{"id":35437,"date":"2020-07-22T00:26:28","date_gmt":"2020-07-21T16:26:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=35437"},"modified":"2020-07-23T10:56:48","modified_gmt":"2020-07-23T02:56:48","slug":"%e9%96%8b%e7%99%bccrispr-%e5%b1%85%e5%ae%b6%e6%aa%a2%e6%b8%ac%e5%b9%b3%e5%8f%b0%e5%b0%8d%e6%8a%97covid-19","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=35437","title":{"rendered":"\u958b\u767cCRISPR \u5c45\u5bb6\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5e73\u53f0\u5c0d\u6297COVID-19"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7531COVID-19\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u5168\u7403\u5927\u6d41\u884c\u5df2\u986f\u793a\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u85e5\u7269\u53ca\u9810\u9632\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u5c0d\u75ab\u60c5\u53ca\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7ba1\u5236\u5341\u5206\u4e0d\u5229\u4e14\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6e96\u78ba\u4e26\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u5de5\u5177\u5c0d\u65bc\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u65e9\u671f\u8b58\u5225\u548c\u6cbb\u7642\u81f3\u95dc\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u53ca\u6642\u5be6\u65bd\u611f\u67d3\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u4e26\u6539\u5584\u81e8\u5e8a\u8b77\u7406\u548c\u516c\u5171\u885b\u751f\u63aa\u65bd\u4ee5\u963b\u6b62\u75be\u75c5\u50b3\u64ad\u3002CRISPR\u5df2\u88ab\u6210\u529f\u958b\u767c\u4f5c\u70ba\u57fa\u56e0\u7de8\u8f2f\uff08gene editing\uff09\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5ee3\u6cdb\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u6539\u9020\uff0c\u7576\u524d\u4e26\u958b\u767c\u7528\u65bc\u65b0\u8208\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6838\u9178\u6aa2\u6e2c\uff0c\u6df1\u5177\u6f5b\u529b\u4f5c\u70baCOVID-19\u5c45\u5bb6\u6aa2\u6e2c\u7684\u5e73\u53f0\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff0f\u9673\u6df5\u9293<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25cfCRISPR<\/strong>\u7684\u8a8d\u8b58<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u53e2\u96c6\u6709\u898f\u5f8b\u9593\u9694\u7684\u77ed\u8ff4\u6587\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\uff08Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats , CRISPR\uff09\u539f\u672c\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u539f\u6838\u751f\u7269\uff08\u7d30\u83cc\uff09\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0d\u6297\u5916\uf92d\u907a\u50b3\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u5982\u8cea\u9ad4\uff08plasmid\uff09\u6216\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\uff08bacteriophage\uff09\u7684DNA\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u5bbf\u4e3b\u9ad4\u5167\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5f8c\u5929\u514d\u75ab\uff08adaptive immunity\uff09\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u7d30\u83cc\u6703\u5c0d\u66fe\u4fb5\u5165\u7684DNA\u7522\u751f\u8a18\u61b6\uff08memory\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u5e8f\u5217\u76f8\u540c\u7684DNA\u518d\u6b21\u9032\u5165\u7d30\u83cc\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u6703\u7522\u751f\u5f8c\u5929\u6027\u514d\u75ab\u53cd\u61c9\u4ee5\u5206\u89e3\u6b64\u5916\u4f86\u7684DNA\u3002CRISPR\u5305\u542b\u591a\u91cd\u7684\u3001\u77ed\u7684\u53ca\u76f4\u63a5\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u91cd\u8907\u9ad4\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u91cd\u8907\u9ad4\u542b\u6709\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u4f34\u96a8\u8457\u7d0430\u500b\u7a31\u70ba\u9593\u9694 DNA\uff08spacer DNA\uff09\u7684\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c0d\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u9593\u9694\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u8cea\u9ad4\u6216\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7684\u77edDNA\u7247\u6bb5\uff08fragment\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u5bbf\u4e3b\u518d\u5ea6\u906d\u9047\u9019\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8cea\u9ad4\u6216\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u4fbf\u6703\u85c9\u7531\u8207 CRISPR RNA\uff08crRNA\uff09\u7684\u4e92\u88dc\u4f5c\u7528\u800c\u8fa8\u8a8d\u5916\u4f86\u7684DNA\uff0ccrRNA\u548c\u4e92\u88dc\u6027\u5916\u4f86\u7684 DNA\u7684\u7d50\u5408\u5f8c\uff0c\u85c9\u7531Cas9\u86cb\u767d\uff08\u6838\u9178\u9176\uff09\u4f86\u5206\u89e3\u7834\u58de\u5165\u4fb5\u7684DNA\u6216RNA\u3002\u4f5c\u7528\u6a5f\u8f49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a\u55ae\u80a1\u5c0e\u5f15RNA\uff08single-guiding RNA, sg RNA\uff09\u6703\u8207 Cas9\u767d\u9032\u884c\u4ea4\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u7d50\u5408\u5f8c\u6703\u5f15\u5c0e\u5167\u6838\u9178\u9176\u6d3b\u6027\u5230 \u8207 protospacer \u5e8f\u5217\u9130\u8fd1\u7684\u5340\u57df\uff08protospacer adjacent motif, PAM\uff09\uff0csgRNA \u8fa8\u8a8d\u7279\u5b9a\u7684DNA\u5e8f\u5217\u5f8c\uff0c\u7d50\u5408\u7684Cas 9\u6703\u88c1\u5207\u5728DNA\u6b63\u53cd\u5169\u80a1\u7684 PAM\uff08NGG\uff09\u4e0a\u6e38\u54043\u500b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u5f62\u6210\u920d\u7aef\uff08blunt end\uff09\u7684\u96d9\u80a1\u65b7\u88c2\uff08double-stranded break\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f7f\u7528\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u805a\u5408\u9176\u9023\u9396\u53cd\u61c9\uff08Polymerase chain reaction, PCR\uff09\u8a3a\u65b7\u662f\u5426\u611f\u67d3\u65b0\u51a0\u75c5\u6bd2\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u8017\u6642\u8cbb\u4e8b\uff0c\u9084\u9700\u6709\u7cbe\u5bc6\u5100\u5668\u53ca\u5c08\u696d\u91ab\u7642\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u914d\u5408\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e0d\u9808\u4f9d\u8cf4\u5c08\u696d\u8a2d\u5099\u548c\u4eba\u54e1\u7684\u65b0\u5f0f\u7684\u667a\u80fd\u6027\u5feb\u901f\u8a3a\u65b7\u65b9\u6cd5\u662f\u6709\u9700\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u6700\u8fd1CRISPR\u4ea6\u88ab\u5f15\u5165\u6838\u9178\u5feb\u901f\u6aa2\u6e2c\u9818\u57df\uff0c\u7528\u65bc\u958b\u767c\u65b0\u578b\u7684\u65b0\u51a0\u80ba\u708e\uff08Coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19\uff09\u7684\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5de5\u5177\u53ca\u8a66\u5291\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u958b\u767c<\/strong>CRISPR<\/strong>\u4f5c\u70ba<\/strong>COVID-19<\/strong>\u7684\u6aa2\u6e2c<\/strong>\u5e73\u53f0<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4eca\u5e74(2020\u5e74)\uff0c\u4e2d\u570b\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u5728\u4e00\u7bc7\u8a55\u8ad6\u6587\u7ae0\u4e2d\u7e3d\u7d50\u4e86\u95dc\u65bc\u5404\u7a2eCRISPR\u7528\u65bcCOVID-19\u6aa2\u6e2c\u7684\u6700\u65b0\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u5305\u62ecCRISPR\/Cas9\uff0cCRISPR\/Cas12\u548cCRISPR\/Cas13\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u88ab\u958b\u767c\u4f5c\u70ba\u5feb\u901f\uff0c\u6e96\u78ba\u548c\u4fbf\u651c\u5f0f\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u986f\u793aCRISPR\u53ef\u88ab\u61c9\u7528\u65bcCOVID-19\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u65b0\u8208\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u8a3a\u65b7\u7684\u6f5b\u529b\u3002\u8207\u805a\u5408\u9176\u9023\u9396\u53cd\u61c9\uff08polymerase chain reaction assay, PCR\uff09\u548cDNA\u6e2c\u5e8f\u6cd5\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8f03\u5feb\u901f\u9451\u5b9a\u51fa\u65b0\u8208\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u52a9\u65bc\u53ca\u6642\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u7406\u60f3\u7684\u6aa2\u6e2c\u8a66\u5291\u7279\u8272\u5728\u65bc\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u53ef\u9760\u3001\u5ec9\u50f9\u4e14\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u65b9\u6cd5\u4ecd\u9700\u8981\u4ed4\u7d30\u7684\u6e2c\u8a66\u548c\u81e8\u5e8a\u9a57\u8b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u78ba\u4fdd\u5176\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6Ackerman\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u540d\u70baCARMEN\uff08specific high-sensitivity enzymatic reporter unlocking, SHERLOCK\u7684\u5ef6\u4f38\uff09\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6aa2\u6e2c\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u75c5\u539f\u9ad4\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5f15\u8d77COVID-19\u7684\u65b0\u578b\u51a0\u72c0\u75c5\u6bd2\uff08SARS-CoV-2\uff09\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u6aa2\u6e2c\u6df7\u5408\u7269\u5305\u542bsgRNA\u3001Cas13\u53ca\u6709\u87a2\u5149\u6a19\u8a18\u7684\u5831\u5c0eRNA\uff08reporter RNA\uff09\uff0c\u87a2\u5149\u5206\u5b50\u7531\u65bc\u9644\u8457\u5728\u5831\u5c0eRNA\u4e0a\u800c\u4e0d\u6703\u767c\u51fa\u5149\u3002sgRNA\u80fd\u5920\u8b58\u5225\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u6a19\u7684\u6838\u9178\uff08DNA\u6216RNA\uff09\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5982\u679cCRISPR\/Cas13\u8907\u5408\u9ad4\u8b58\u5225\u51fa\u6a19\u7684\u6838\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5247Cas13\u6703\u88ab\u6fc0\u6d3b\u800c\u5207\u5272\u5831\u5c0eRNA\u4e26\u7522\u751f\u87a2\u5149\uff0c\u5f9e\u800c\u6aa2\u6e2c\u6a23\u672c\u6709\u7279\u5b9a\u75c5\u6bd2\u611f\u67d3\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u7f8e\u570bMammoth Biosciences\u8207GSK\u516c\u53f8\u4ea6\u5ba3\u5e03\u958b\u767c\u4e00\u7a2e\u4ee5CRISPR\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684SARS-CoV-2\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5e73\u53f0DETECTR<\/strong>\uff08DNA endonuclease targeted CRISPR trans reporter\uff09\uff0c\u53ef\u5feb\u901f\uff08\u5c0f\u65bc40\u5206\u9418\uff09\u4e14\u6e96\u78ba\u7684\u5f9e\u53d7\u6e2c\u8005\u9f3b\u62ed\u5b50RNA\u63d0\u53d6\u7269\u4e2d\u6aa2\u6e2cSARS-CoV-2\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4f7f\u7528\u4f86\u81ea\u7f8e\u570b\u60a3\u8005\u7684\u4eba\u5de5\u53c3\u8003\u6a23\u54c1\u548c\u81e8\u5e8a\u6a23\u54c1\u4f86\u9a57\u8b49\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u5305\u62ec36\u4f8bCOVID-19\u60a3\u8005\u548c42\u4f8b\u5176\u4ed6\u75c5\u6bd2\u547c\u5438\u9053\u611f\u67d3\u60a3\u8005\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u6aa2\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\u967d\u6027\u9810\u6e2c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u70ba95\uff05\uff0c\u9670\u6027\u9810\u6e2c\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u70ba100\uff05\uff0c\u8b49\u660e\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u7684\u898b\u4e14\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u6aa2\u6e2c\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u5177\u6709\u6f5b\u529b\u66ff\u4ee3\u76ee\u524d\u6700\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u5b9a\u91cf\u5373\u6642\u9006\u8f49\u9304\u805a\u5408\u9176\u9023\u9396\u53cd\u61c9\u5206\u6790\u6cd5\uff08quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assay, qRT-PCR\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5e73\u53f0\u7684\u7279\u8272\u662f\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u5bb9\u6613\u64cd\u4f5c\u3001\u53ef\u651c\u5f0f\uff08\u624b\u6301\u5f0f\uff09\u53ca\u5b8c\u5168\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\uff0c\u80fd\u900f\u904e\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u9f3b\u62ed\u5b50\u8fa8\u8b58SARS-CoV-2 \u7684RNA\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u9700\u8981\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u5927\u578b\u5100\u5668\u8a2d\u5099\u548c\u8017\u6642\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u5728\u7d0420\u5206\u9418\u5373\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u6aa2\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ef\u6aa2\u6e2c\u591a\u7a2e\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\uff0c\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u5df2\u767c\u8868\u5728 Nature Biotechnology<\/em> \u671f\u520a\u3002\u7f8e\u570bFDA\u6b63\u5728\u5c0d\u8a72\u5e73\u53f0\u9032\u884c\u7dca\u6025\u4f7f\u7528\u6388\u6b0a\uff08emergency use authorization, EUA\uff09\u5be9\u67e5\uff0cGSK\u9810\u8a08\u57282020\u5e74\u5e95\u524d\uff0c\u5c07\u6574\u500b\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5e73\u53f0\u63d0\u4ea4\u7d66FDA\u9032\u884c\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u4e4b\u63a8\u5ee3\u6210\u70ba\u91ab\u9662\u548c\u8a3a\u6240\u7684\u5373\u6642\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u518d\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u63d0\u4f9b\u975e\u8655\u65b9\u6aa2\u6e2c\u8b93\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

Mammoth Biosciences\u57f7\u884c\u9577\u517c\u5275\u59cb\u4ebaTrevor Martin\u8aaa\uff1a\u300cCOVID-19\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u5927\u5bb6\u6aa2\u6e2c\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u76e1\u793e\u6703\u8cac\u4efb\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u7684\u662f\u8a3a\u65b7\u7684\u6839\u672c\u8f49\u8b8a\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u53ef\u64f4\u5c55\u7684\u624b\u6bb5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ee3\u6cdb\u5730\u89e3\u6c7a\u75be\u75c5\u6aa2\u6e2c\u554f\u984c\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u85c9\u7531\u4ee5CRISPR\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u8a3a\u65b7\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u80fd\u5728\u4e0d\u5f71\u97ff\u6240\u6709\u985e\u578b\u50b3\u67d3\u75c5\u6aa2\u6e2c\u6e96\u78ba\u6027\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\uff0c\u5be6\u73fe\u5feb\u901f\u7684\u6aa2\u6e2c\u3002\u300d\u6b64\u5916\uff0cGSK\u6d88\u8cbb\u8005\u91ab\u7642\u4fdd\u5065\u90e8\u9580\u7e3d\u76e3 Brian McNamara\u4ea6\u8868\u793a\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u5011\u671f\u5f85\u5728COVID-19\u6d41\u884c\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u5e6b\u52a9\u6c11\u773e\u4fdd\u6301\u5065\u5eb7\uff0c\u4e26\u8a8d\u70ba\u53d6\u5f97\u8fc5\u901f\u3001\u6e96\u78ba\u53ca\u9ad8\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u6aa2\u6e2c\u7d50\u679c\u662f\u5341\u5206\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002\u8207Mammoth Biosciences\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8ca2\u737b\u5c08\u696d\u77e5\u8b58\u5b8c\u6210\u958b\u767c\u4e00\u7a2e\u4e00\u6b21\u6027\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u6aa2\u6e2c\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u8b93\u4e00\u822c\u6c11\u773e\u4e5f\u80fd\u5728\u5c45\u5bb6\u6aa2\u6e2cCOVID-19\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u5c07\u6aa2\u6e2c\u7684\u529b\u91cf\u5e36\u51fa\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\uff0c\u4e26\u9032\u5165\u4eba\u5011\u7684\u5bb6\u4e2d\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n

 <\/strong><\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Storch<\/a> CRISPR Tool Scales Up to Interrogate a Huge Line-Up of Viral Suspects. Nature. 2020 May 18. doi: 10.1038\/d41586-020-01447-w. Online ahead of print.<\/li>\n
  2. Broughton<\/a> JP, Deng<\/a> X, Yu G,  Fasching<\/a> CL, Servellita<\/a> V,  Singh<\/a> J, Miao<\/a> X, Streithorst<\/a> JA, Granados<\/a> A, Sotomayor-Gonzalez<\/a> A, Zorn<\/a> K, Gopez<\/a> A, Hsu<\/a> E, Gu<\/a> W,  Miller<\/a> S,  Pan<\/a> CY,  Guevara<\/a> H,  Wadford<\/a> DA, Chen<\/a> JS, Chiu<\/a> CRISPR-Cas12-based Detection of SARS-CoV-2. Nat Biotechnol. 2020 Apr 16. doi: 10.1038\/s41587-020-0513-4. Online ahead of print.<\/li>\n
  3. Xiang<\/a> X, Qian<\/a> K, Zhang<\/a> Z, <\/sup> Lin<\/a> F, Xie<\/a> Y, Liu<\/a>  <\/sup>Y, Yang<\/a> CRISPR-Cas systems based molecular diagnostic tool for infectious diseases and emerging 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pneumonia. J Drug Target. 2020 May 26;1-5. doi: 10.1080\/1061186X.2020.1769637. Online ahead of print.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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