{"id":35605,"date":"2020-09-01T00:20:36","date_gmt":"2020-08-31T16:20:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=35605"},"modified":"2020-08-27T14:39:22","modified_gmt":"2020-08-27T06:39:22","slug":"%e3%80%90%e9%97%9c%e6%96%bc-covid-19-%e7%9a%84%e9%80%99%e5%a4%a7%e5%8d%8a%e5%b9%b4%e3%80%91%e5%92%86%e5%95%8f%e7%96%ab%e5%be%9e%e4%bd%95%e8%99%95%e4%be%86","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=35605","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u95dc\u65bc COVID-19 \u7684\u9019\u5927\u534a\u5e74\u3011\u5486\u554f\u75ab\u5f9e\u4f55\u8655\u4f86"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"\u64b0\u6587\uff0f\u99f1\u5b9b\u7433<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6253\u5f9e\u75ab\u60c5\u4e00\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u95dc\u4e4e\u300c\u75ab\u60c5\u5f9e\u54ea\u4f86\u300d\u7684\u6d41\u8a00\u871a\u8a9e\u5c31\u6c92\u6709\u505c\u6b47\u904e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u5bb6 Adam Kucharski \u535a\u58eb\u4efb\u6559\u65bc London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine\uff0c\u5728\u65b0\u66f8 The Rules of Contagion <\/em>\u88e1\uff0c\u8a0e\u8ad6\u75be\u75c5\uff08\u751a\u81f3\u662f\u5047\u6d88\u606f\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u7206\u767c\uff0c\u53c8\u5982\u4f55\u7d42\u4e86\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u958b\u59cb\u5beb\u66f8\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u6b63\u503c\u8056\u8a95\u7bc0\uff1b\u6c92\u60f3\u5230\u65b0\u5e74\u4e00\u904e\uff0c\u9019\u51fa\u66f8\u7684\u8a08\u756b\uff0c\u5012\u662f\u8b93\u4eba\u82e6\u7b11\u4e0d\u5df2\u7684\u7121\u5de7\u4e0d\u6210\u7ae0\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u88e1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e8b\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u958b\u7aef\u5730\uff1b \u597d\u50cf\u6709\u4e86\u842c\u592b\u6240\u6307\u7684\u8cac\u5099\u5c0d\u8c61\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u958b\u9019\u6b21\u6a6b\u798d\uff0c\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5b89\u4fdd\u672a\u4f86\u7121\u6182\u4e86\u3002\u4f46\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u82e5\u9ede\u706b\u71ce\u539f\uff0c\u66f4\u4e0d\u662f\u6392\u6392\u7ad9\u7684\u9aa8\u724c\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u632a\u6389\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u679a\u9aa8\u724c\u3001\u4e0d\u8b93\u5b83\u50be\u5012\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u78ba\u4fdd\u5f8c\u982d\u9aa8\u724c\u7684\u5b89\u7136\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u300c\u901f\u5ea6\u300d\u6b63\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u662f\u75ab\u60c5\u767c\u5c55\u5728\u672a\u53d7\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\uff0c\u5e38\u4ee5\u6307\u6578\u578b\u751f\u9577\uff08exponential growth\uff09\u7684\u614b\u52e2\u8513\u5ef6\u3002\u6307\u6578\u578b\u589e\u9577\u6709\u591a\u6050\u6016\u5462\uff1f\u6211\u6700\u559c\u6b61\u7684\u5177\u8c61\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u662f Radiolab \u5728\u4e09\u6708\u5e95 Podcast \u88e1\u6240\u8209\u51fa\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u5982\u679c\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u767e\u842c\u5143\uff0c\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u662f\uff0c\u4eca\u5929\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u5206\u9322\uff08cent\uff1b\u4e5f\u53eb\u505a penny\uff09\uff0c\u660e\u5929\u7d66\u4f60\u5169\u5206\u9322\uff0c\u5f8c\u5929\u7d66\u4f60\u56db\u5206\u9322\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u6bcf\u5929\u7ffb\u500d\u5730\u7d66\u4f60\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u3002\u4f60\u6703\u9078\u64c7\u54ea\u4e00\u7a2e\u5462\uff1f \u5982\u679c\u4f60\u9078\u64c7\u5f8c\u8005\uff0c\u5230\u6708\u5e95\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5927\u6982\u6703\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5343\u842c\u5462\uff01\u53c8\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u63db\u4e00\u500b\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u4ee5 Podcast \u4e3b\u6301\u4eba\u4e09\u516c\u5c3a\u898b\u65b9\u7684\u5c0f\u5c0f\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6bcf\u5929\u90fd\u628a\u9019\u7a7a\u9593\u64f4\u589e\u4e00\u500d\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u500b\u534a\u6708\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4e0d\u65b7\u500d\u589e\u7684\u8fa6\u516c\u5ba4\u4f54\u5730\u9762\u7a4d\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6bd4\u5730\u7403\u8868\u9762\u9084\u5927\u3002\u4ee5\u6307\u6578\u578b\u901f\u5ea6\u8513\u5ef6\u7684\u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u7d55\u4e0d\u55ae\u55ae\u662f\u300c\u64f4\u6563\u5f88\u5feb\u300d\u80fd\u5920\u5f62\u5bb9\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u9632\u75ab\u8981\u5373\u65e9\u300d\u7684\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5728\u5c07\u8fd1\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u7684\u79bd\u6d41\u611f H5N1 \u8207 SARS \u75ab\u60c5\uff0c\u90fd\u6709\u826f\u597d\u6210\u6548\u3002\u5230 2009 \u5f8c\uff0c\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u66f4\u5df2\u662f\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u767c\u6642\u7684\u6a19\u6e96\u61c9\u5c0d\u6b65\u9a5f\u3002\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f 2012 \u5e74\u4e2d\u6771\u547c\u5438\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u30012013 \u5e74 H7N9 \u79bd\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u30012014 \u5e74\u4f0a\u6ce2\u62c9\u75c5\u6bd2\u3001\u6216\u662f 2015 \u5e74\u8332\u5361\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u795e\u901f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\u8207\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5206\u6790\uff0c\u90fd\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5728\u9632\u75ab\u4e0a\u4f54\u5f97\u5148\u6a5f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ef0\u4ed7\u8457\u57fa\u56e0\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u767c\u9054\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u767c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u4f9d\u820a\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u9a57\u660e\u4e86 COVID-19 \u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u59cb\u4f5c\u4fd1\u8005\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54\u4e5f\u5c07\u9019\u6b63\u8eab\uff0c\u6b63\u540d\u70baSARS-CoV-2 \u75c5\u6bd2\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u5f8c\u7e8c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5728\u5982\u4eca\u4e8b\u5f8c\u8af8\u845b\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8996\u89d2\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u76e1\u5982\u4eba\u9858\u3002<\/p>\n

SARS-CoV-2 \u96d6\u65b0\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u8eab\u5c6c\u7684\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u79d1\uff08Coronaviridae<\/em>\uff09\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u53f2\u4e0a\u53ef\u662f\u51fa\u6c92\u5df2\u4e45\u3002\u8207\u5176\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 1930 \u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u9664\u4e86SARS-CoV-2\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u81f4\u547d\u5730\u9084\u6709 SARS-CoV\uff08\u56b4\u91cd\u6025\u6027\u547c\u5438\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca MERS-CoV\uff08\u4e2d\u6771\u547c\u5438\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5728 2002 \u8207 2012 \u7684\u6642\u5019\u798d\u60a3\u65bc\u4e16\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u9084\u6709\u56db\u7a2e\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86 HKU1\u3001NL63\u3001OC43\u3001\u9084\u6709229E \uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u5e7e\u7a2e\u75c5\u6bd2\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c0f\u5496\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u5f8c\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u76f8\u8f03\u524d\u9762\u4e09\u7a2e\uff0c\u8981\u8f15\u5fae\u8a31\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u9a57\u660e SARS-CoV-2 \u6b63\u8eab\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u5c0d\u75c5\u6bd2\u5e8f\u5217\u7684\u5206\u6790\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u81ea\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c0d SARS-CoV-2 \u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u624b\u6bb5\u8207\u8eab\u5bb6\u5e95\u7d30\uff0c\u8a73\u52a0\u76e4\u67e5\u3002\u56db\u6708\u6642\uff0c\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u52a0\u5dde Scripps Research Institute \u5c08\u9580\u7814\u7a76\u5bbf\u4e3b\u8207\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e4b\u9593\u8907\u96dc\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684 Kristian Anderson \u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4fbf\u8207\u591a\u4f4d\u5c08\u5bb6\u4e00\u540c\u5728 Nature Medicine <\/em>\u4e0a\uff0c\u6982\u62ec\u5206\u6790\u4e86 SARS-CoV-2 \u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u5e8f\u5217\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u4e26\u5c0d\u611f\u67d3\u6e90\u982d\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u4e3b\u8981\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u7c21\u8981\u6574\u7406\u4e86\u4e00\u756a\u3002\u81ea\u6b64\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5982\u96e8\u5f8c\u6625\u7b4d\u822c\uff0c\u4e00\u7bc7\u63a5\u8457\u4e00\u7bc7\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u7bc7\u6a6b\u8de8\u7f8e\u570b\u3001\u6bd4\u5229\u6642\u3001\u8207\u82f1\u570b\u7b49\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u5728 Nature Microbiology <\/em>\u4e0a\u6240\u767c\u8868\u7684\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u66f4\u662f\u5099\u53d7\u77da\u76ee\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e00\u8d77\u4f86\u770b\u770b\uff0c\u81f3\u4eca\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d SARS-CoV-2 \u7684\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u5427\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u5148\u4f86\u770b\u770b\u9019\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u3002SARS-CoV-2 \u65e2\u7136\u8eab\u5c6c\u65bc\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u88e1\u7684\u4e00\u4efd\u5b50\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u5b83\u4e5f\u4e0d\u53ef\u514d\u4fd7\u5730\u6709\u8457\u5176\u4ed6\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e00\u822c\u7684\u7279\u8272\u3002\u9664\u4e86\u5916\u89c0\u50cf\u7687\u51a0\u800c\u5f97\u540d\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u5e36\u6709\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u689d\u9577\u9054 30 kb \u7684\u55ae\u80a1 RNA\uff0c\u662f\u5df2\u77e5 RNA \u75c5\u6bd2\u88e1\u6700\u70ba\u53ef\u89c0\u7684\u3002\u4e00\u822c\u6d41\u611f\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u7d04 14 kb \u5de6\u53f3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u7e8c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u767c\u73feSARS-CoV-2 \u6709\u5225\u65bc SARS-CoV\u3001\u6216\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u7368\u7279\u4e4b\u8655\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u8b93\u4eba\u54ac\u7259\u7684\u662f\uff0cSARS-CoV-2 \u5728\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u7279\u5225\u64c5\u65bc\u7d50\u5408\u4e0a\u4eba\u985e\u7d30\u80de\u53d7\u5668 ACE2\u3002\u518d\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u75c5\u6bd2\u8868\u9762\u7684\u68d8\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\uff08spike protein\uff09\u5e8f\u5217\u88e1\uff0c\u591a\u5d4c\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u6bb5\u5341\u4e8c\u500b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u9577\u7684\u7247\u6bb5\u3002\u800c\u9019\u5169\u5927\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u80fd\u5920\u5faa\u7dda\u8ffd\u67e5 SARS-CoV-2 \u7684\u8eab\u5bb6\u5e95\u7d30\u662f\u5f9e\u54ea\u88e1\u6f14\u5316\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u6709\u8de1\u53ef\u5faa\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc SARS-CoV-2 \u5982\u6b64\u81f4\u547d\u96e3\u7e8f\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u4f9b\u7814\u767c\u65b0\u85e5\u7684\u8457\u773c\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u8a0e\u8ad6 SARS-CoV-2 \u6253\u5f9e\u54ea\u88e1\u4f86\u3002<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u4e00\u4f46\u5b9a\u5e8f\u4e86 SARS-CoV-2\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf\u63a1\u96c6\u5230\u4e86\u7f6a\u72af\u6307\u7d0b\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u53ea\u8981\u8cc7\u6599\u5eab\u5920\u8a73\u76e1\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u6bd4\u5c0d\uff0c\u4e0d\u96e3\u6316\u51fa\u5e95\u7d30\u3002SARS-CoV-2 \u548c\u65e9\u5e74\u7684 SARS-CoV \u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u6709\u5927\u7d04\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u516b\u5341\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u767c\u73fe\u5e8f\u5217\u6700\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u570b\u96f2\u5357\u7701\u8e44\u9f3b\u8759\u8760\uff08horseshoe bat\uff1bRhinolophus affinis<\/em>\uff09\u4e0a\u6240\u63a1\u6a23\u800c\u5f97\u7684\u6aa2\u9ad4\uff0c\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u9ad8\u9054\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\u5341\u516d\u3002\u4f46\uff0c\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\u5341\u516d\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u96d6\u5920\u9ad8\uff0c\u537b\u4ecd\u4e0d\u76e1\u5982\u4eba\u610f\uff1b\u6240\u4ee5\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9084\u5728\u52aa\u529b\u5c0b\u627e\u4e2d\u9593\u6240\u7f3a\u5931\u7684\u9023\u7d50\uff0c\u662f\u843d\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c SARS-CoV-2 \u501f\u9053\u65bc ACE2 \u9019\u500b\u8868\u9762\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4f86\u611f\u67d3\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u9019\u7b56\u7565\u4e26\u975e\u5275\u4e16\u65b0\u5947\u3002\u5176\u59d0\u59b9 SARS-CoV \u96d6\u7136\u53ea\u6709\u516b\u6210\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u662f\u5229\u7528\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u7d30\u80de\u8868\u9762\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0cSARS-CoV-2 \u68d8\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\u4e0a\u7684\u516d\u500b\u7a81\u8b8a\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u6bd4\u5176\u4ed6\u7a2e\u4e5f\u5229\u7528 ACE2 \u4f86\u611f\u67d3\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u66f4\u64c5\u9577\u7d50\u5408 ACE2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u68d8\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\u5c08\u8077\u65bc\u7d50\u5408\u4e0a\u5bbf\u4e3b\u7d30\u80de\u8868\u9762\u7684\u53d7\u5668\uff0c\u53ef\u8b02\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u80fd\u5920\u611f\u67d3\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002\u800c\u68d8\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\u65e2\u9802\u8457\u885d\u92d2\u7684\u91cd\u8cac\uff0c\u4e5f\u8eab\u64d4\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u300c\u984f\u503c\u300d\u2014\u2014\u68d8\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\u88e1\u53d7\u5668\u7d50\u5408\u57df\uff08receptor-binding domain\uff09\u662f\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u88e1\u8b8a\u7570\u6700\u5927\u7684\u5340\u6bb5\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u8868\u73fe\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u68d8\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\uff0c\u6545\u800c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u63a2\u67e5\u75c5\u6bd2\u8eab\u5bb6\u5e95\u7d30\u7684\u5207\u5165\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5 SARS-CoV-2 \u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u516d\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u548c\u8e44\u9f3b\u8759\u8760\u6240\u63a1\u6a23\u5230\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u6aa2\u9ad4\uff08RaTG13\uff09\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u9019\u6545\u800c\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u50be\u5411\u65bc\u5f9e\u8759\u8760\u5230\u4eba\u985e\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4e0d\u662f RaTG13 \u6b64\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5982\u9b5a\u8e8d\u9f8d\u9580\u4e00\u6a23\u4e00\u98db\u6c96\u5929\uff0c\u5c41\u80a1\u626d\u626d\u5c31\u80fd\u5920\u8b8a\u6210 SARS-CoV-2 \u6b64\u7b49\u6bba\u624b\u7d1a\u75c5\u6bd2\u9019\u822c\u7c21\u55ae\u3002\u9019\u4e2d\u9593\u5fc5\u7136\u9084\u6709\u7121\u6578\u6b21\u7684\u5929\u64c7\u6f14\u5316\uff0c\u6084\u6084\u767c\u751f\u8457\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65bc\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u5728 SARS-CoV-2 \u5728\u8b8a\u5f97\u80fd\u5920\u4eba\u755c\u5171\u901a\u50b3\u67d3\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u8759\u8760\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u4e2d\u9593\u5bbf\u4e3b\u3002\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5fc3\u751f\u8d77\u7591\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u4e2d\u9593\u5bbf\u4e3b\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u662f\u99ac\u4f86\u7a7f\u5c71\u7532\uff08Malayan pangolins\uff1bManis javanica<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u5f9e\u63a1\u6a23\u81ea\u8d70\u79c1\u5230\u5ee3\u6771\u7701\u7684\u99ac\u4f86\u7a7f\u5c71\u7532\u6aa2\u9ad4\u88e1\uff0c\u6709\u767c\u73fe\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08\u4f46\u5e8f\u5217\u76f8\u4f3c\u5ea6\u53ea\u6709\u767e\u5206\u4e4b\u4e5d\u5341\u4e00\u5de6\u53f3\uff09\u3002\u4f46\u99ac\u4f86\u7a7f\u5c71\u7532\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u5acc\u7591\u9ad8\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u5206\u6790\u6aa2\u9ad4\u88e1\u7684\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u57fa\u56e0\u7d44\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u68d8\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\u88e1\u53d7\u5668\u7d50\u5408\u57df\uff0c\u6070\u6070\u597d\u5e36\u6709 SARS-CoV-2 \u90a3\u516d\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u8b8a\u7570\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u4e4b\u524d\u63d0\u904e\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u9019\u516d\u500b\u4f4d\u65bc\u68d8\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\u88e1\u53d7\u5668\u7d50\u5408\u57df\u7684\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u8b8a\u7570\uff0cSARS-CoV-2 \u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u9ede\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u68d8\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\u88e1\u6709\u4e00\u5c0f\u6bb5\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u5e8f\u5217\u7a81\u8b8a\u3002\u9019\u5c0f\u6bb5\u5d4c\u5165\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u7279\u5225\uff0c\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u525b\u525b\u597d\u4ecb\u65bc\u68d8\u72c0\u86cb\u767d S1 \u8207 S2 \u4e4b\u9593\u3002\u68d8\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\u65e2\u7136\u50cf\u7687\u51a0\u4e0a\u7684\u7a81\u8d77\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u9019\u86cb\u767d\u60f3\u50cf\u6210\u7687\u51a0\u7a81\u8d77\u7684\u300c\u652f\u6490\u5ea7\u300d\u548c\u300c\u9472\u65bc\u5176\u4e0a\u7684\u73e0\u5bf6\u300d\u3002\u68d8\u72c0\u86cb\u767d\u88e1\u7684 S2 \u50cf\u662f\u90a3\u652f\u6490\u5ea7\uff0cS1\u5247\u50cf\u90a3\u73e0\u5bf6\u3002\u800c\u90a3\u5c0f\u6bb5\u7684\u5d4c\u5165\u7a81\u8b8a\uff0c\u6b63\u4f4d\u5728S1 \u8207 S2 \u9019\u5169\u500b\u529f\u80fd\u5340\u584a\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e09\u8655\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u91a3\u57fa\u5316\u9ede\u3002\u9019\u91a3\u57fa\u5316\u9ede\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5728\u57fa\u5ea7\u8207\u73e0\u5bf6\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u9084\u865b\u69ae\u5730\u9326\u4e0a\u6dfb\u82b1\u4e86\u4e09\u4e32\u6d41\u8607\u540a\u7a57\u3002\u800c\u4e0d\u8ad6\u662f\u8759\u8760\u9084\u662f\u7a7f\u5c71\u7532\u6240\u63a1\u5230\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u6aa2\u9ad4\u88e1\uff0c\u90fd\u4e0d\u5177\u6709\u9019\u9326\u4e0a\u6dfb\u82b1\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u9019\u5929\u64c7\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u767c\u751f\u75c5\u6bd2\u80fd\u5920\u4eba\u755c\u50b3\u67d3\u4e4b\u5f8c\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0cSARS-CoV-2 \u662f\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u8eab\u4e0a\uff0c\u9010\u6f38\u8b8a\u5f97\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u9069\u61c9\uff0c\u6108\u4f86\u6108\u80fd\u5920\u4eba\u50b3\u4eba\u3002\u5728\u6700\u65e9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u88e1\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u5f9e COVID-19 \u75c5\u4eba\u8eab\u4e0a\u6240\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u63a8\u4f30\u6700\u8fd1\u7684\u5171\u7528\u59cb\u6e90\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u6700\u65e9\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5728\u53bb\u5e74\u5341\u4e00\u6708\u5e95\u3001\u5341\u4e8c\u6708\u521d\u51fa\u73fe\u3002\u5982\u679c\u9019\u5047\u8a2d\u70ba\u771f\uff0c\u90a3\u5728 SARS-CoV-2 \u80fd\u5920\u6709\u6548\u5730\u4eba\u50b3\u4eba\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6216\u8a31\u5c31\u6709\u4e9b\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u7684\u96f6\u661f\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u4f46\u56e0\u70ba\u50b3\u67d3\u93c8\u592a\u77ed\uff0c\u624d\u4e0d\u88ab\u5bdf\u4e4b\u3002\u9019\u4e5f\u6703\u5f88\u50cf MERS-CoV \u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4eba\u985e\u7f79\u75c5\u6848\u4f8b\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u500b\u81ea\u7531\u99f1\u99dd\u8eab\u4e0a\u800c\u88ab\u611f\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f60\u8aaa\uff0c\u6709\u7b2c\u4e09\u7a2e\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u662f\u4eba\u70ba\u55ce\uff1f\u76ee\u524d\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u4e0d\u652f\u6301\u9019\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u3002\u82e5\u8981\u4eba\u70ba\uff0c\u4e00\u5247\u662f\u6709\u4eba\u84c4\u610f\u88fd\u9020\uff0c\u4e8c\u662f\u5f9e\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u88e1\u88ab\u5927\u610f\u6d41\u51fa\u3002SARS-CoV-2 \u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u8aaa\u662f\u9435\u8b49\u6b77\u6b77\u3002\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u6211\u5011\u624b\u4e0a\u6700\u76f8\u8fd1\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u662f\u5f9e\u8e44\u9f3b\u8759\u8760\u6240\u63a1\u6a23\u5230\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u6aa2\u9ad4\uff0c\u800c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u8a0e\u8ad6\u904e\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u7d44\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u7f6a\u9b41\u798d\u9996\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u96fb\u8166\u5206\u6790\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u4eba\u70ba\u7684\u8a71\uff0cSARS-CoV-2 \u4e0a\u7684\u90a3\u516d\u500b\u7279\u7570\u6027\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u900f\u904e\u751f\u7269\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5206\u6790\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u89e3\u3002\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u771f\u6709\u4eba\u60f3\u8981\u626e\u6f14\u4e0a\u5e1d\uff0c\u5c07\u8e44\u9f3b\u8759\u8760\u6240\u63a1\u6a23\u5230\u7684\u75c5\u6bd2\u6aa2\u9ad4\u5927\u70ba\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u90a3\u516d\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u8b8a\u7570\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u77e5\u8b58\u53ef\u53ca\u4e0b\u80fd\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u9996\u9078\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u8a18\u5f97\u90a3\u9326\u4e0a\u6dfb\u82b1\u7684\u300c\u91a3\u57fa\u5316\u300d\u5d4c\u5165\u8b8a\u7570\u55ce\uff1f\u901a\u5e38\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u6703\u662f\u4eba\u5de5\u4e00\u4ee3\u53c8\u4e00\u4ee3\u7d30\u80de\u990a\u6b96\u6240\u80fd\u7be9\u9078\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u7279\u8272\uff0c\u800c\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u548c\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e92\u52d5\u624d\u6709\u5462\u3002\u5982\u679c\u60f3\u8981\u66f4\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\u4e86\u89e3\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53c3\u8003\u5e7e\u4f4d\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u806f\u624b\u5728 Emerging Microbes & Infections <\/em>\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff08\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599 #6\uff09\u3002\u53c8\u6216\u8005\u662f Podcast \u3008This Week in Virology\u3009\u5728\u7b2c 623 \u96c6\u88e1\u7684\u5f8c\u6bb5\uff0cPeter Daszak \u4e5f\u6709\u8ddf\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u5e7e\u4f4d\u75c5\u6bd2\u5b78\u5bb6\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5230\u5594\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u8a0e\u8ad6\u5230\u7684\u539f\u59cb\u7814\u7a76\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u95dc\u65bc SARS-CoV-2 \u75c5\u6bd2\u8d77\u6e90\uff1aMaciej F Boni, Philippe Lemey, Xiaowei Jiang, Tommy Tsan-Yuk Lam, Blair W Perry, Todd A Castoe, Andrew Rambaut, David L Robertson. Nat Microbiol. Evolutionary origins of the SARS-CoV-2 sarbecovirus lineage responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020 Jul 28. doi: 10.1038\/s41564-020-0771-4. Online ahead of print.<\/p>\n

\u95dc\u65bc SARS-CoV-2 \u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u5e7e\u500b\u7279\u9ede\uff1aAndersen KG, Rambaut A, Lipkin WI, Holmes EC, Garry RF. The proximal origin of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Med. 2020 Apr;26(4):450-452. doi: 10.1038\/s41591-020-0820-9. PMID: 32284615<\/p>\n

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    \n
  1. Timothy Sheahan et al. Mechanisms of zoonotic severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus host range expansion in human airway epithelium. J Virol. 2008 Mar;82(5):2274-85. doi: 10.1128\/JVI.02041-07. Epub 2007 Dec 19.<\/li>\n
  2. Canrong Wu, et al. Analysis of therapeutic targets for SARS-CoV-2 and discovery of potential drugs by computational methods Acta Pharm Sin B. 2020 May; 10(5): 766\u2013788. Published online 2020 Feb 27.<\/li>\n
  3. Wendong Li, et al. Bats are natural reservoirs of SARS-like coronaviruses. Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):676-9. doi: 10.1126\/science.1118391. Epub 2005 Sep 29.<\/li>\n
  4. Weiss SR. Forty years with coronaviruses. J Exp Med. 2020 May 4;217(5):e20200537. doi: 10.1084\/jem.20200537.<\/li>\n
  5. Juan \u00c1ngel, et al. Recombination and lineage-specific mutations led to the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. bioRxiv. 2020 Mar 23;2020.02.10.942748. doi: 10.1101\/2020.02.10.942748. Preprint<\/li>\n
  6. Shan-Lu Liu, et al. No credible evidence supporting claims of the laboratory engineering of SARS-CoV-2. 2020 Feb 26;9(1):505-507. doi: 10.1080\/22221751.2020.1733440. eCollection 2020.<\/li>\n
  7. Podcast <This Week in Virology> #623. Bats and coronaviruses with Peter Daszak.<\/li>\n
  8. Podcast <Radiolab> Dispatch 1: Numbers.<\/li>\n
  9. Adam Kucharski. <The Rules of Contagion: Why Things Spread - and Why They Stop> Wellcome Collection.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u4ef0\u4ed7\u8457\u57fa\u56e0\u5b9a\u5e8f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u767c\u9054\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u6b21\u5728\u75ab\u60c5\u7206\u767c\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u9a57\u660e\u4e86 COVID-19 \u662f\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u7684\u59cb\u4f5c\u4fd1\u8005\u3002\u4e16\u754c\u885b\u751f\u7d44\u7e54\u4e5f\u5c07\u9019\u6b63\u8eab\uff0c\u6b63\u540d\u70baSARS-CoV-2 \u75c5\u6bd2\u3002\u53ef\u60dc\uff0c\u76f8\u61c9\u7684\u5f8c\u7e8c\u63aa\u65bd\uff0c\u5728\u5982\u4eca\u4e8b\u5f8c\u8af8\u845b\u7684\u4e0a\u5e1d\u8996\u89d2\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u537b\u4e0d\u76e1\u5982\u4eba\u9858\u3002
    \nSARS-CoV-2 \u96d6\u65b0\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u8eab\u5c6c\u7684\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u79d1\uff08Coronaviridae\uff09\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u53f2\u4e0a\u53ef\u662f\u51fa\u6c92\u5df2\u4e45\u3002\u8207\u5176\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ffd\u6eaf\u5230 1930 \u5e74\u4ee3\u3002\u9664\u4e86SARS-CoV-2\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u81f4\u547d\u5730\u9084\u6709 SARS-CoV\uff08\u56b4\u91cd\u6025\u6027\u547c\u5438\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca MERS-CoV\uff08\u4e2d\u6771\u547c\u5438\u75c7\u5019\u7fa4\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\uff09\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5728 2002 \u8207 2012 \u7684\u6642\u5019\u798d\u60a3\u65bc\u4e16\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u9084\u6709\u56db\u7a2e\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\u53ef\u4ee5\u611f\u67d3\u4eba\u985e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86 HKU1\u3001NL63\u3001OC43\u3001\u9084\u6709229E \uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u5e7e\u7a2e\u75c5\u6bd2\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c0f\u5496\uff0c\u611f\u67d3\u5f8c\u7684\u75c7\u72c0\u76f8\u8f03\u524d\u9762\u4e09\u7a2e\uff0c\u8981\u8f15\u5fae\u8a31\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":35606,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4580,3293],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/08\/Rohan-Chakravarty-Green-HumourYellow-House-Bat.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35605"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=35605"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35605\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":35611,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/35605\/revisions\/35611"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/35606"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=35605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=35605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=35605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}