{"id":35079,"date":"2020-03-27T00:34:39","date_gmt":"2020-03-26T16:34:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=35079"},"modified":"2020-03-20T09:54:09","modified_gmt":"2020-03-20T01:54:09","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%8f%b2%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e4%b8%89%e6%9c%88%e3%80%911959-%e5%b9%b4-3-%e6%9c%88-29-%e6%97%a5%ef%bc%9a%e5%b8%83%e9%87%8c%e6%a0%bc%e6%96%af%ef%bc%88lyman-briggs%ef%bc%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=35079","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7269\u7406\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e09\u6708\u30111959 \u5e74 3 \u6708 29 \u65e5\uff1a\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\uff08Lyman Briggs\uff09\u767c\u8868\u68d2\u7403\u65cb\u8f49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>1959 \u5e74 3 \u6708 29 \u65e5\uff1a\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\uff08Lyman Briggs\uff09\u767c\u8868\u68d2\u7403\u65cb\u8f49\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u856d\u5982\u73c0\u3001\u694a\u4fe1\u7537\uff08\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\uff09\uff08\u8b6f\u81ea <em>APS News<\/em>\uff0c2019 \u5e74 3 \u6708\uff09<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35082\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35082\" style=\"width: 220px\" class=\"wp-caption alignright\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35082\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0302.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"220\" height=\"228\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35082\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Wikimedia Commons<br \/>\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\uff08Lyman Briggs\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u68d2\u7403\u6295\u624b\u8981\u6295\u51fa\u7368\u7279\u66f2\u7dda\u7403\u8ecc\u9053\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\u7403\u7684\u65cb\u8f49\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7403\u901f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u9ede\u8981\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\uff08Lyman Briggs\uff09\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u517c\u7d42\u8eab\u7684\u68d2\u7403\u8ff7\uff0c\u4ed6\u65bc 1950 \u5e74\u4ee3\u505a\u4e86\u98a8\u6d1e\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u5730\u78ba\u5b9a\u4e86\u7b54\u6848\u3002\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u505a\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u5728\u4ed6\u5f9e\u9577\u671f\u3001\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u7269\u7406\u751f\u6daf\u9000\u4f11\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u9019\u8b49\u660e\u5c0d\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u597d\u5947\u5fc3\u4e26\u7121\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u5e74\u9f61\u9650\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1874 \u5e74\uff0c\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u51fa\u751f\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5dde\u5df4\u7279\u6eaa\uff08Battle Creek, Michigan\uff09\uff0c\u7956\u5148\u65bc 1621 \u5e74\u6e21\u8457\u4e94\u6708\u82b1\u865f\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u8ca1\u5bcc\u865f\u53bb\u5230\u7f8e\u570b\u3002\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u5f9e\u672a\u4e0a\u904e\u4e2d\u5b78\uff0c\u4f46\u537b\u80fd\u8003\u9032\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u8fb2\u696d\u5b78\u9662\uff08\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5dde\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\uff09\uff0c4 \u5e74\u5f8c\u4ee5\u73ed\u4e0a\u7b2c 2 \u540d\u7562\u696d\u3002\u4ed6\u4e3b\u4fee\u8fb2\u696d\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u4ed6\u771f\u6b63\u7684\u8208\u8da3\u537b\u662f\u5728\u6a5f\u68b0\u5de5\u7a0b\u5b78\u548c\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u3002\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u65bc1895\u5e74\u5728\u4f4d\u65bc\u5b89\u7d0d\u4fdd\u7684\u5bc6\u897f\u6839\u5927\u5b78\u7372\u5f97\u7269\u7406\u78a9\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u65bc 1903 \u5e74\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u7d04\u7ff0\u2027\u970d\u5e03\u91d1\u65af\u5927\u5b78\u5b8c\u6210\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u65bc 1896 \u5e74\u4ecd\u5728\u5538\u5927\u5b78\u6642\u548c\u592a\u592a\u51f1\u85a9\u7433\u2027\u5eab\u514b\uff08Katherine Cooke\uff09\u7d50\u5a5a\uff08\u51f1\u85a9\u7433\u548c\u5973\u5152\u4f0a\u838e\u8c9d\u723e\u5f8c\u4f86\u4e00\u8d77\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u9ea5\u5e03\u4e8c\u5f0f\u4eba\u683c\u6e2c\u9a57\uff09\u3002\u5728\u5b8c\u6210\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u5f8c\uff0c\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u52a0\u5165\u7f8e\u570b\u8fb2\u696d\u90e8\uff0c\u5354\u52a9\u5efa\u7acb\u571f\u58e4\u7269\u7406\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u9818\u57df\u662f\u7814\u7a76\u690d\u7269\u7684\u74b0\u5883\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u690d\u7269\u7684\u6c34\u5206\u651d\u53d6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1920 \u5e74\uff0c\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u4efb\u8077\u65bc\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u6a19\u6e96\u5c40\uff08National Bureau of Standards\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u7684\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u6a19\u6e96\u8207\u6280\u8853\u7814\u7a76\u9662\uff0cNIST\uff09\uff0c\u4e3b\u7ba1\u5de5\u7a0b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u90e8\u9580\u3002\u4ed6\u548c\u5fb7\u840a\u767b\uff08Hugh L. Dryden\uff09\u505a\u4e86\u9ad8\u901f\u6a5f\u7ffc\u7a7a\u6c23\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u958b\u5275\u6027\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff1b\u4ed6\u9084\u548c\u6d77\u723e\uff08Paul Heyl\uff09\u5171\u540c\u767c\u660e\u5730\u78c1\u611f\u61c9\u5668\u7f85\u76e4\uff0c\u4ee5\u7528\u4f86\u6e2c\u5b9a\u548c\u5730\u7403\u78c1\u5834\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u98db\u6a5f\u65b9\u4f4d\uff08\u6797\u5fb7\u4f2f\u683c\u65bc\u4ed6 1927 \u5e74\u6b77\u53f2\u6027\u6a6b\u6e21\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u7684\u98db\u884c\u4e2d\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u6b64\u7f85\u76e4\uff09\u30021932 \u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u7e3d\u7d71\u80e1\u4f5b\u63d0\u540d\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u70ba\u7f8e\u570b\u570b\u5bb6\u6a19\u6e96\u5c40\u65b0\u5c40\u9577\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u7684\u570b\u6703\u540c\u610f\u88ab\u5ef6\u9072\u4e86\uff0c1933 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Peierls\uff09\u6240\u9818\u5c0e\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u5718\u968a\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u7d14\u5316\u7684 U-235 \u53ef\u88ab\u7528\u4f86\u88fd\u9020\u539f\u5b50\u5f48\u3002\u4e00\u500b\u5091\u51fa\u7684\u82f1\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u5c07\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5831\u544a\u9001\u7d66\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\uff0c\u4f46\u90fd\u7121\u4e0b\u6587\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d42\u65bc\uff0c\u6c23\u9912\u7684\u5967\u5229\u82ac\u7279\uff08Marcus Oliphant\uff0c\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd\u548c\u6d3e\u723e\u65af\u7684\u5c0e\u5e2b\uff09\u89aa\u81ea\u98db\u5230\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u53bb\u898b\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\uff0c\u537b\u5f88\u300c\u8a1d\u7570\u4e14\u82e6\u60f1\u300d\u5730\u767c\u73fe\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u53ea\u5c07\u5831\u544a\u653e\u9032\u4ed6\u7684\u4fdd\u96aa\u7bb1\uff0c\u4e26\u6c92\u62ff\u7d66\u4efb\u4f55\u4eba\u770b\u3002\u5967\u5229\u82ac\u7279\u5805\u6301\u8981\u548c\u923e\u8aee\u8a62\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\u7684\u5168\u9ad4\u6210\u54e1\u898b\u9762\uff0c\u624d\u7d42\u65bc\u8aaa\u670d\u7f8e\u570b\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u50be\u5168\u529b\u767c\u5c55\u539f\u5b50\u5f48\uff0c\u800c\u90a3\u6b21\u7684\u52aa\u529b\u7d42\u65bc\u6210\u70ba\u66fc\u54c8\u9813\u8a08\u5283\u3002\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u65bc 1945 \u5e74 72 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\u5e74\u4ee3\u5f37\u800c\u6709\u529b\u5730\u53cd\u99c1\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u4e0d\u76f8\u4fe1\u7403\u9053\u6703\u5f4e\u66f2\u55ce\uff1f\u563f\u563f\uff01\u7ad9\u5230\u6a39\u5f8c\u9762\u53bb\uff0c\u6211\u6703\u7528\u5149\u7dda\u7684\u5e7b\u89ba\u6253\u5230\u4f60\u300d\uff09\u3002\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u77e5\u9053\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u99ac\u683c\u52aa\u65af\u6548\u61c9\uff08Magnus Effect\uff0c\u65cb\u8f49\u7684\u7269\u9ad4\u901a\u904e\u6db2\u9ad4\u6642\uff0c\u6703\u906d\u53d7\u5dee\u58d3\u800c\u8b93\u7269\u9ad4\u504f\u8f49\u5f4e\u66f2\uff09\u626e\u6f14\u8457\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u4f46\u66f2\u7387\u6709\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u901f\u5ea6\uff0c\u591a\u5c11\u662f\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u7403\u7684\u65cb\u8f49\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p>\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u85c9\u8457\u7f8e\u570b\u8077\u68d2\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u53c3\u8b70\u54e1\u968a\u7684\u5e6b\u5fd9\uff0c\u5fb9\u5e95\u5730\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e86\u6b64\u722d\u8ad6\u3002\u6295\u624b\u5728\u683c\u91cc\u83f2\u65af\u7403\u5834\u6295\u7403\uff0c\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u7528\u983b\u9583\u76f8\u6a5f\u62cd\u4e0b\u7403\u7684\u9014\u5f91\uff0c\u62cd\u651d\u5230\u7403\u901f\u548c\u66f2\u7387\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u5f9e\u6c23\u69cd\u63a8\u7403\u51fa\u4f86\u505a\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u62cd\u4e0b\u7403\u7684\u98db\u884c\u9014\u5f91\u3002\u9019\u4e9b\u7403\u90fd\u505a\u4e86\u8a18\u865f\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u6e2c\u91cf\u65cb\u8f49\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u4e9b\u8a18\u865f\u592a\u5c0f\u4e86\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5728\u4e4b\u5f8c\u7684\u7167\u7247\u4e0a\u986f\u793a\u51fa\u4f86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u6539\u5c07\u68d2\u7403\u6295\u9032 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Condon\uff09\u7e7c\u4efb\u4ed6\u70ba\u570b\u5bb6\u6a19\u6e96\u5c40\u5c40\u9577\uff0c\u5ba3\u7a31\uff1a\u300c\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u61c9\u8a72\u4e00\u76f4\u88ab\u61f7\u5ff5\uff0c\u4ed6\u662f\u4e0a\u534a\u4e16\u7d00\u5728\u83ef\u5e9c\u5708\u5167\u5049\u5927\u7684\u4eba\u7269\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u806f\u90a6\u653f\u5e9c\u5c0d\u65bc\u79d1\u5b78\u5728\u63a2\u7d22\u4eba\u985e\u793e\u6703\u672a\u4f86\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4e2d\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u8a8d\u77e5\u7de9\u6162\u4e14\u8dcc\u8dcc\u649e\u649e\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_35081\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-35081\" style=\"width: 500px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-35081\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0301.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"500\" height=\"414\" srcset=\"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0301.png 500w, https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/03\/0301-300x248.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-35081\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Notre Dame University<br \/>\u5728\u98a8\u6d1e\u4e2d\uff0c\u6c23\u6d41\u6d41\u7d93\u65cb\u8f49\u4e2d\u7684\u68d2\u7403<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u68d2\u7403\u6295\u624b\u8981\u6295\u51fa\u7368\u7279\u66f2\u7dda\u7403\u8ecc\u9053\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5728\u65bc\u7403\u7684\u65cb\u8f49\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u7403\u901f\u3002\u6211\u5011\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u80fd\u4e86\u89e3\u9019\u9ede\u8981\u6b78\u529f\u65bc\u4e00\u4f4d\u540d\u53eb\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\uff08Lyman Briggs\uff09\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u517c\u7d42\u8eab\u7684\u68d2\u7403\u8ff7\uff0c\u4ed6\u65bc 1950 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