{"id":34750,"date":"2020-01-02T00:16:01","date_gmt":"2020-01-01T16:16:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=34750"},"modified":"2019-12-09T11:21:39","modified_gmt":"2019-12-09T03:21:39","slug":"%e7%82%ba%e4%bb%80%e9%ba%bc%e9%80%99%e9%ba%bc%e6%b8%b4%e6%9c%9b%e5%86%8d%e6%ac%a1%e5%be%97%e5%88%b0%e6%af%92%e5%93%81%e5%91%a2%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=34750","title":{"rendered":"\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u9019\u9ebc\u6e34\u671b\u518d\u6b21\u5f97\u5230\u6bd2\u54c1\u5462\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"\"\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u5468\u739f\u8431<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u904e\u53bb\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u544a\u8a34\u6211\u5011\uff0c\u6210\u766e\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6feb\u7528\u6703\u6539\u8b8a\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u5e36\u4f86\u7570\u5e38\u7684\u4ea2\u596e\u611f\uff08euphoria\uff09\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u4eba\u5011\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5c0d\u85e5\u7269\u76f8\u95dc\u7dda\u7d22\u904e\u5ea6\u95dc\u6ce8\u624d\u6703\u5c0e\u81f4\u6210\u766e\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u9019\u4e9b\u89c0\u9ede\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u4f7f\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u300c\u6210\u766e\uff08addiction\uff09\u300d\u6709\u8457\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u537b\u90fd\u5c1a\u672a\u80fd\u5920\u5b8c\u6574\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u9019\u500b\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cFranken\u7b49\u4eba\u88fd\u4f5c\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u6574\u5408\u6a21\u578b(model)\uff0c\u5206\u5225\u5c07\u300c\u795e\u7d93\u5fc3\u7406\u85e5\u7269\u6a5f\u5236(neuropsychopharmacological mechanism)\u300d\u4ee5\u53ca\u300c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u504f\u8aa4(attentional bias)\u300d\u5169\u5927\u6d3e\u5178\u7684\u89c0\u9ede\u878d\u5408\uff0c\u4ee5\u91d0\u6e05\u5927\u8166\u3001\u884c\u70ba\u8207\u300c\u6210\u766e(addiction)\u300d\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u806f\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u6e34\u6c42(Craving)\u5c0d\u6210\u766e\u884c\u70ba\u7684\u9a45\u52d5<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u8a0e\u8ad6Franken\u7b49\u4eba\u5982\u4f55\u5efa\u69cb\u6a21\u578b\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5fc5\u9700\u5148\u77ad\u89e3\u6210\u766e\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5143\u7d20 \u2500\u2500\u300c\u6e34\u6c42(craving)\u300d\uff0c\u6e34\u6c42\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u617e\u671b\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u505a\u51fa\u67d0\u4e9b\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u6eff\u8db3\u3001\u88dc\u511f\u9019\u7a2e\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u9700\u6c42\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7368\u81ea\u8dd1\u53bb\u5371\u96aa\u7684\u5730\u65b9\u627e\u85e5\u982d\u4ea4\u6613\uff1b\u82b1\u5149\u7a4d\u84c4\u8cb7\u6bd2\u7b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u722d\u8b70\u5728\u65bc\uff0c\u6e34\u6c42\u662f\u5426\u80fd\u5920\u7b97\u662f\u60c5\u7dd2\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\uff1f\u904e\u53bb\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u5426\u8a8d\u9019\u7a2e\u8aaa\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8a8d\u70ba\u6e34\u6c42\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u300c\u751f\u7406\u53cd\u61c9(biological response)\u300d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u975e\u6cd5\u85e5\u7269\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u795e\u7d93\u50b3\u5c0e\u7269\u8cea\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5e36\u4f86\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6109\u6085\u611f\uff0c\u7d93\u7531\u591a\u6b21\u5b78\u7fd2\u5f8c\uff0c\u4eba\u5c0d\u6bd2\u54c1\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7dda\u7d22(drug-related cues)\u5c31\u6703\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u6e34\u6c42\uff0c\u8feb\u4f7f\u4ed6\u5011\u518d\u6b21\u7528\u85e5\u3002\u4f46\u6b63\u56e0\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\uff0c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u65e2\u7136\u6e34\u6c42\u8ddf\u6050\u61fc(fear)\u3001\u7126\u616e(anxiety)\u7b49\u60c5\u7dd2\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u7d93\u7531\u5b78\u7fd2\u4f86\u5f15\u767c\u56fa\u5b9a\u7684\u5f8c\u7e8c\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u53ef\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u60c5\u7dd2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u504f\u8aa4(attentional bias)\u5c0d\u6e34\u6c42\u7684\u5f71\u97ff<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u90a3\u9ebc\u73fe\u5728\u554f\u984c\u53c8\u4f86\u4e86\uff1a\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u7dda\u7d22\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u767c\u6bd2\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u6e34\u6c42(craving)\u5462\uff1f\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u6a5f\u5236\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u95dc\u9375\u5c31\u5728\u65bc\u6ce8\u610f\u529b(attention)\u6240\u626e\u6f14\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ee5\u9069\u61c9(adaptation)\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u7559\u610f\u5468\u906d\u7684\u5371\u96aa\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u8eb2\u907f\u5b83\u5011\uff1b\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u53cd\u904e\u4f86\u8b93\u6211\u5011\u5feb\u901f\u5730\u767c\u73fe\u5c0d\u751f\u5b58\u6709\u5229\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u5bb9\u91cf(capacity)\u6709\u9650\uff0c\u7121\u6cd5\u5c07\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6295\u6ce8\u5230\u6bcf\u4e00\u500b\u4e8b\u4ef6\u4e0a(\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u4e5f\u4e0d\u9700\u8981)\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u300c\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u6ce8\u610f\u529bselective attention)\u300d\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u53c8\u986f\u5f97\u683c\u5916\u91cd\u8981\u4e86\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u7be9\u9078\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e6b\u52a9\u6211\u5011\u300c\u95dc\u5fc3\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u4e8b\uff1b\u5ffd\u7565\u7121\u95dc\u8a0a\u606f\u300d\u3002\u6709\u6642\u5019\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u662f\u81ea\u52d5\u5316(automatic)\u7522\u751f\u7684\uff1a\u610f\u5473\u8457\u5728\u610f\u8b58\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a7\u5236\u4e4b\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u6709\u80fd\u529b\u9810\u5148\u7559\u610f\u5230\u67d0\u4e9b\u523a\u6fc0\u3001\u7dda\u7d22\u6216\u662f\u4e8b\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u800c\u300c\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u504f\u8aa4(attentional bias)\u300d\u5247\u662f\u6307\uff0c\u500b\u9ad4\u904e\u5ea6\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u5230\u74b0\u5883\u4e2d\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u901a\u5e38\u4f86\u8aaa\u662f\u5e36\u6709\u8ca0\u9762\u542b\u610f\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u5177\u5a01\u8105\u6027\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\uff0c\u5176\u4ed6\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684(alternative)\u76ee\u6a19\u9078\u64c7\u5247\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u53d7\u5230\u5ffd\u7565\uff0c\u8209\u4f8b\u800c\u8a00\uff1a\u975e\u6cd5\u85e5\u7269\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5c0d\u65bc\u6bd2\u54c1\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u7dda\u7d22(drug-related cues)\u975e\u5e38\u654f\u611f\uff0c\u4e00\u65e6\u6240\u8655\u74b0\u5883\u51fa\u73fe\u9019\u4e9b\u7dda\u7d22\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u5c31\u6703\u99ac\u4e0a\u88ab\u4f54\u64da(preoccupied)\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u96e3\u4ee5\u7559\u610f\u5176\u5b83\u8ddf\u6bd2\u54c1\u7121\u95dc\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u3002\u800c\u8b93\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u7531\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u504f\u8aa4\u6240\u5f15\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\uff0c\u4e26\u975e\u4eba\u5011\u80fd\u5920\u81ea\u4e3b(voluntary)\u63a7\u5236\u7684\uff0c\u591a\u534a\u662f\u5728\u7121\u610f\u8b58\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u81ea\u52d5\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u51e1\u662f\u8ddf\u6bd2\u54c1\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u7dda\u7d22\u90fd\u6709\u6a5f\u6703\u5f15\u767c\u6e34\u6c42\uff0c\u4e0d\u898b\u5f97\u4e00\u5b9a\u8981\u770b\u898b\u6bd2\u54c1\u672c\u8eab\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\uff1a\u9664\u4e86\u5f15\u8d77\u4ea2\u596e\uff0c\u4e5f\u8207\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8abf\u7bc0\u6709\u95dc<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6839\u64da\u4ee5\u5f80\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5df2\u77e5\u904e\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u80fd\u4f7f\u4eba\u4ea2\u596e(euphoria)\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8fd1\u4f86\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u767c\u73fe\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7591\u4f3c\u8ddf\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8abf\u7bc0\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ee5\u5e15\u91d1\u68ee\u6c0f\u75c7(Parkinson\u2019s disease)\u75c5\u53cb\u70ba\u4f8b\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u8166\u5167\u7684\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u91cf\u6bd4\u6b63\u5e38\u4eba\u5c11\uff0c\u5728\u57f7\u884c\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u4f5c\u696d\u6642\u8868\u73fe\u8f03\u5dee(Robins, 1991)\uff1b\u800c\u5176\u4ed6\u5b78\u8005\u7684\u6212\u6cbb\u8a08\u756b\u4e5f\u6709\u627e\u51fa\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u898f\u5f8b\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1aGawin\u7b49\u4eba\u66fe\u7d93\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5728\u7d93\u904e\u6297\u7cbe\u795e\u75c5\u85e5\u7269Flupentixol\u7684\u6cbb\u7642\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c0d\u53e4\u67ef\u9e7c\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\u771f\u7684\u986f\u8457\u6e1b\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u7a2e\u85e5\u7269\u662f\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7bc0\u6297\u5291(antagonist)\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u6709\u6548\u963b\u65b7\u53d7\u9ad4\u8207\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7684\u7d50\u5408(Gawin, Allen et al. 1989)\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u904e\u591a\u6216\u662f\u904e\u5c11\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u8868\u73fe\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u7406\u7531\u76ee\u524d\u4ecd\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a(Shelley, Catts et al. 1997)\u3002\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u90fd\u53ef\u80fd\u53d7\u5230\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u500b\u4eba\u7279\u8cea\u4ee5\u53ca\u5be6\u9a57\u5b89\u6392\u5dee\u7570\u7684\u5e72\u64fe\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0a\u91cd\u5be6\u9a57\u502b\u7406\uff0c\u5b78\u8005\u5011\u96e3\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u8eab\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u6e34\u6c42\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u64cd\u5f04\uff0c\u50c5\u80fd\u5f9e\u75c5\u53cb\u6216\u662f\u52d5\u7269\u8eab\u4e0a\u9032\u884c\u63a8\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u6a21\u578b\u6574\u5408(Franken 2003)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0cFranken\u7b49\u4eba\u6700\u5f8c\u7e6a\u88fd\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u6a21\u578b\uff1a\u4eba\u5011\u5148\u5bdf\u89ba\u5230\u6bd2\u54c1\u76f8\u95dc\u7dda\u7d22\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff1b\u63a5\u8457\u5f15\u8d77\u904e\u91cf\u7684\u591a\u5df4\u80fa\u6d3b\u52d5\uff1b\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u7bc7\u7269\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u4f7f\u4eba\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a5\u6536\u6bd2\u54c1\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u7dda\u7d22\uff1b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u7684\u6e34\u6c42\u88ab\u5f15\u767c\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u624d\u51fa\u73fe\u4e86\u7528\u85e5\u884c\u70ba\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u7559\u610f\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u9019\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u7b97\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u300c\u5faa\u74b0\u300d\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u74b0\u7bc0\u90fd\u7dca\u6263\u8457\u5f7c\u6b64\uff0c\u6c92\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u4e00\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u53ef\u4ee5\u55ae\u7368\u89e3\u91cb\u6210\u766e\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Franken, I. H. (2003). \"Drug craving and addiction: integrating psychological and neuropsychopharmacological approaches.\" Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 27(4): 563-579.<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Gawin, F. H., et al. (1989). \"Outpatient treatment of 'crack' cocaine smoking with flupenthixol decanoate. A preliminary report.\" Arch Gen Psychiatry 46(4): 322-325.<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Shelley, A. M., et al. (1997). \"The effect of decreased catecholamine transmission on ERP indices of selective attention.\" Neuropsychopharmacology 16(3): 202-210.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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