 \u5e74\uff0c\u5c31\u5ba3\u7a31\u4ed6\u4ee5\u5929\u7dda\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\uff0c\u4f46\u5f8c\u4f86\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u6b21\u91cd\u8907\u5be6\u9a57\u52a0\u4ee5\u5426\u8b49\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u300c\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u7684\u5012\u9000\u300d (experimenter's regress) \u8ad6\u9ede\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u5df2\u7d93\u7d93\u904e\u591a\u6b21\u5426\u8b49\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5fc5\u8981\u3002\u7136\u800c\u5be6\u9a57\u5b78\u5bb6\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u5f9e\u672a\u653e\u68c4\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u5100\u63a8\u9673\u51fa\u65b0\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u8017\u8cbb\u5927\u91cf\u4eba\u529b\u7269\u529b\uff0c\u537b\u59cb\u7d42\u4e00\u7121\u6240\u7372\uff0c\u76f4\u5230 2016 \u5e74\u627e\u5230\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u662f\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u63a8\u5c0e\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5df2\u7d93\u5ee3\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u52a0\u4ee5\u8b49\u5be6\u3002\u5f8c\u7e8c\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0b\u627e\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\u6240\u9032\u884c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u4e0d\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u9a57\u8b49\u67d0\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u6709\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u50f9\u503c\uff1a\u4e26\u975e\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u7684\u91cd\u529b\u6ce2\uff0c\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u9ed1\u6d1e\u3001\u6697\u7269\u8cea\u3001\u661f\u7cfb\u6838\u5fc3\u3001\u8d85\u5927\u7269\u8cea\u7fa4\u4e92\u52d5\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u529b\u6709\u672a\u902e\u7684\u5929\u6587\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u67ef\u6797\u65af\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u5c0d\u6b64\u9032\u884c\u53cd\u7701\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5be6\u9a57\u6709\u5176\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u547d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4f9d\u5b58\u65bc\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u9644\u5c6c\u7522\u54c1\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u6c38\u9060\u90fd\u6709\u8a6e\u91cb\u7684\u5f48\u6027\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u6295\u5165\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5c31\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u8c50\u78a9\u7684\u5831\u916c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>\u3008\u6b77\u53f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8981\u505a\u5be6\u9a57\uff1f\u3009<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: 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