{"id":354,"date":"2009-10-09T14:00:53","date_gmt":"2009-10-09T06:00:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=354"},"modified":"2017-03-31T23:21:34","modified_gmt":"2017-03-31T15:21:34","slug":"%e3%80%902009-nobel%e7%b3%bb%e5%88%97%e5%a0%b1%e5%b0%8e%e4%ba%94%e3%80%91%e6%a0%b8%e9%86%a3%e9%ab%94%ef%bc%9a%e5%be%9e%e5%8e%9f%e5%ad%90%e5%b1%a4%e6%ac%a1%e7%9c%8b%e7%94%9f%e5%91%bd%e9%97%9c%e9%8d%b5","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=354","title":{"rendered":"\u30102009 Nobel\u7cfb\u5217\u5831\u5c0e\u4e94\u3011\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\uff1a\u5f9e\u539f\u5b50\u5c64\u6b21\u770b\u751f\u547d\u95dc\u9375"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">The key to life at the atomic level...<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/blockquote>\n<h5><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">2009 \u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u4ecb\u7d39\u5168\u6587\u4e2d\u8b6f<\/span><\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong>\u7ffb\u8b6f <\/strong>\u2223 \u8521\u860a\u660e\u6559\u6388<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u57fa\u790e\u4ecd\u662f\u4e00\u7247\u8b0e\u5718\uff0c\u800c\u4eca\u65e5\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u77e5\u9053\u8a31\u591a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u7cbe\u7d30\u5230\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u30022009\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u6b63\u662f\u7d66\u4e88\u5c0d\u65bc\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\uff08ribosome\uff09 \u2014\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5408\u6210\u5de5\u5ee0\u2014\u7684\u4ed4\u7d30\u63cf\u7e6a\u6240\u505a\u7684\u80af\u5b9a\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u5c07\u88ab\u52d5\u7684DNA\uff08\u6838\u9178\uff09\u8a0a\u606f\u8f49\u8b6f\u6210\u70ba\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u5f62\u9ad4\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6f14\u5316\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u7531\u9054\u723e\u6587\u57281859\u5e74\u6240\u767c\u8868\u7684\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u57fa\u65bc\u4e00\u500b\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u751f\u7269\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u907a\u50b3\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5076\u723e\u6703\u7522\u751f\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d0a\u4e82\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\u6703\u589e\u52a0\u8a72\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u751f\u5b58\u6a5f\u6703\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u5e36\u5165\u4e86\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5728\u6d88\u5316\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6642\uff0c\u65b0\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7522\u751f\uff1a\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u88ab\u907a\u50b3\u5230\u4e86\u5f8c\u9762\u7684\u4e16\u4ee3\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5730\u65b9\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u6539\u8b8a\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u6539\u8b8a\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u73fe\u5728\u6d3b\u751f\u751f\u7684\u751f\u547d\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff1f2009\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u4e43\u662f\u91dd\u5c0d\u7814\u7a76\u9054\u723e\u6587\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u6240\u7d66\u4e88\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u3002\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684X\u5149\u7e5e\u5c04\u5149\u8b5c\u6280\u8853\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u4e86\u7c21\u55ae\u7684DNA\u5bc6\u78bc\u5982\u4f55\u8868\u73fe\u65bc\u807d\u529b\uff0c\u611f\u89ba\u8207\u5473\u89ba\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u808c\u8089\uff0c\u9aa8\u982d\u548c\u76ae\u819a\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u601d\u8003\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_360\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-360\" style=\"width: 385px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e00.jpg\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-360\" title=\"\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e00\u2605\u9ede\u6211\u770b\u5927\u5716\uff01\uff01\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e00.jpg\" alt=\"\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e00\" width=\"385\" height=\"651\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e00.jpg 641w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e00-600x1016.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 385px) 100vw, 385px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-360\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">DNA \u662f\u7531\u96d9\u80a1\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u651c\u5e36\u4e86\u56db\u7a2e\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u5718\uff1a\u817a\u560c\u5464\uff08A\uff09\uff0c\u80de\u5627\u5576\uff08C\uff09\uff0c\u9ce5\u7cde\u560c\u5464\uff08G\uff09 \u8207\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576\uff08T\uff09\u3002\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u662f\u542b\u5728\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u6bcf\u4e00\u80a1\u5e8f\u5217\u7576\u4e2d\uff0cACTGCCAT \u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u8207GCGTATAG \u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u9019\u500b\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u59cb\u65bc1962\u5e74\uff0c\u83ef\u751f\uff08James Watson\uff09\u3001\u514b\u91cc\u514b\uff08Francis Crick\uff09\u53ca\u5a01\u723e\u91d1\u65af\uff08Maurice Wilkins\uff09\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u5c64\u6b21\u89e3\u958bDNA\u5206\u5b50\u96d9\u87ba\u65cb\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u800c\u7372\u734e\u3002\u800c\u5728\u9019\u4e09\u90e8\u66f2\u4e2d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u500b\uff0c\u662f\u57282006\u5e74\u9812\u7d66\u4e86\u5b54\u4f2f\u683c\uff08Roger D. Kornberg\uff09\uff0c\u4ee5\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684X\u5149\u7e5e\u5c04\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u89e3\u91cb\u4e86\u8a0a\u606f\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u62f7\u8c9d\u5230\u4fe1\u4f7fRNA \uff08messenger RNA\uff09\u5206\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u5c07\u8a0a\u606f\u8f49\u8b6f\u6210\u884c\u52d5<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e09\u4f4d2009\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u827e\u9054\u2027\u5c24\u5a1c\u65af\uff08Ada E. Yonath\u3001\u6e6f\u99ac\u65af\u2027\u53f2\u5854\u8332\uff08Thomas A. Steitz\uff09\u8207\u7f85\u66fc\u5947\u9808\u90a3\uff08Venkatraman Ramakrishnan\uff09\u4e43\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5c0d\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u5c64\u6b21\u6240\u63cf\u7e6a\u51fa\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u800c\u5f97\u734e\u3002\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u662f\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u4e00\u7a2e\u6700\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u6a5f\u5668\uff0c\u5b83\u8b80\u53d6\u4fe1\u4f7fRNA\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u5b83\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u300c\u8f49\u8b6f\u300d\uff0c\u5728\u6b64\u4e00\u8f49\u8b6f\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662fDNA\/RNA\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6642\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u9054\u5230\u4e86\u5176\u8907\u96dc\u5ea6\u7684\u9802\u9ede\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8eab\u9ad4\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u6578\u4ee5\u842c\u8a08\u7684\u5404\u7a2e\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u4ee5\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u7cbe\u6e96\u5ea6\u63a7\u5236\u8457\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u5e7e\u500b\u9019\u4e9b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u5305\u62ec\uff1a\u8840\u7d05\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u5c07\u6c27\u6c23\u5f9e\u80ba\u651c\u5e36\u81f3\u8eab\u9ad4\u7684\u5176\u5b83\u90e8\u4f4d\uff1b\u80f0\u5cf6\u7d20\uff0c\u5b83\u63a7\u5236\u8457\u8840\u6db2\u4e2d\u8840\u7cd6\u7684\u6fc3\u5ea6\uff1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6355\u6349\u75c5\u6bd2\u7684\u6297\u9ad4\uff1b\u9084\u6709\u89d2\u8cea\u86cb\u767d\uff08keratin\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u7d44\u6210\u4e86\u982d\u9aee\u548c\u6307\u7532\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5f9e\u7d30\u83cc\u5230\u4eba\u9ad4\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u6240\u6709\u7d44\u7e54\u4e2d\u7684\u6240\u6709\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c92\u6709\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u800c\u751f\u5b58\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u767c\u5c55\u85e5\u7269\u7684\u5b8c\u7f8e\u76ee\u6a19\u3002\u73fe\u4eca\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u5c31\u662f\u53bb\u653b\u64ca\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u4e0d\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4eba\u9ad4\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u3002\u4eca\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u6240\u63d0\u4f9b\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\uff0c\u6b63\u53ef\u4ee5\u904b\u7528\u5728\u767c\u5c55\u65b0\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u7b49\u4e00\u4e0b\u6211\u5011\u518d\u56de\u5230\u9019\u4e00\u9ede\uff0c\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5148\u56de\u6eaf\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u4e2d\u671f\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5316\u5b78\u53ca\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u8b0e\u5718\uff1a\u5f9e\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u751f\u547d\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u86cb\u767d\u8cea<\/strong><strong>\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u201c\u4e00\u4e32\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u7684\u73cd\u73e0\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u57281940\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u63cf\u7e6a\u5df2\u9032\u5c55\u5230\u4e00\u500b\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u8b93\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u77ad\u89e3\u907a\u50b3\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\u662f\u7531\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u4f86\u651c\u5e36\u7684\u3002\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u662f\u7531\u6838\u9178\uff08DNA\uff09\u8207\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff08\u5716\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u651c\u5e36\u4e86\u907a\u50b3\u7684\u7279\u5fb5\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u5011\u9060\u6bd4\u6838\u9178\u8907\u96dc\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u6642\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u88ab\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6240\u5438\u5f15\uff0c\u5df2\u77e5\u6709\u4e9b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f5c\u70ba\u5efa\u6750\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u8b6c\u5982\u9176\uff0c\u53ef\u4fc3\u767c\u4e26\u63a7\u5236\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5373\u4f7f\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u626e\u6f14\u90a3\u9ebc\u591a\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u5171\u540c\u7684\u5efa\u6750\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e8c\u5341\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u3002\u5c31\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u4e32\u73cd\u73e0\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u4e32\u9023\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u500b\u9577\u93c8\uff08\u5716\u4e09\uff09\uff0c\u9023\u7d50\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u80dc\u80bd\u9375\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u975e\u5e38\u7a69\u5b9a\u7684\u9375\u7d50\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u93c8\u53ef\u4ee5\u662f\u7531\u5341\u5230\u767e\u5230\u4e0a\u5343\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u8b6c\u5982\u80f0\u5cf6\u7d20\u5c31\u6bd4\u8840\u7d05\u7d20\u77ed\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>DNA <\/strong><strong>\u2014 <\/strong><strong>\u4f5c\u70ba\u907a\u50b3\u7279\u5fb5\u7684\u651c\u5e36\u8005\u53ef\u80fd\u592a\u7c21\u55ae\u4e86<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u53e6\u4e00\u65b9\u9762\u57281940 \u5e74\u4ee3\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u5c0dDNA \u5206\u5b50\u6c92\u4ec0\u9ebc\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u57281871\u5e74\u7531\u745e\u58eb\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6Friedrich Miescher \u5f9e\u7d30\u80de\u6838\u4e2d\u6240\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u6b64\u4e00\u65b0\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u547d\u540d\u70banuclein\uff08\u6e90\u81ea\u65bc\u62c9\u4e01\u6587<em>nucleus<\/em>\uff09\u3002\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4e00\u822c\uff0cDNA \u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e32\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u73cd\u73e0\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904eDNA \u53ea\u662f\u7531\u56db\u7a2e\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u6838\u82f7\u9178\uff08nucleotides\uff09\u7684\u73cd\u73e0\u7d44\u6210\uff08\u5716\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u5177\u6709\u56db\u7a2e\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u5718\uff1a\u817a\u560c\u5464\uff08adenine\uff0cA\uff09\u3001\u80de\u5627\u5576\uff08cytosine\uff0cC\uff09\u3001\u9ce5\u7cde\u560c\u5464\uff08guanine\uff0cG\uff09 \u8207\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576\uff08thymine\uff0cT\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56db\u7a2e\u5efa\u6750\u770b\u8d77\u4f86\u597d\u50cf\u592a\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u600e\u80fd\u57f7\u884c\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u90a3\u9ebc\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\uff01\u56e0\u6b64\u666e\u904d\u8a8d\u70baDNA\u53ea\u662f\u64d4\u4efb\u4e00\u500b\u652f\u6301\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u9aa8\u67b6\u89d2\u8272\u800c\u5df2\u30021944\u9019\u4e00\u5e74\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u770b\u5230\u4e86DNA\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u91cd\u73fe\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u7a31\u70baAvery-MacLeod-McCarty\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u6b7b\u4ea1\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684DNA \u88ab\u690d\u5165\u6d3b\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u7d30\u80de\u6642\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u88ab\u8f49\u8b8a\u4e86\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u81f4\u75c5\u529b\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u6709\u81f4\u75c5\u529b\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u672c\u8eab\u88ab\u8a55\u8ad6\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0cDNA\u9813\u6642\u6210\u70ba\u4e86\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u7684\u65b0\u7126\u9ede\uff0c\u800c\u7576\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u7684DNA\u5206\u5b50\u96d9\u87ba\u65cb\u7d50\u69cb\u88ab\u63ed\u9732\u6642\uff0c\u9996\u6b21\u4f7f\u5f97\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u89ba\u5f97DNA\u53ef\u80fd\u6210\u70ba\u907a\u50b3\u8a0a\u606f\u7684\u651c\u5e36\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u512a\u7f8e\u7684\u96d9\u87ba\u65cb<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u57281953\u5e74\u4e8c\u6708\u4e8c\u5341\u516b\u65e5\uff0c\u83ef\u751f\u8207\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u5728\u82f1\u570b\u528d\u6a4b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u51f1\u6587\u8fea\u897f\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7d44\u5408\u51fa\u4e86DNA\u7684\u62fc\u5716\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u82b1\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5e74\uff0c\u4f01\u5716\u77ad\u89e3DNA\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u56db\u500b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u7d44\u6210\u4e09\u5ea6\u7a7a\u9593\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7531\u82f1\u570b\u502b\u6566\u7684\u570b\u738b\u5b78\u9662\u7684Rasalind Franklin\u6240\u651d\u5f97\u7684\u4e00\u5f35\u975e\u5e38\u6e05\u6670\u7684X\u5149\u7e5e\u5c04\u5149\u8b5c\u5716\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u986f\u793a\u7684\u773e\u591a\u8a0a\u606f\u4e2d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u87ba\u65cb\u5f62\u7684\u87ba\u72c0\u7269\uff0c\u662f\u7531\u5169\u689d\u93c8\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u751f\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6Erwin Chargaff\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\u4e0d\u8ad6\u5f9e\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u6606\u87f2\u6216\u52d5\u7269\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u4e4bDNA\uff0c\u90fd\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u6578\u76ee\u7684A\u8207T\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u64c1\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u6578\u76ee\u7684C\u8207G\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u83ef\u751f\u8207\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u539f\u5148\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5316\u5b78\u5206\u5b50\u5f0f\u662f\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\uff0c\u4f46\u7d93\u904e\u540c\u4e8b\u6307\u51fa\u5176\u932f\u8aa4\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u4ed6\u5011\u77ad\u89e3\u4e86A\u662f\u8207T\u9023\u63a5\u7684\uff0c\u800cC\u5247\u662f\u8207G\u9023\u63a5\u7684\uff08\u5716\u4e00\uff09\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u5c0d\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u7d93\u5e38\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c0d\u7684\u7d44\u5408\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u5927\u5c0f\u800c\u53ef\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5d4c\u5408\u5728\u96d9\u87ba\u65cb\u7576\u4e2d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u63a5\u8457\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5c31\u5305\u542b\u5728\u6bcf\u4e00\u80a1DNA \u5e8f\u5217\u7576\u4e2d\uff0cATTGCCAT \u4ee3\u8868\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u662f\u8207GCGTATAG\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u4e5f\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4e2d\u7684\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u5982\u4f55\u505a\u5230\uff1f<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_363\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-363\" style=\"width: 213px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-363\" title=\"\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e8c.JPG\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e8c.JPG.jpg\" alt=\"\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e8c.JPG\" width=\"213\" height=\"174\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-363\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u7d30\u80de\u7684\u5256\u9762\u5716\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u5927\u7d04\u670925\u5948\u7c73\uff08\u4e00\u6beb\u7c73\u7684\u767e\u842c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\u5927\u5c0f\uff0c\u67d0\u4e9b\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u662f\u9644\u8457\u5728\u7a31\u70ba\u5167\u8cea\u7db2\uff08endoplasmic reticulum, ER\uff09\u7684\u7db2\u8def\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u7d30\u80de\u542b\u6709\u6578\u842c\u500b\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>RNA <\/strong><strong>\u2014 <\/strong><strong>DNA<\/strong><strong>\u7684\u89aa\u621a<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u83ef\u751f\u8207\u514b\u91cc\u514b\u7684\u5049\u5927\u767c\u73fe\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u6f38\u6f38\u7684\u5c0d\u53e6\u4e00\u7a2e\u7684\u6838\u9178\u7522\u751f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u5b83\u4e3b\u8981\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u4e2d\uff08\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u4e2d\u6838\u5916\u7684\u90e8\u4efd\uff09\u3002\u5f88\u65e9\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u77e5\u9053DNA\u6709\u500b\u89aa\u621aRNA\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u56db\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u5728DNA\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u80f8\u817a\u5627\u5576\u6539\u63db\u6210\u4e86\u5c3f\u5627\u5576\uff08uracil\uff0cU\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230RNA\u662f\u5b58\u5728\u65bc\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u5167\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u9846\u7c92\u4e2d\uff08\u5716\u4e8c\uff09\u3002\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u90a3\u500b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e5f\u662f\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u3002\u57281958\u5e74\u9019\u500b\u7522\u751f\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u9846\u7c92\u88ab\u547d\u540d\u70ba\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u7531\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u8207RNA\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u4ea6\u7a31\u70ba\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4RNA\u6216rRNA\uff09\u6240\u69cb\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5728<\/strong><strong>1960 <\/strong><strong>\u5e74\u4ee3\u88ab\u7834\u89e3<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u6b64\u9019\u822c\u7684\u7684\u5728\u9054\u723e\u6587\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u6f14\u5316\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u4e00\u767e\u5e74\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u78ba\u7acb\u4e86\u651c\u5e36\u907a\u50b3\u8a0a\u606f\u8005\u4e43\u662fDNA\u9019\u500b\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4e2d\u7684\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4e14\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u8cea\u5167\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u4e0a\u88fd\u9020\u51fa\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4f86\u3002\u4f46\u662fDNA \u8207\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5b83\u5011\u4f4d\u65bc\u6838\u5c01\u5957\u4e2d\u7684\u4e0d\u540c\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u76f8\u4e92\u7684\u63a5\u89f8\uff08\u5716\u4e8c\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u57281960 \u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u521d\u671f\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\u662f\u5148\u88ab\u62f7\u8c9d\u5230\u4e00\u500bRNA\u5206\u5b50\uff08\u5716\u4e09\uff09\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u8a0a\u606fRNA \uff08mRNA\uff09\uff0cmRNA\u79fb\u52d5\u5230\u6838\u5916\u800c\u88ab\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u6240\u6514\u622a\uff0c\u800c\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u5247\u4ee5mRNA\u70ba\u85cd\u672c\u4f86\u88fd\u9020\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_366\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-366\" style=\"width: 543px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e09.JPG\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-366\" title=\"\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e09\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e09.JPG\" alt=\"\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e09\" width=\"543\" height=\"609\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e09.JPG 754w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e09-600x673.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 543px) 100vw, 543px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-366\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5f9eDNA\u5230\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u6b65\u9a5f\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5f8c\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u904b\u7528\u4eba\u5de5\u5408\u6210\u7684mRNA \u8207\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u5728\u8a66\u7ba1\u4e2d\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5f88\u5feb\u7684\u7834\u89e3\u4e86\u57fa\u56e0\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u3002\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u8b80\u53d6\u4e86\u5728mRNA \u4e2d\u7531\u6bcf\u4e09\u500b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\uff08codon\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u88ab\u627e\u5230\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u662fUUU\uff0c\u5b83\u88ab\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u8f49\u8b6f\u6210\u82ef\u4e19\u80fa\u9178\uff08phenylalanine\uff09\u9019\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u3002\u7e3d\u5171\u670964\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca20\u500b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u67d0\u4e9b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u662f\u7531\u6578\u500b\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u6240\u4ee3\u8868\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8b80\u53d6\u7684\u52d5\u4f5c\u662f\u7531\u53e6\u4e00\u500bRNA \u5206\u5b50\u4f86\u57f7\u884c\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u8f49\u79fbRNA\uff08tRNA\uff09\uff0c\u5728tRNA \u7684\u4e00\u7aef\u6709\u4e00\u7d44\u53cd\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\uff0c\u5b83\u8207\u4e00\u7d44\u5728\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u4e0a\u7684mRNA \u4e2d\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u76f8\u914d\u5c0d\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\uff0c\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u6240\u914d\u5c0d\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5716\u56dbX \u5149\u7e5e\u5c04\u5149\u8b5c\u6cd5\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u4ee5\u540c\u6b65\u8f3b\u5c04\u5100\u4f86\u7522\u751fX\u5149\uff0c\u7576\u5149\u7dda\u649e\u64ca\u5230\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u6642\u7522\u751f\u7e5e\u5c04\uff0c\u5728CCD\u5075\u6aa2\u5668\u4e0a\u7522\u751f\u4e0a\u767e\u842c\u7684\u9ed1\u9ede\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5206\u6790\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u986f\u73fe\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u6b64\u6d6e\u73fe\u4e86\u751f\u547d\u57fa\u672c\u904b\u4f5c\u7684\u5716\u50cf\uff1a\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5982\u4f55\u7531DNA\u6d41\u5230RNA\u800c\u8f49\u6210\u9176\u4ee5\u53ca\u4e00\u4e9b\u5176\u5b83\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u9019\u500b\u5716\u50cf\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u7c21\u7565\uff0c\u6b63\u5982\u83ef\u751f\u57281964\u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u7bc7\u56de\u9867\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u6240\u6307\u51fa\u7684\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u5e78\u7684\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\u4e0a\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u4e00\u500b\u5206\u5b50\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\uff0c\u9664\u975e\u6211\u5011\u5148\u80fd\u77e5\u9053\u5b83\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u300d\u4e00\u76f4\u7b49\u52302000\u5e74\uff0c\u624d\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u6e05\u695a\u986f\u793a\u90a3\u4e9b\u539f\u5b50\u5230\u5e95\u4f4d\u65bc\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u4e0a\u54ea\u4e9b\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_369\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-369\" style=\"width: 601px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-369\" title=\"\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u56db\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u56db.jpg\" alt=\"\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u56db\" width=\"601\" height=\"220\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u56db.jpg 601w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u56db-600x220.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 601px) 100vw, 601px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-369\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">X\u5149\u7e5e\u5c04\u5149\u8b5c\u6cd5\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u4ee5\u540c\u6b65\u8f3b\u5c04\u5100\u4f86\u7522\u751fX\u5149\uff0c\u7576\u5149\u7dda\u649e\u64ca\u5230\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u6642\u7522\u751f\u7e5e\u5c04\uff0c\u5728CCD\u5075\u6aa2\u5668\u4e0a\u7522\u751f\u4e0a\u767e\u842c\u7684\u9ed1\u9ede\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5206\u6790\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5c08\u9580\u7684\u8edf\u9ad4\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u986f\u73fe\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u5716\u50cf(\u53f3\u5716)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>Ada Yonath <\/strong><strong>\u2014<\/strong><strong>\u610f\u5fd7\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u958b\u62d3\u8005<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u77f3\u7834\u5929\u9a5a\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u4e00\u4f4d\u947d\u7814\u8457\u672a\u66fe\u88ab\u67d3\u6307\u9818\u57df\u7684\u958b\u62d3\u8005\uff0c\u5c24\u5a1c\u65af\u5c31\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u3002\u57281970\u5e74\u4ee3\u672b\u671f\uff0c\u5979\u6c7a\u5b9a\u53d6\u5f97\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684X\u5149\u7e5e\u5c04\u6676\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5728\u90a3\u500b\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u9032\u884cX\u5149\u7e5e\u5c04\u5149\u8b5c\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u5c07X\u5149\u7784\u6e96\u4e00\u9846\u6676\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e00\u500b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff08\u5716\u56db\uff09\uff0c\u7576\u5149\u7dda\u649e\u64ca\u5230\u539f\u5b50\u6642\u5b83\u5011\u88ab\u6563\u5c04\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u7d00\u9304\u4e0b\u5149\u7dda\u88ab\u5982\u4f55\u6563\u958b\uff0c\u5728\u4e4b\u524d\u9019\u662f\u5229\u7528\u7167\u76f8\u5e95\u7247\u4f86\u505a\u5230\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u88ab\u5149\u7dda\u7167\u9ed1\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5247\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u6578\u4f4d\u5f0f\u7167\u76f8\u6a5f\u4e2d\u6240\u4f7f\u7528\u7684CCD\u5075\u6aa2\u5668\uff08\u9019\u4e5f\u662f2009\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u7684\u7126\u9ede\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u5206\u6790\u9ed1\u9ede\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b9a\u51fa\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u4e2d\u5404\u539f\u5b50\u5ea7\u843d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e0c\u671b\u9019\u7a2e\u5be6\u9a57\u80fd\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u5247\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\u8fd1\u4e4e\u5b8c\u7f8e\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u624d\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u51fa\u7cbe\u78ba\u7684\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u4e0d\u65b7\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u7684\u5716\u6848\uff1b\u5e36\u8457\u4e00\u9ede\u7684\u904b\u6c23\uff0c\u7576\u9e7d\u6c34\u6162\u6162\u7684\u63ee\u767c\u6642\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f97\u5230\u6f02\u4eae\u7684\u9e7d\u6676\u9ad4\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u82e5\u5c07\u4e00\u76c6\u9e7d\u6c34\u716e\u4e7e\uff0c\u9e7d\u53ea\u6703\u5728\u76c6\u5e95\u5f62\u6210\u4e00\u7247\u55ae\u8abf\u7684\u9e7d\u5c64\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u6703\u5f97\u5230\u6216\u591a\u6216\u5c11\u6709\u7528\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff0c\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\u4ea6\u9069\u7528\u5728\u53d6\u5f97X\u5149\u7e5e\u5c04\u7d1a\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\uff0c\u53ea\u4e0d\u904e\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u9ad8\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6676\u9ad4\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u975e\u5e38\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u932f\u5408\u7269\u8d8a\u9f90\u5927\uff0c\u9019\u4efd\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u8d8a\u8271\u96e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\u8a31\u591a\u4eba\u5c0d\u5c24\u5a1c\u65af\u7684\u773c\u5149\u9817\u70ba\u61f7\u7591\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u6700\u70ba\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\/RNA\u932f\u5408\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5b83\u5206\u70ba\u5169\u500b\u90e8\u4efd\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u5c0f\u55ae\u5143\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u55ae\u5143\u3002\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u5c0f\u55ae\u5143\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u7684RNA\u5206\u5b50\u8207\u5927\u7d0432\u500b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u5927\u55ae\u5143\u5247\u662f\u7531\u4e09\u500bRNA\u5206\u5b50\u8207\u5927\u7d0446\u500b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6240\u7d44\u6210\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u5143\u90fd\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u5343\u500b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u548c\u4e0a\u5343\u500b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u63db\u8a00\u4e4b\u5c31\u662f\u7531\u4e0a\u842c\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u6240\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u800c\u5c24\u5a1c\u65af\u4f01\u5716\u5efa\u7acb\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u7cbe\u78ba\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6eab\u6cc9\u8207\u6b7b\u6d77<\/strong><strong>\u2014 <\/strong><strong>\u8d8a\u56b4\u9177\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u5f97\u5230\u8d8a\u597d\u7684\u6676\u9ad4<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u5c24\u5a1c\u65af\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5c07\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7d50\u6676\u51fa\u4f86\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u9078\u64c7\u4f7f\u7528\u5728\u56b4\u9177\u7684\u689d\u4ef6\u4e0b\u751f\u5b58\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\u3002\u55dc\u71b1\u687f\u83cc\uff08<em>Geobacillus stearothermophilus<\/em>\uff09\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u5b58\u5728\u6eab\u6cc9\u4e2d\u4e14\u53ef\u4ee5\u5fcd\u8010\u9ad8\u905475\u2103\u7684\u6eab\u5ea6\uff0c\u5c24\u5a1c\u65af\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\uff0c\u8981\u9069\u61c9\u9019\u7a2e\u689d\u4ef6\uff0c\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u5fc5\u9808\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u7a69\u5b9a\uff0c\u4e5f\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u6210\u8f03\u4f73\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u3002<\/p>\n<p><em> <\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u57281980\u5e74\u5979\u5df2\u7d93\u8a2d\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u5927\u55ae\u5143\u4e4b\u6676\u9ad4\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u500b\u6676\u9ad4\u96e2\u5b8c\u7f8e\u9084\u5f88\u9060\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u5df2\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u6210\u5c31\u3002\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u53c8\u82b1\u4e8620\u5e74\u7684\u8f9b\u82e6\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u5c24\u5a1c\u65af\u8a2d\u6cd5\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u4e00\u5f35\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u800c\u5f9e\u5176\u4e2d\u53ef\u5b9a\u51fa\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u5979\u5617\u8a66\u904e\u8a31\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5979\u5c07\u6676\u9ad4\u51b7\u51cd\u5728-196\u2103\u7684\u6db2\u614b\u6c2e\u4e2d\u4ee5\u7a69\u5b9a\u6676\u9ad4\uff0c\u5979\u4e5f\u5617\u8a66\u904e\u7d50\u6676\u5176\u5b83\u5177\u6709\u8010\u529b\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e4b\u4e00\u662f\u9644\u8fd1\u627e\u5230\u7684\u2014\u4e00\u7a2e\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6b7b\u6d77\u7684\u55dc\u9e7d\u83cc\uff08<em>Haloarcula marismorlui<\/em><em>\uff09<\/em>\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u6b65\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\uff0c\u5c24\u5a1c\u65af\u7d42\u65bc\u63a5\u8fd1\u4e86\u5979\u7684\u76ee\u6a19\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u56e0\u6b64\u9ad4\u8a8d\u5230\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u88ab\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u6709\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u52a0\u5165\u4e86\u9019\u5834\u7af6\u8cfd\uff0c\u53f2\u5854\u8332\u8207\u7f85\u66fc\u5947\u9808\u90a3\u6b63\u662f\u5176\u4e2d\u5169\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u4e00\u500b\u7531\u6578\u767e\u842c\u9ed1\u9ede\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5716\u5f62\u6240\u5305\u8986\u7684\u610f\u7fa9<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u57281990\u5e74\u4ee3\u5c24\u5a1c\u65af\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u5df2\u7d93\u5177\u6709\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u4e0d\u932f\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u9ed1\u9ede\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5716\u6848\u5df2\u7d93\u8a73\u7d30\u5230\u8db3\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u6676\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u7136\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u76f8\u7576\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\u969c\u7919\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u662fX\u5149\u7e5e\u5c04\u5149\u8b5c\u4e2d\u7684\u300c\u76f8\u4f4d\u554f\u984c\u300d\u70ba\u4e86\u5f9e\u9ed1\u9ede\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5716\u6848\u6c7a\u5b9a\u51fa\u4e00\u500b\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u9700\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u9ed1\u9ede\u7684\u300c\u76f8\u4f4d\u89d2\u5ea6\uff08phase angle\uff09\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u60a0\u95dc\u539f\u5b50\u5728\u6676\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u70ba\u4e86\u6c7a\u5b9a\u76f8\u4f4d\u89d2\u5ea6\u6642\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u62db\u6578\u5c31\u662f\u5c07\u4e4b\u6d78\u5165\u4e00\u4e9b\u91cd\u539f\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u6c5e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u91cd\u539f\u5b50\u5c07\u6703\u9644\u8457\u65bc\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u8868\u9762\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u6bd4\u8f03\u6709\u9644\u8457\u91cd\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u6c92\u6709\u9644\u8457\u91cd\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u7e5e\u5c04\u5716\u6848\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u76f8\u4f4d\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\u7531\u65bc\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7684\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8868\u9762\u9644\u8457\u4e86\u904e\u591a\u7684\u91cd\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5f88\u96e3\u7acb\u523b\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5176\u76f8\u4f4d\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u53d6\u5f97\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6700\u7d42\u662f\u7531\u53f2\u5854\u8332\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ed6\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u7531\u4e00\u4f4d\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u5c08\u5bb6Joachim Frank\u6240\u53d6\u5f97\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u5716\u50cf\uff0c\u900f\u904e\u9019\u4e9b\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u53f2\u5854\u8332\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u51fa\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u5728\u6676\u9ad4\u4e2d\u5ea7\u843d\u7684\u65b9\u4f4d\u5982\u4f55\uff08\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u89e3\u6790\u5ea6\u7121\u6cd5\u8b93\u4ed6\u5224\u5b9a\u500b\u5225\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\uff09\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u8cc7\u8a0a\u7d50\u5408\u4e86\u7531\u91cd\u539f\u5b50\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u5f97\u5230\u4e86\u76f8\u4f4d\u89d2\u5ea6\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>20 <\/strong><strong>\u5e74\u5de5\u4f5c\u5f8c\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u57281998\u5e74\uff0c\u53f2\u5854\u8332\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u5927\u55ae\u5143\u4e4b\u6676\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5b83\u50cf\u662f\u4e00\u5f35\u6a21\u7cca\u7684\u76f8\u7247\uff0c\u5177\u67099 \u00c5\uff081 \u00c5 \u7b49\u65bc\u4e00\u6beb\u7c73\u7684\u767e\u842c\u5206\u4e4b\u4e00\uff09\u7684\u89e3\u6790\u5ea6\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u89e3\u6790\u5ea6\u7121\u6cd5\u770b\u5230\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\uff0c\u4f46\u7684\u78ba\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u90a3\u5e7e\u500b\u5f88\u9577\u7684RNA\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5177\u6709\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6027\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u73fe\u5728\u76f8\u4f4d\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u7d42\u65bc\u89e3\u6c7a\uff0c\u5269\u4e0b\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u53bb\u6539\u9032\u6676\u9ad4\u7684\u54c1\u8cea\u4ee5\u53ca\u6536\u53d6\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u589e\u52a0\u5716\u50cf\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\uff0c\u800c\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u5011\u5e7e\u4e4e\u540c\u6642\u7684\u62b5\u9054\u7d42\u9ede\u7dda\u3002\u57282000\u5e74\u7684\u516b\u6708\u53ca\u4e5d\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u8868\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u4e4b\u89e3\u6790\u5ea6\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u80fd\u89e3\u51fa\u5404\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u53f2\u5854\u8332\u8a2d\u6cd5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u7531\u55dc\u9e7d\u83cc\u4e4b\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u5927\u55ae\u5143\u4e4b\u7d50\u69cb\uff1b\u5c24\u5a1c\u65af\u8207\u7f85\u66fc\u5947\u9808\u90a3\u5f9e<em>Thermus thermophilus<\/em>\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5c0f\u55ae\u5143\u4e4b\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u73fe\u5728\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6700\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5c64\u6b21\u7e6a\u88fd\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5c0f\u55ae\u5143\u7684\u201c\u96d9\u91cd\u6aa2\u9a57\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u9577\u4e45\u4ee5\u4f86\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u7684\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u7576\u5b83\u5728\u8f49\u8b6fDNA\/RNA \u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6210\u70ba\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u6642\uff0c\u5f88\u5c11\u6703\u72af\u932f\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4e00\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u88ab\u932f\u8aa4\u7684\u7f6e\u5165\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5c07\u6703\u55aa\u5931\u5176\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6216\u66f4\u7cdf\u7684\u5177\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u8b93\u4e00\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u88ab\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u9078\u53d6\uff0c\u6700\u4e3b\u8981\u6c7a\u5b9a\u65bctRNA \u8207mRNA \u4e4b\u9593\u751f\u6210\u7684\u9e7c\u57fa\u914d\u5c0d\uff08\u5716\u4e09\uff09\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u9019\u500b\u914d\u5c0d\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\u4e0d\u8db3\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u7cbe\u6e96\u5ea6\u3002\u7f85\u66fc\u5947\u9808\u90a3\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u5c0f\u55ae\u5143\u4e4b\u6676\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u77ad\u89e3\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u9054\u6210\u5176\u7cbe\u6e96\u5ea6\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7a31\u4e4b\u70ba\u5206\u5b50\u5c3a\u898f\u7684\u6771\u897f\uff08\u5716\u4e09\uff09\uff0c\u5728\u5c0f\u55ae\u5143\u4e2d\u7684rRNA\u7684\u6578\u500b\u6838\u82f7\u9178\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u91cf\u5ea6\u5728mRNA \u4e0a\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u8207tRNA \u4e0a\u7684\u53cd\u5bc6\u78bc\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u8ddd\u96e2\u4e0d\u5c0d\uff0ctRNA\u5206\u5b50\u5c31\u6703\u5f9e\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u4e0a\u812b\u843d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7528\u9019\u628a\u5c3a\u91cf\u5169\u6b21\uff0c\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u96d9\u91cd\u7684\u6aa2\u9a57\u662f\u5426\u4e00\u5207\u6b63\u78ba\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b49\u932f\u8aa4\u767c\u751f\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u53ea\u6703\u5728\u6bcf\u5341\u842c\u500b\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u4e2d\u51fa\u73fe\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u5927\u55ae\u5143\u5c07\u73cd\u73e0\u4e32\u6210\u93c8<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u5927\u55ae\u5143\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u5408\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\uff0c\u5b83\u89f8\u767c\u4e86\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u80dc\u80bd\u9375\u4e4b\u751f\u6210\u3002\u8981\u5f97\u5230\u9019\u500b\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u5716\u50cf\u662f\u5f88\u56f0\u96e3\u7684\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u662f\u4ee5\u4e00\u500b\u9a5a\u4eba\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u767c\u751f\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u4e00\u7684\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u4e0a\uff0c\u6bcf\u79d2\u9418\u5927\u7d04\u53ef\u4ee5\u751f\u621020 \u500b\u80dc\u80bd\u9375\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u53f2\u5854\u8332\u537b\u8a2d\u6cd5\u51cd\u7d50\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u5316\u5b78\u53cd\u61c9\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6642\u523b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c07\u5927\u55ae\u5143\u8207\u5728\u80dc\u80bd\u9375\u751f\u6210\u6642\u6240\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u985e\u4f3c\u7269\uff0c\u5171\u540c\u7d50\u6676\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u85c9\u8457\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\uff0c\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u5df2\u7d93\u53ef\u4ee5\u6c7a\u5b9a\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u54ea\u4e9b\u539f\u5b50\u5c0d\u53cd\u61c9\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u53cd\u61c9\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u767c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2009\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u5011\u6253\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u77ad\u89e3\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u5927\u81ea\u7136\u5982\u4f55\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u7c21\u55ae\u5230\u7531\u56db\u500b\u5b57\u6bcd\u6240\u7d44\u5408\u51fa\u7684\u5bc6\u78bc\uff0c\u8f49\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u5982\u751f\u547d\u9ad4\u672c\u8eab\u2014\u6b63\u5982\u83ef\u751f\u57281964\u5e74\u6240\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u3002\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u7531\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u6240\u9a45\u7b56\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4e5f\u5982\u540c\u904e\u53bb\u591a\u6b21\u767c\u751f\u7684\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u5177\u6709\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u904b\u7528\u6027\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u6b21\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u5c0d\u65bc\u65b0\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u7814\u767c\u8b49\u5be6\u662f\u5f88\u6709\u7528\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_370\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-370\" style=\"width: 260px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-370\" title=\"\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e94\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2009\/10\/\u5716\u4e94.JPG\" alt=\"\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5716\u4e94\" width=\"260\" height=\"242\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-370\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u4e00\u5f35\u7d30\u83cc\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684X \u5149\u7e5e\u5c04\u7d50\u69cb\u3002rRNA \u5206\u5b50\u6a19\u4ee5\u6a59\u8272\uff0c\u5c0f\u55ae\u5143\u4e4b \u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6a19\u4ee5\u85cd\u8272\uff0c\u5927\u55ae\u5143\u4e4b\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6a19\u4ee5\u7da0\u8272\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u7814\u7a76\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u69cb\u4ee5\u8a2d\u8a08\u66f4\u65b0\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u3002<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4<\/strong><strong> \u2014 <\/strong><strong>\u4e00\u7a2e\u65b0\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u6a19\u7684\u7269<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5929\u4eba\u985e\u64c1\u6709\u5404\u7a2e\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u7684\u5f48\u85e5\u5eab\uff0c\u7528\u4f86\u5c0d\u6297\u7522\u751f\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u6bba\u6b7b\u7d30\u83cc\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u662f\u963b\u7919\u5176\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4e0d\u904e\u7d30\u83cc\u4e5f\u6703\u4ee5\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u5fc3\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u5c0d\u9019\u4e9b\u85e5\u7269\u7522\u751f\u6297\u62d2\u529b\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u65b0\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u4e09\u4f4d\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u90fd\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u8207\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e9b\u963b\u585e\u4e86\u6210\u9577\u4e2d\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u812b\u96e2\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u7ba1\u9053\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u4e9b\u9632\u6b62\u4e86\u80fa\u57fa\u9178\u4e4b\u9593\u751f\u6210\u80dc\u80bd\u9375\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7834\u58de\u4e86\u5c07DNA\/RNA \u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u8f49\u8b6f\u6210\u70ba\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e4b\u904e\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u597d\u5e7e\u500b\u516c\u53f8\u73fe\u5728\u904b\u7528\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u4f86\u958b\u767c\u65b0\u7684\u6297\u751f\u7d20\uff08\u5716\u4e94\uff09\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u85e5\u7269\u5df2\u7d93\u9032\u5165\u4e86\u81e8\u5e8a\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u80fd\u89e3\u6c7a\u591a\u91cd\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u75c5\u83cc\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u6297\u85e5\u6027\u91d1\u9ec3\u8272\u8461\u8404\u7403\u83cc\uff1bMRSA\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u77ad\u89e3\u6838\u7cd6\u9ad4\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u548c\u529f\u80fd\u5c0d\u4eba\u985e\u5177\u6709\u6975\u91cd\u8981\u4e14\u7acb\u5373\u7684\u904b\u7528\uff0c\u5c24\u5a1c\u65af\u3001\u53f2\u5854\u8332\u8207\u7f85\u66fc\u5947\u9808\u90a3\u7684\u6210\u5c31\uff0c\u4e0d\u50c5\u5c0d\u77ad\u89e3\u751f\u547d\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5982\u4f55\u7684\u904b\u4f5c\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u91cd\u8981\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u80fd\u633d\u6551\u8a31\u591a\u7684\u751f\u547d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><br \/>\n\u25a0 \u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5b98\u65b9\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u82f1\u6587\u539f\u6587<a href=\"\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5b98\u65b9\u516c\u5e03\u7684\u539f\u6587\" target=\"_blank\">\u9ede\u6b64\u4e0b\u8f09<\/a><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<p><strong> <\/strong><\/p>\n<pre><span style=\"color: #800000;\"><strong>\u8b6f\u8005\u5f8c\u8a18\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/pre>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u5341\u6708\u4e00\u865f\u8b6f\u8005\u5230\u5efa\u4e2d\u7d66\u4e86\u4e00\u5834\u5197\u9577\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u662f\u300c\u5f9e\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u4f86\u770b\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u300d\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u9019\u6b21\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u53ef\u4ee5\u6b78\u7d0d\u51fa\uff0c\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u4e0a\u534a\u8449\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u767c\u5c55\u5728\u65bc\u9451\u5b9a\u8a31\u591a\u5f9e\u751f\u547d\u6709\u6a5f\u9ad4\u6240\u5206\u96e2\u51fa\u4f86\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6709\u6a5f\u7269\u8cea\u4e4b\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u91a3\u3001\u560c\u5464\u3001\u8272\u6599\u3001\u841c\u54c1\u3001\u7dad\u4ed6\u547d\u3001\u985e\u56fa\u9187\u8207\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\u7b49\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u4e5f\u96a8\u4f34\u8457\u9019\u4e9b\u5316\u5408\u7269\u7684\u5408\u6210\u767c\u5c55\u8207\u5176\u751f\u7406\u6d3b\u6027\u7684\u63a2\u8a0e\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u7dad\u4ed6\u547d\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6709\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u671f\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u7d66\u4e88\u5f97\u76f8\u7576\u5bc6\u96c6\u3002\u7d9c\u5408\u5217\u65bc\u4e0b\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>1902 <strong>Hermann Emil Fischer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u91a3\u8207\u560c\u5464\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n<p>1905 <strong>Adolf von Baeyer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u6709\u6a5f\u67d3\u6599\u8207\u9084\u539f\u614b\u7684\u82b3\u9999\u65cf\u985e\u5316\u5408\u7269\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n<p>1910 <strong>OttoWallach<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u74b0\u70f7\u985e\u5982\u841c\u54c1\u7b49\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n<p>1915 <strong>Richard MartinWillst\u00e4tter<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u690d\u7269\u76f8\u95dc\u8272\u6599\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u8449\u7da0\u7d20\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n<p>1927 <strong>Heinrich OttoWieland<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u81bd\u9178\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u53ca\u76f8\u95dc\u7269\u8cea\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n<p>1928 <strong>AdolfWindaus<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u56fa\u9187\u985e\u53ca\u5176\u8207\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7dad\u4ed6\u547d\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n<p>1930 <strong>Hans Fischer<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u539f\u8840\u7d05\u7d20\u8449\u7da0\u7d20\u53ca\u539f\u8840\u7d05\u7d20\u4e4b\u5408\u6210\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n<p>1937<strong>Walter Norman Haworth<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u78b3\u6c34\u5316\u5408\u7269\u53ca\u7dad\u4ed6\u547dC \u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n<p><strong>Paul Karre<\/strong>r<\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u7d05\u7f85\u8514\u7d20\u9ec3\u7d20\u53ca\u7dad\u4ed6\u547dA \u8207B2 \u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n<p>1938 <strong>Richard Kuhn<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u7d05\u7f85\u8514\u7d20\u9ec3\u7d20\u53ca\u7dad\u4ed6\u547dB2 \u8207B6 \u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n<p>1939 <strong>Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u6027\u8377\u723e\u8499\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n<p><strong>Leopold Ruzicka<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e3b\u8981\u5728\u591a\u70ef\u985e\u8207\u9ad8\u968e\u841c\u54c1\u5982\u81bd\u56fa\u9187\u7684\u5353\u8d8a\u8ca2\u737b<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u5f9e\u800c\u6211\u5011\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e0d\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u4e8c\u5341\u4e00\u4e16\u8a18\u7684\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e9b\u8207\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u518d\u5ea6\u6975\u70ba\u5bc6\u96c6\u7684\u8e8d\u4e0a\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7684\u821e\u53f0\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u8207\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u5b83\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u4ee5\u53ca\u529f\u80fd\uff1a<\/span><\/p>\n<p>2002 <strong>John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u7684\u8cea\u8b5c\u5206\u6790\u6280\u8853\u5728\u751f\u7269\u5de8\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u5206\u6790\u4e0a\u7684\u904b\u7528<\/p>\n<p><strong>KurtW\u00fcthrich<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u65b0\u7684\u6838\u78c1\u5171\u632f\u5149\u8b5c\u5206\u6790\u6280\u8853\u5728\u6c7a\u5b9a\u751f\u7269\u5de8\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u4e09\u7dad\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u7684\u904b\u7528<\/p>\n<p>2003 <strong>PeterAgre<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u6c34\u901a\u9053\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n<p><strong>Roderick MacKinnon<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u96e2\u5b50\u901a\u9053\u7684\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n<p>2004 <strong>Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko, Irwin Rose<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u767c\u73fe\u7531\u6cdb\u7d20\u6240\u5a92\u4ecb\u7684\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5206\u89e3<\/p>\n<p>2006 <strong>Roger D. Kornberg<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u771f\u6838\u751f\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u8a0a\u606f\u8f49\u9304\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n<p>2008 <strong>Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie, Roger Y. Tsien<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u7da0\u8272\u87a2\u5149\u86cb\u767d\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u548c\u7814\u7a76<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800000;\">\u5728\u6f14\u8b1b\u4e2d\u6211\u5728\u4e0a\u8868\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5217\u52a0\u4e862009 \u5e74\u7684\u4e00\u6b04\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc\u5176\u5f8c\u653e\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u865f\uff0c\u6211\u7576\u6642\u7684\u610f\u601d\u6697\u6307\u5f9e\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8da8\u52e2\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u82e5\u662f\u4eca\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u53c8\u7d66\u4e86\u8207\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u9818\u57df\u7d55\u975e\u610f\u5916\u3002\u679c\u4e0d\u5176\u7136\uff0c\u6628\u65e5\uff08\u5341\u6708\u4e03\u865f\uff09\u508d\u665a\u516c\u4f48\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u6b63\u662f\u5982\u6b64\uff01\u9019\u4e00\u6b21\u4ecd\u7136\u662f\u8207\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u56de\u5230\u4e86\u86cb\u767d\u8cea\u5728\u751f\u547d\u9ad4\u5167\u5408\u6210\u7684\u6e90\u982d\uff0c\u4ee5\u539f\u5b50\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u6e05\u6670\u5ea6\u4f86\u63cf\u7e6a\u5176\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u8db3\u8b49\u5316\u5b78\u5c0d\u751f\u547d\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n<pre><strong><span style=\"color: #800000;\">?\u672c\u6587\u70ba\u53f0\u5927\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb\u8521\u860a\u660e\u6559\u6388\u63d0\u4f9b\uff0c\u62dc\u8a2a\u4ed6\u7684<a href=\"http:\/\/www.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/~ymtsai\/Chinese.htm\" target=\"_blank\">\u500b\u4eba\u7db2\u7ad9<\/a><\/span><\/strong><\/pre>\n<p><strong><span style=\"color: #003366;\">\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f\uff1aMissZoe<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The key to life at t<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1027,32,3293,26],"tags":[25,37,2249,33,81,36,177,38],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/354"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=354"}],"version-history":[{"count":30,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/354\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":5527,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/354\/revisions\/5527"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=354"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=354"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=354"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}