{"id":35934,"date":"2021-01-12T00:16:30","date_gmt":"2021-01-11T16:16:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=35934"},"modified":"2023-06-06T10:13:40","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T02:13:40","slug":"%e5%a8%81%e7%91%aa%e6%96%87%e5%8c%96%e3%80%81%e9%87%8f%e5%ad%90%e8%ab%96%e3%80%81%e8%88%87%e7%a7%91%e5%ad%b8%e7%a4%be%e6%9c%83%e5%ad%b8%e7%9a%84%e8%88%88%e8%b5%b7-%e5%a4%b1%e6%a8%82%e5%9c%92","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=35934","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u3008\u5a01\u746a\u6587\u5316\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\u3001\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u3009&#038;\u3008\u5931\u6a02\u5712\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8003\u5bdf\u3009"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/WZl5a5FuASg\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u3008<\/strong><\/span><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u5a01\u746a\u6587\u5316\u3001\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\u3001\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u7684\u8208\u8d77\u3009<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\uff1c<a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=35581\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5b54\u6069\u8aa4\u89e3\u4e86STS<\/a>\uff1f\uff1e\u7684\u8b1b\u6b21\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u8ac7\u5230\u555f\u8fea\u4eba\u5011\u5c0d\u79d1\u5b78\u4e2d\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u9762\u5411\u91cd\u8996\u7684\u5b54\u6069\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u56e0\u4e4b\u800c\u8d77\u7684\u79d1\u6280\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76 (SSK\/STS) \uff0c\u662f\u500b\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u6b67\u9014\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u672c\u8b1b\u6b21\u5ef6\u7e8c\u524d\u6b21\u7684\u8108\u7d61\uff0c\u4ecb\u7d39\u5b54\u6069\u6700\u51fa\u540d\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u4e4b\u4e00\u4f5b\u66fc (Paul Forman) \u767c\u8868\u7684\u7d93\u5178\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u9f13\u52d5\u8d77\u5b54\u6069\u5c0d\u5176\u6df1\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u65b0\u8208\u5b78\u6d3e\u8207\u5b78\u9580 SSK\/STS \u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff1a\u5085\u5927\u70ba\uff5c\u967d\u660e\u5927\u5b78\u79d1\u6280\u8207\u793e\u6703\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u69ae\u8b7d\u6559\u6388<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4f5b\u66fc\u5728 1971 \u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u9019\u7bc7\u9577\u9054\u4e0a\u767e\u9801\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3008\u5a01\u746a\u6587\u5316\u3001\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6 (1918-1927) \u3009\uff08\u7c21\u7a31 WCQ \u8ad6\u6587\uff09\uff0c\u662f SSK \u65e9\u671f\u6700\u8457\u540d\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5167\u5bb9\u5728\u63a2\u8a0e\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u8eab\u8655\u65bc\u5c0d\u79d1\u5b78\u62b1\u6301\u6575\u610f\u7684\u5a01\u746a\u6587\u5316\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5728\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u4e0a\u52a0\u4ee5\u9069\u61c9\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u62cb\u68c4\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u8ad6\u6587\u5f9e\u4e00\u6230\u672b\u671f\u7684 1918 \u5e74\u8ac7\u8d77\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5145\u6eff\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u79d1\u5b78\u61c9\u8a72\u8207\u5de5\u696d\u53ca\u8ecd\u4e8b\u548c\u8ae7\u4e92\u52d5\uff0c\u9084\u60f3\u8457\u6230\u52dd\u5f8c\u8981\u722d\u53d6\u5927\u7b46\u7684\u79d1\u7814\u7d93\u8cbb\uff1b\u8c48\u6599\u7576\u5e74\u79cb\u5929\u5fb7\u570b\u7a81\u7136\u6230\u6557\uff0c\u85dd\u6587\u754c\u8207\u54f2\u5b78\u5bb6\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u79d1\u6280\u6d6e\u73fe\u8af8\u591a\u6279\u8a55\uff0c\u91dd\u782d\u904e\u5ea6\u7684\u7406\u6027\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u7269\u8cea\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u5f37\u8abf\u767c\u63da\u975e\u7406\u6027\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6279\u8a55\u4ee5\u65af\u8cd3\u683c\u52d2\u7684\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u897f\u65b9\u7684\u6c92\u843d\u300b\u70ba\u4ee3\u8868\uff0c\u4ed6\u628a\u79d1\u5b78\u7d0d\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6587\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u79d1\u5b78\u4e5f\u8ddf\u5176\u4ed6\u773e\u591a\u7684\u6587\u5316\u73fe\u8c61\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u751f\u8001\u75c5\u6b7b\u7684\u751f\u547d\u5faa\u74b0\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u76f4\u7dda\u6027\u7684\u4e00\u8def\u9032\u6b65\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u70ba\u4e86\u56e0\u61c9\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u578b\u614b\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u4e5f\u9010\u6f38\u5f9e\u539f\u5148\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u70ba\u5de5\u696d\u8207\u6280\u8853\u767c\u5c55\u670d\u52d9\u7684\u5be6\u8b49\u4e3b\u7fa9\uff0c\u8f49\u63db\u5230\u7d14\u7cb9\u51fa\u65bc\u6c42\u77e5\u8207\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u53bb\u63a2\u7a76\u4e8b\u7269\u56e0\u679c\u7684\u4eba\u6587\u7cbe\u795e\u3002\u5b54\u6069\u8a8d\u70ba\u5a01\u746a\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\uff0c\u662f\u51fa\u65bc\u5371\u6a5f\u611f\u505a\u51fa\u9069\u61c9\u8abf\u6574\uff0c\u4f46\u6709\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u770b\u6cd5\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5167\u5fc3\u5176\u5be6\u5728\u300c\u6e34\u6c42\u5371\u6a5f\u300d\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u5920\u85c9\u6b64\u7a81\u7834\u6846\u9650\u5df2\u4e45\u7684\u7aa0\u81fc\uff1b\u9019\u9ede\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u90a3\u5e7e\u5e74\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u591a\u4ee5\u300c\u5371\u6a5f\u300d\u70ba\u984c\u7684\u6f6e\u6d41\u53ef\u898b\u4e00\u6591\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u8981\u9069\u61c9\u6291\u6216\u6e34\u6c42\u5371\u6a5f\uff0c\u5728 1919 \u5e74\u5230 1925 \u5e74\u9593\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u6539\u5b97\u76f8\u4fe1\u975e\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u4f5b\u66fc\u5728 WCQ \u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u5c07\u5176\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5927\u89ba\u9192\u300d\u3002\u4efb\u4f55\u8b8a\u9077\u6709\u300c\u65b0\u9ee8\u300d\u5c31\u6709\u300c\u820a\u9ee8\u300d\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u81ea\u7136\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u4e0d\u9858\u653e\u68c4\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5c31\u5f9e\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u7684\u5ee3\u7fa9\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ce2\u8033\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u8ad6\u52a0\u4ee5\u6df1\u5316\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u5c0b\u6c42\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u7a2e\u8d85\u8d8a\u6027\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6c92\u6709\u6210\u529f\u3002\u5728 1925 \u5e74\uff0c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u63d0\u51fa\u77e9\u9663\u529b\u5b78\uff0c\u6b63\u5f0f\u516c\u958b\u8981\u6c42\u653e\u68c4\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff1b\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u5247\u662f\u5728\u9694\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u6ce2\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\uff0c\u4f01\u5716\u633d\u56de\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002\u9019\u5834\u6b63\u9762\u5c0d\u6c7a\u7531\u6ce2\u6069\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u5c0d\u6ce2\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u8a6e\u91cb\uff0c\u6467\u6bc0\u4e86\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u820a\u9ee8\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u64da\u9ede\u4f5c\u7d50\uff0c\u5fb7\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u65bc\u662f\u8fc5\u901f\u5730\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u975e\u56e0\u679c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>WCQ \u8ad6\u6587\u5c0d\u5a01\u746a\u6587\u5316\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8207\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u4f5c\u51fa\u4e86\u793e\u6703\u5b78\u5f0f\u7684\u56e0\u679c\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u6fc0\u52f5\u4e86\u7576\u4ee3\u7684 STS \u5b78\u8005\u8de8\u8d8a\u300c\u907f\u514d\u78b0\u89f8\u79d1\u5b78\u300d\u7684\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u8ad6\u8ff0\u7684\u5178\u7bc4\uff1b\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u5c0d STS \u9817\u6709\u4fdd\u7559\u7684\u5b54\u6069\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\u4e5f\u6709\u8457\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8a55\u50f9\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e5f\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5a01\u746a\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u5df2\u7d93\u5728\u601d\u8003\u975e\u56e0\u679c\u6027\uff0c\u8207 1918 \u5e74\u5fb7\u570b\u6230\u6557\u7121\u751a\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8cea\u7591\u4e26\u7121\u640d\u65bc WCQ \u8ad6\u6587\u5283\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u50f9\u503c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u3008\u5931\u6a02\u5712\uff1a\u4e00\u500b\u5c0d\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u8003\u5bdf\u3009<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u4f5b\u66fc\u7684 WCQ \u8ad6\u6587\u8a8d\u70ba\u5a01\u746a\u5171\u548c\u6642\u671f\u7684\u5fb7\u570b\u5b78\u8853\u754c\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5b9a\u547d\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u53cd\u611f\uff0c\u5728\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u662f\u5426\u7ad9\u5f97\u4f4f\u8173\uff1f\u672c\u8b1b\u6b21\u56de\u9867\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u5f9e\u820a\u91cf\u5b50\u8ad6\u904e\u6e21\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5169\u7a2e\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7248\u672c\u5f7c\u6b64\u7684\u7af6\u722d\uff0c\u8003\u5bdf\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u60c5\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u653e\u68c4\u53e4\u5178\u7269\u7406\u7684\u5b9a\u547d\u6027\u6578\u5b78\u63cf\u8ff0\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff1a\u9ad8\u5d07\u6587\uff5c\u4e2d\u539f\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\u6559\u6388<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u5f9e\u725b\u9813\u51fa\u7248\u5de8\u8457\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u54f2\u5b78\u7684\u6578\u5b78\u539f\u7406\u300b\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u4e00\u76f4\u90fd\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u300c\u5b9a\u547d\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u300d (deterministic description) \u7684\u4f0a\u7538\u5712\u4e2d\u3002\u6240\u8b02\u5b9a\u547d\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u662f\u6307\u53ea\u8981\u7d66\u5b9a\u8d77\u59cb\u689d\u4ef6\u8207\u908a\u754c\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u900f\u904e\u4ee3\u8868\u7269\u7406\u5b9a\u5f8b\u7684\u4e00\u7d44\u5fae\u5206\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u8a08\u7b97\u51fa\u4efb\u4f55\u6642\u523b\u7684\u7269\u7406\u72c0\u614b\u3002\u5982\u6b64\u7f8e\u597d\u7684\u5fc5\u7136\u6027\u6a02\u5712\u4e00\u76f4\u7dad\u6301\u5230 1900 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\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u8d77\u521d\u8655\u7406\u7684\u662f\u5de8\u89c0\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u754c\u9084\u4e0d\u89ba\u5f97\u5b9a\u547d\u6027\u63cf\u8ff0\u7684\u67b6\u69cb\u53d7\u5230\u5a01\u8105\uff1b\u7136\u800c\u5230\u4e86 1913 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