{"id":36047,"date":"2021-02-26T00:27:29","date_gmt":"2021-02-25T16:27:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36047"},"modified":"2021-02-22T14:57:40","modified_gmt":"2021-02-22T06:57:40","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%8f%b2%e4%b8%8a%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%8c%e6%9c%88%e3%80%911970-%e5%b9%b4-2-%e6%9c%88-6-%e6%97%a5%ef%bc%9a%e9%98%bf%e7%88%be%e7%93%a6%e7%91%9e%e8%8c%b2%ef%bc%88luis-alvarez","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=36047","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7269\u7406\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8c\u6708\u30111970 \u5e74 2 \u6708 6 \u65e5\uff1a\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\uff08Luis Alvarez\uff09\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e0a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\u548c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7684\u8ad6\u6587"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>1970 \u5e74 2 \u6708 6 \u65e5\uff1a\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\uff08Luis Alvarez\uff09\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u4e0a\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\u548c\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u7684\u8ad6\u6587<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\uff5c\u856d\u5982\u73c0\u3001\u694a\u4fe1\u7537\uff08\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\uff09<\/strong>\uff08\u8b6f\u81ea&nbsp;<em>APS News<\/em>\uff0c2019 \u5e74 2 \u6708\uff09<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_36062\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-36062\" style=\"width: 285px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-36062\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"285\" height=\"359\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20.png 300w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/01\/20-238x300.png 238w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 285px) 100vw, 285px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-36062\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wikimedia commons<br \/>1933\u5e74\uff0c\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u5eb7\u666e\u9813\uff08Arthur Compton\uff0c\u5de6\uff09\u548c\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u751f\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\uff08Luis Alvarez\uff09\u5728\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u7576\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u65bc 2017 \u5e74\u8b49\u5be6\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u4e00\u5ea7\u57c3\u53ca\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5167\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u96b1\u5bc6\u7684\u57cb\u846c\u5ba4\uff0c\u9019\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u65b9\u9762\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f 1960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u6240\u5f9e\u4e8b\u6b64\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u5dd4\u5cf0\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\uff08Luis Alvarez\uff09\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u60f3\u51fa\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\u4f86\u7e6a\u88fd\u5982\u5409\u85a9\u5927\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\uff08Great Pyramid of Giza\uff09\u9019\u6a23\u5bc6\u5be6\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1911 \u5e74\uff0c\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u820a\u91d1\u5c71\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\u548c\u7956\u7236\u90fd\u662f\u91ab\u751f\uff0c\u59d1\u59d1\u746a\u84d3\u723e\uff08Mabel\uff09\u5247\u662f\u85dd\u8853\u5bb6\u3002\u7576\u4ed6\u7236\u89aa\u5230\u6885\u5967\u8a3a\u6240\u91ab\u5b78\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff08Mayo Clinic\uff09\u7576\u91ab\u751f\u6642\uff0c\u5168\u5bb6\u642c\u5230\u660e\u5c3c\u8607\u9054\u5dde\uff0c\u5e74\u8f15\u7684\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u4e0a\u4e2d\u5b78\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4ed6\u8b80\u829d\u52a0\u54e5\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u65bc 1936 \u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u8b80\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u84cb\u9769\u8a08\u6578\u7ba1\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\u671b\u9060\u93e1\uff0c\u7528\u5b83\u4f86\u6e2c\u5b9a\u539f\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\u5e36\u6b63\u96fb\u8377\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u7684\u59ca\u59ca\u845b\u62c9\u8482\u65af\uff08Gladys\uff09\u662f\u52de\u502b\u65af\uff08Ernest Lawrence\uff0c1939 \u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\uff09\u7684\u79d8\u66f8\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5728\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u7372\u5f97\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u554f\u52de\u502b\u65af\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u662f\u5426\u6709\u8077\u7f3a\u3002\u52de\u502b\u65af\u8058\u7528\u4e86\u4ed6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u5c31\u52a0\u5165\u52a0\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u5206\u6821\uff0c\u53c3\u8207\u8ff4\u65cb\u52a0\u901f\u5668\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u4ed6\u8a2d\u8a08\u5be6\u9a57\u5075\u6e2c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u539f\u5b50\u6838\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u66fe\u88ab\u9810\u6e2c\u4f46\u5c1a\u672a\u88ab\u8b49\u5be6\u7684\u7279\u7a2e \u03b2 \u8870\u8b8a\u4e2d\u8edf X \u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u5075\u6e2c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u9ebb\u7701\u7406\u5de5\u5b78\u9662\u525b\u6210\u7acb\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u90a3\u88e1\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5fae\u6ce2\u96f7\u9054\u7684\u8ecd\u4e8b\u7528\u9014\u3002\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u53c3\u8207\u5e7e\u500b\u96f7\u9054\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6700\u77e5\u540d\u7684\u662f\u5730\u9762\u7ba1\u5236\u9032\u5834\uff08Ground Controlled Approach\uff0cGCA\uff09\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5b83\u4f7f\u7528\u96d9\u6975\u5929\u7dda\u4f86\u6539\u9032\u89e3\u6790\u5ea6\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u672a\u53d7\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u98db\u884c\u54e1\u5728\u8dd1\u9053\u8457\u9678\u6642\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u7d93\u7531\u5730\u9762\u822a\u7ba1\u4eba\u54e1\u4ee5 GCA \u7cfb\u7d71\u4f86\u5c0e\u822a\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u570b\u5bb6\u5230\u4e86 1980 \u5e74\u4ee3\u9084\u5728\u4f7f\u7528\u6b64\u5957\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002\u7576\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u65bc 1943 \u5e74\u590f\u5929\u5728\u82f1\u683c\u862d\u6e2c\u8a66 GCA \u7cfb\u7d71\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a8d\u8b58\u4e00\u4f4d\u7576\u6642\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u7687\u5bb6\u7a7a\u8ecd\u7576\u96f7\u9054\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u514b\u62c9\u514b\uff08Arthur C. Claarke\uff09\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6210\u4e86\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u597d\u53cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\uff0c\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u66fc\u54c8\u9813\u8a08\u5283\uff0c\u4ed6\u9996\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u8981\u627e\u51fa\u65b9\u6cd5\u770b\u770b\u5fb7\u570b\u4eba\u662f\u5426\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u904b\u884c\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u53cd\u61c9\u5668\u3002\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u5728\u98db\u6a5f\u4e0a\u88dd\u5099\u4e00\u5957\u53ef\u4ee5\u5075\u6e2c\u5230\u9019\u4e9b\u53cd\u61c9\u7210\u6703\u7522\u751f\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u6c23\u9ad4\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u800c\u5fb7\u570b\u7576\u6642\u4e26\u7121\u6838\u53cd\u61c9\u7210\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u4efb\u52d9\u4e26\u6c92\u627e\u5230\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u4f46\u6b64\u65b9\u6cd5\u5c0d\u65bc\u6230\u5f8c\u60c5\u5831\u7684\u6536\u96c6\u6975\u70ba\u6709\u7528\u3002\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u5728\u66fc\u54c8\u9813\u8a08\u5283\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u4efb\u52d9\u662f\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u5100\u5668\u4f86\u6e2c\u91cf\u5f9e\u539f\u5b50\u5f48\u7522\u751f\u7684\u9707\u6ce2\u5f37\u5ea6\u30021945 \u5e74\u4e09\u4e00\u6838\u8a66\u9a57\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u73fe\u5834\uff1b\u4ed6\u9084\u4f7f\u7528\u4ed6\u7684\u5100\u5668\u5728 B-29 \u8f5f\u70b8\u6a5f\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e2c\u91cf\u6295\u64f2\u5728\u65e5\u672c\u5ee3\u5cf6\u548c\u9577\u5d0e\u539f\u5b50\u5f48\u7684\u7206\u70b8\u80fd\u91cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6230\u5f8c\uff0c\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u5c07\u4ed6\u5728\u96f7\u9054\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5c08\u9577\u7528\u4f86\u6539\u9032\u7c92\u5b50\u52a0\u901f\u5668\uff0c\u4fc3\u6210\u4e86 1954 \u5e74\u8c9d\u4f10\u52a0\u901f\u5668\uff08Bevatron\uff09\u7684\u5efa\u9020\u3002\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u5728\u65bc\u6539\u9020\u6c23\u6ce1\u5ba4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a1\u7528\u6db2\u614b\u6c2b\uff0c\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7c92\u5b50\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u7684\u5f71\u50cf\u66f4\u70ba\u6e05\u6670\u3002\u4ed6\u65bc 1968 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\u5e74\u63d0\u8b70\u5229\u7528\u7df2\u5b50\uff08muon\uff09\u65b7\u5c64\u6383\u63cf\u4f86\u641c\u5c0b\u57c3\u53ca\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u5167\u4e4b\u524d\u672a\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u5bc6\u5ba4\u3002\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u548c\u4ed6\u8de8\u9818\u57df\u5718\u968a\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u8003\u53e4\u5b78\u5bb6\u653e\u7f6e\u706b\u82b1\u5ba4\u5728\u9f4a\u592b\u6797\uff08Chephren\uff09\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5ea7\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\u4e0b\u65b9\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5893\u5ba4\uff0c\u4ee5\u5075\u6e2c\u9032\u5165\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u6e2c\u91cf\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\u78b0\u89f8\u5893\u5ba4\u5805\u786c\u77f3\u584a\u7684\u504f\u659c\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7df2\u5b50\u6703\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u904e\u5893\u5ba4\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u5f71\u50cf\u5448\u73fe\u7a7a\u767d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1967 \u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u963f\u516d\u65e5\u6230\u722d\u77ed\u66ab\u7d42\u6b62\u6b64\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4f46\u6230\u5f8c\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u6062\u5fa9\uff0c\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u5718\u968a\u6301\u7e8c\u5169\u5e74\u6536\u96c6\u5b87\u5b99\u7dda\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u5728 1969 \u5e74\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5e74\u6703\u4e2d\uff0c\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u5831\u544a\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u6210\u529f\u52d8\u6e2c\u5927\u7d04 19 % \u7684\u91d1\u5b57\u5854\uff0c\u6c92\u767c\u73fe\u6709\u96b1\u85cf\u7684\u5893\u5ba4\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u540c\u50da\u4e5f\u65bc 1970 \u5e74 2 \u6708\u5c07\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u5728\u300a\u79d1\u5b78\u300b\uff08<em>Science<\/em>\uff09\u96dc\u8a8c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u8207\u751f\u4ff1\u4f86\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u6642\u5e38\u8b93\u4ed6\u5728\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5916\u4e5f\u80fd\u5c55\u9732\u9577\u624d\uff0c\u7576\u300a\u751f\u6d3b\u300b\u96dc\u8a8c\u65bc 1966 \u5e74\u520a\u767b\u7f8e\u570b\u7518\u8ffa\u8fea\u7e3d\u7d71\u88ab\u6697\u6bba\u7684\u7167\u7247\u6642\uff0c\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u5c31\u5c07\u4ed6\u5728\u5149\u5b78\u548c\u7167\u7247\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u9762\u7684\u5c08\u624d\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u90a3\u4e9b\u7167\u7247\u4e0a\u3002\u4ed6\u5728\u975e\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u6dfa\u986f\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u6982\u8ff0\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u4e0d\u540c\u65bc\u7576\u6642\u8a31\u591a\u5ee3\u70ba\u6d41\u50b3\u7684\u9670\u8b00\u7406\u8ad6\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u7518\u8ffa\u8fea\u982d\u5411\u5f8c\u7684\u90a3\u5f35\u5feb\u7167\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u5f9e\u5f8c\u65b9\u5c04\u64ca\u6240\u6703\u767c\u751f\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u4ed6\u6307\u51fa\u5e7e\u500b\u7f8e\u570b\u806f\u90a6\u8abf\u67e5\u5c40\u6240\u5206\u6790\u7684\u932f\u8aa4\u6216\u758f\u6f0f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u74e6\u723e\u7279\uff08Walter\uff09\u662f\u500b\u5730\u8cea\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c0d\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u4e2d\u90e8\u77f3\u7070\u5ca9\u5cfd\u8c37\u5730\u5c64\u7684\u9ecf\u571f\u8584\u5c64\u975e\u5e38\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u6050\u9f8d\u6ec5\u7d55\u4e4b\u5730\uff0c\u5c31\u5728\u767d\u580a\u7d00-\u53e4\u8fd1\u7d00\u754c\u7dda\u3002\u963f\u723e\u74e6\u745e\u8332\u7236\u5b50\u548c\u52de\u502b\u65af\u67cf\u514b\u840a\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u6838\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u65bc 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