{"id":35145,"date":"2020-04-14T00:24:10","date_gmt":"2020-04-13T16:24:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=35145"},"modified":"2020-04-14T10:31:11","modified_gmt":"2020-04-14T02:31:11","slug":"high-%e5%88%b0%e6%9c%80%e9%ab%98%e9%bb%9e%e7%9a%84%e4%bb%a3%e5%83%b9%ef%bc%9a%e7%94%b2%e5%9f%ba%e5%ae%89%e9%9d%9e%e4%bb%96%e5%91%bd%e5%b0%8d%e8%85%a6%e9%83%a8%e5%8f%af%e8%83%bd%e9%80%a0%e6%88%90","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=35145","title":{"rendered":"High \u5230\u6700\u9ad8\u9ede\u7684\u4ee3\u50f9\uff1a\u7532\u57fa\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d\u5c0d\u8166\u90e8\u53ef\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u7684\u640d\u5bb3"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
\u5716\u7247\u7db2\u5740\uff1aunsplash.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u6587\uff0f\u5468\u739f\u8431<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7532\u57fa\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d (Methamphetamine) \u662f\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6700\u76db\u884c\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u85e5\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e4b\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b83\u4e26\u4e0d\u50cf\u9ad8\u7d14\u5ea6\u6d77\u6d1b\u82f1\u6216\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u90a3\u6a23\u6602\u8cb4\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u5316\u5de5\u77e5\u8b58\u5c31\u53ef\u7149\u88fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6839\u64da\u81fa\u7063\u885b\u670d\u90e8\u5728 2015 \u5e74\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\uff0c\u7532\u57fa\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d\u662f\u570b\u5167\u7b2c\u4e8c\u5e38\u898b\u7684\u975e\u6cd5\u85e5\u7269\uff0c\u7d04 5,600 \u4eba\u4f7f\u7528\u904e\u5b83\uff0c\u4f54\u901a\u5831\u6848\u4ef6\u7684 30%\u5de6\u53f3\uff0c\u884d\u751f\u51fa\u4e0d\u5c11\u793e\u6703\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u76ee\u524d\u591a\u6578\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u8a8d\u540c\uff0c\u5438\u98df\u7532\u57fa\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d\u6703\u4f7f\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u7f3a\u640d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f Fitzpatrick \u7b49\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u7121\u6cd5\u78ba\u5b9a\u5728\u7532\u57fa\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d\u6210\u766e\u8005\u8eab\u4e0a\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u5230\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7f3a\u640d\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u5b8c\u5168\u6b78\u56e0\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u85e5\u7269\u7684\u6feb\u7528\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u60a3\u8005\u672c\u8eab\u4e5f\u5177\u5099\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u766e\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6feb\u7528\u4f7f\u7136\uff1f\u56e0\u6b64 Fitzpatrick \u7b49\u4eba\u5c07\u628a\u9999\u83f8\u3001\u9152\u7cbe\u8207\u5927\u9ebb\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u5011\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6182\u9b31\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5217\u5165\u8003\u91cf\uff0c\u4f86\u6aa2\u8996\u7532\u57fa\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d\u8207\u8a8d\u77e5\u7f3a\u640d\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u5982\u4f55\u8a55\u4f30\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u7684\u885d\u52d5\u3001\u6c7a\u7b56\u8207\u8a18\u61b6\u529b\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Fitzpatrick \u9080\u8acb\u4e86108 \u4f4d\u7532\u57fa\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d\u6210\u766e\u8005\u4ee5\u53ca\u5065\u5eb7\u6c11\u773e\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u4e00\u4e9b\u6e2c\u9a57\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u7684\u80cc\u666f\u8cc7\u6599\u8abf\u67e5\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u5229\u7528\u5404\u9805\u795e\u7d93\u5fc3\u7406\u6e2c\u9a57\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u4f86\u8a55\u4f30\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u7684\u667a\u529b\u3001\u6c7a\u7b56\u80fd\u529b ( Decision-making )\u3001\u6d88\u9664\u6291\u5236 ( disinhibition ) \u4ee5\u53ca\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a18\u61b6 ( Working memory ) \u7b49\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u77ad\u89e3\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u540c\u6642\u4e5f\u7528\u300c\u6d41\u884c\u75c5\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6291\u9b31\u91cf\u8868 (The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale\uff1bCES-D) \u300d\uff0c\u4f86\u8abf\u67e5\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u7684\u6182\u9b31\u75c7\u75c5\u53f2\uff1b\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u6feb\u7528\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u8acb\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5229\u7528\u6642\u5e8f\u3001\u91cd\u8981\u65e5\u671f\u7b49\u63d0\u793a\uff0c\u4f86\u56de\u60f3\u7576\u6642\u7684\u6feb\u7528\u983b\u7387\u3001\u5291\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u6642\u9593\u9ede\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u9996\u5148\u8981\u5b8c\u6210\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u9805\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u300c\u5ef6\u9072\u6298\u6263\u4efb\u52d9 (Delay discounting task) \u300d\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u7528\u4f86\u8a55\u4f30\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5982\u4f55\u8861\u91cf\u916c\u8cde\u50f9\u503c\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u505a\u51fa\u6c7a\u65b7\u7684\u6e2c\u9a57\uff0c\u9996\u5148\u4ed6\u5011\u6703\u8b80\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u5047\u8a2d\u60c5\u5883\u984c\uff0c\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\u6703\u8acb\u4ed6\u5011\u505a\u51fa\u9078\u64c7\uff0c\u770b\u4ed6\u5011\u6bd4\u8f03\u60f3\u8981\u300c\u73fe\u5728\u300d\u5c31\u9818\u53d6\u300c\u5c11\u91cf\u300d\u7684\u734e\u52f5\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u300c\u7b49\u4e45\u4e00\u9ede\u300d\u518d\u9818\u53d6\u300c\u66f4\u6709\u50f9\u503c\u300d\u7684\u734e\u8cde\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u5be9\u614e\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\u3001\u7b49\u5f85\u8207\u591a\u6b21\u7df4\u7fd2\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u529f\u80fd\u8f03\u4f73\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u6162\u6162\u504f\u5411\u9078\u64c7\u5f8c\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n

\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u7684\u6e2c\u9a57\u662f\u300c\u611b\u8377\u83ef\u8ced\u5c40\u6e2c\u9a57 (Iowa Gambling Task) \u300d\uff0c\u9019\u5957\u6e2c\u9a57\u4e3b\u8981\u7531 A\u3001B\u3001C\u3001D \u56db\u7a2e\u5361\u724c\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u5176\u4e2d\u5169\u5f35\u5361\u7247\u53ef\u7372\u5f97\u5927\u984d\u5ea6\u734e\u8cde\uff0c\u4f46\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f86\u8aaa\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u5f97\u5230\u8f03\u5927\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\uff1b\u53cd\u89c0\u5176\u4ed6\u5361\u724c\uff0c\u734e\u8cde\u984d\u5ea6\u96d6\u5c0f\uff0c\u4f46\u96a8\u6a5f\u51fa\u73fe\u7684\u61f2\u7f70\u4e5f\u6bd4\u8f03\u5c0f\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6e2c\u9a57\u53ef\u7528\u4f86\u89c0\u5bdf\u53d7\u8005\u300c\u53d7\u734e\u52f5\u9a45\u52d5\u7684\u885d\u52d5\u6c7a\u7b56\u80fd\u529b (Reward-driven impulsive decision-making) \u300d\uff0c\u6b63\u5e38\u800c\u8a00\u6c7a\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\u6b63\u5e38\u7684\u4eba\u6703\u6162\u6162\u50be\u5411\u9078\u64c7\u300c\u5c0f\u300d\u5361\u724c\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u96d6\u7136\u734e\u8cde\u8f03\u5c11\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u80fd\u5920\u907f\u514d\u88ab\u300c\u7f70\u5f97\u592a\u91cd\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u5982\u679c\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u6709\u904e\u65bc\u885d\u52d5\u7684\u7279\u8cea\u6216\u6c7a\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u4f73\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u6703\u7121\u8996\u61f2\u7f70\u5e36\u4f86\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3001\u5805\u6301\u9078\u300c\u5927\u300d\u5361\u724c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e09\u500b\u795e\u7d93\u5fc3\u7406\u6e2c\u9a57\u70ba\u300c\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u8868\u73fe\u6e2c\u9a57 (Continuous Performance Test II)\u300d\uff0c\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5c07\u6703\u770b\u5230\u4e00\u9023\u4e32\u9023\u7e8c\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8981\u5c0d\u6240\u6709\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd X \u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u6309\u4e0b\u6309\u9375\uff0c\u4ee5\u6e2c\u91cf\u300c\u6d88\u9664\u6291\u5236 ( disinhibition ) \u300d\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5ffd\u7565\u898f\u7bc4\u3001\u96e3\u4ee5\u6291\u5236\u5f37\u52e2\u53cd\u786c\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u7279\u8cea\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u672c\u5be6\u9a57\u6709\u5c07\u8fd1 90 %\u7684\u5b57\u6bcd\u90fd\u662f\u4e0d\u662f \"X\"\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u9019\u6703\u662f\u76f8\u7576\u5177\u6709\u6311\u6230\u6027\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u8a55\u4f30\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u7531\u5169\u7a2e\u5de5\u5177\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u7a2e\u662f\u300c\u970d\u666e\u91d1\u65af\u8a5e\u8207\u5b78\u7fd2\u6e2c\u9a57 (Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised)\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u6e2c\u9a57\u4e00\u5171\u5206\u6210\u4e09\u56de\u5408\uff0c\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u90fd\u7531 12 \u500b\u8a5e\u8a9e\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u8a5e\u8a9e\u53ef\u88ab\u6b78\u7d0d\u70ba\u4e09\u7a2e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a9e\u610f\u985e\u5225 (\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5bb6\u5177\u3001\u52d5\u7269\u8207\u984f\u8272)\u3002\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5fc5\u9700\u5728\u807d\u5b8c\u7684 20 \u5206\u9418\u5f8c\uff0c\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u5c07\u5b83\u5011\u56de\u5831\u51fa\u4f86\uff1b\u300c\u6578-\u5b57\u5e8f\u5217\u6e2c\u9a57 (Letter Number Sequencing test)\u300d\u5247\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e9b\u4ea4\u932f\u7684\u6578\u5b57\u8ddf\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u7d44\u6210\uff0c\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5fc5\u9700\u8a18\u4f4f\u9019\u4e9b\u5b57\u4e32\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5c07\u82f1\u6587\u5b57\u6bcd\u6309\u7167\u9806\u5e8f\u6392\u5217\u3001\u6578\u5b57\u7531\u5c0f\u6392\u5230\u5927\u4f86\u56de\u5831\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u5c08\u5bb6\uff1a\u975e\u6cd5\u85e5\u7269\u5c0d\u6291\u5236\u3001\u6c7a\u7b56\u5f71\u97ff\u751a\u9245<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u63a7\u5236\u4e86\u6182\u9b31\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u667a\u5546\u3001\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8cea\u6feb\u7528\u4f7f\u4ee5\u5f8c\uff0c Fitzpatrick \u7b49\u4eba\u767c\u73fe\u7532\u57fa\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8207\u300c\u6d88\u9664\u6291\u5236\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u6c7a\u7b56\u80fd\u529b\u300d\u5448\u73fe\u8ca0\u76f8\u95dc\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\u5438\u98df\u60c5\u5f62\u8d8a\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u4eba\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u6700\u5dee\uff1b\u4f46\u662f\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a18\u61b6\u8207\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u7121\u986f\u8457\u5dee\u7570\uff1b\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a18\u61b6\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u843d\u5dee\u8207\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u667a\u5546\u8f03\u6709\u95dc\u806f\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u662f\u8207\u904e\u53bb\u5438\u98df\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d\u6709\u95dc\uff1b\u9019\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u7532\u57fa\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d\u6703\u6f38\u6f38\u640d\u5bb3\u524d\u984d\u8449\u3001\u7d0b\u72c0\u9ad4\u7b49\u8166\u5340\u7684\u6b63\u5e38\u904b\u4f5c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u975e\u6cd5\u85e5\u7269\u7684\u6feb\u7528\uff0c\u4e0d\u53ea\u6d88\u8017\u793e\u6703\u8cc7\u6e90\uff0c\u66f4\u53ef\u80fd\u7d66\u7576\u4e8b\u4eba\u5e36\u4f86\u8a31\u591a\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u6587\u737b\u56de\u9867\uff0c\u7532\u57fa\u5b89\u975e\u4ed6\u547d\u9020\u6210\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u7f3a\u640d\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u4f7f\u5438\u98df\u8005\u65e5\u5f8c\u96e3\u4ee5\u914d\u5408\u5fc3\u7406\u6cbb\u7642\u6216\u662f\u8077\u696d\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4ed6\u5011\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u91cd\u8fd4\u793e\u6703\uff0c\u9069\u61c9\u80fd\u529b\u4e5f\u5e38\u5e38\u8b93\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\u3002\u56e0\u6b64 Fitzpatrick \u7b49\u4eba\u76f8\u7576\u5efa\u8b70\u672a\u4f86\u81e8\u5e8a\u5fc3\u7406\u5e2b\u5728\u5b89\u6392\u6212\u6cbb\u8a08\u756b\u6642\uff0c\u76e1\u53ef\u80fd\u914d\u5408\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8abf\u6574\u6cbb\u7642\u7684\u6b65\u8abf\uff0c\u4f7f\u7642\u7a0b\u9054\u5230\u6700\u4f73\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8cc7\u6599\u4f86\u6e90\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Rebecca E. Fitzpatricka., Adam J. Rubenis., Dan I. Lubman., Antonio Verdejo-Garcia., Cognitive deficits in methamphetamine addiction: Independent contributions of dependence and intelligence., Drug and Alchohol Depedence., 2020<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Laura Stevens., Antonio Verdejo-Garc\u00eda., Anna E. Goudriaan., Herbert Roeyers., Geert Dom., Wouter Vanderplasschen., Impulsivity as a vulnerability factor for poor addiction treatment outcomes: A review of neurocognitive findings among individuals<\/a> with substance use disorders., Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment., 2014<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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