{"id":34740,"date":"2019-12-13T00:39:42","date_gmt":"2019-12-12T16:39:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=34740"},"modified":"2020-10-23T12:47:02","modified_gmt":"2020-10-23T04:47:02","slug":"%e6%ad%bb%e8%97%a4%e6%b0%b4%ef%bc%9a%e7%a9%b6%e7%ab%9f%e6%98%af%e5%b7%ab%e9%86%ab%e7%9a%84%e9%80%9a%e9%9d%88%e5%af%86%e8%97%a5%ef%bc%8c%e6%8a%91%e6%88%96%e6%98%af%e8%87%b4%e5%b9%bb%e5%8a%91%e7%9a%84","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=34740","title":{"rendered":"\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\uff1a\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u5deb\u91ab\u7684\u901a\u9748\u5bc6\u85e5\uff0c\u6291\u6216\u662f\u81f4\u5e7b\u5291\u7684\u4e00\u7a2e\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.highsnobiety.com\/2016\/12\/15\/ayahuasca-ceremony-scam\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u5468\u739f\u8431<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u5357\u7f8e\u5deb\u91ab\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u7528\u85e5\uff0c\u64da\u50b3\u670d\u7528\u5f8c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6cbb\u75c5\u3001\u6392\u6bd2\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u63d0\u5347\u9748\u6027\u3001\u958b\u767c\u7cbe\u795e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u795e\u7955\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5b83\u662f\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u5b97\u6559\u5100\u5f0f\u4e2d\u4e0d\u53ef\u6216\u7f3a\u7684\u5143\u7d20\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u4eca\u65e5\uff0c\u5247\u6709\u4e0d\u5c11\u65c5\u5ba2\u6155\u540d\u800c\u4f86\uff0c\u60f3\u8981\u5728\u5357\u7f8e\u6d32\u958b\u555f\u7368\u4e00\u7121\u4e8c\u7684\u9748\u6027\u4e4b\u65c5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u7a76\u7adf\u662f\u54ea\u4e9b\u6210\u5206\u8b93\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u7522\u751f\u9019\u4e9b\u795e\u5947\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5462\uff1f\u670d\u7528\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u7522\u751f\u54ea\u4e9b\u611f\u89ba\uff1f\u9577\u671f\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u5426\u6703\u5c0d\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u9020\u6210\u5f71\u97ff\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u795e\u79d8\u7684\u53e4\u8001\u9b54\u85e5\uff1a\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u6a5f\u5236<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

 \u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4f86\u91c0\u9020\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u7684\u914d\u65b9\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u5e7e\u7a2e\u7a00\u6709\u7684\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u5357\u7f8e\u5361\u76ae\u6728(Banisteriopsis caapi)\u7684\u6a39\u76ae\u8207\u67e5\u5eab\u90a3(chacruna)\u8449\u5b50\u3002\u524d\u8005\u542b\u6709\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9e7c(beta-carboline alkaloids)\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u542b\u6709\u81f4\u5e7b\u5291\u6210\u5206\u300c\u4e8c\u7532\u57fa\u8272\u80fa(N-dimethyltryptamine\uff1bDMT)\u300d(Lo Faro, Di Trana et al. 2019)\u3002DMT\u9019\u7a2e\u81f4\u5e7b\u5291\u4e00\u65e6\u8207\u751f\u7269\u9e7cbeta-carbolines\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u518d\u7d93\u7531\u53e3\u670d\uff0c\u5b83\u5c31\u6703\u6291\u5236\u55ae\u80fa\u6c27\u5316\u9176(Monoamine oxidase-A\uff1bMAOA)\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u7d66\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5e36\u4f86\u66f4\u5e73\u975c\u3001\u548c\u7de9\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u6703\u9020\u6210\u524d\u984d\u8449\u3001\u9873\u8449\u4ee5\u53ca\u6795\u8449\u7684\u986f\u8457\u6d3b\u5316\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u521d\u7d1a\u8996\u89ba\u5340(primary visual area)\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u670d\u7528\u8005\u6703\u770b\u898b\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u8996\u5e7b\u89ba\u3002\u81f3\u65bc\u81f4\u5e7b\u5291DMT\u5230\u5e95\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u7cbe\u795e\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u76f8\u7576\u4e0d\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u6709\u4e9b\u5b78\u8005\u5982Gable\u7b49\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u6703\u7d66\u60a3\u8005\u5e36\u4f86\u6301\u7e8c\u6027\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75c7\u72c0(psychosis)\u3002\u4e5f\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\u5373\u4fbf\u670d\u7528\u8005\u51fa\u73fe\u56b4\u91cd\u7684\u7cbe\u795e\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u90a3\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u5148\u524d\u7684\u75c5\u53f2\u6240\u81f4\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u8207\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u6709\u95dc\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u559d\u4e0b\u53bb\u7684\u611f\u89ba\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9577\u671f\u670d\u7528\u53ef\u80fd\u7d66\u4eba\u9ad4\u5e36\u4f86\u54ea\u4e9b\u6539\u8b8a\uff1f<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u6839\u64daHamill\u7b49\u4eba\u57282019\u5e74\u7684\u6587\u737b\u56de\u9867\uff0c\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u7684\u85e5\u6548\u7d04\u5728\u670d\u7528\u5f8c\u768460\u5230120\u5206\u9418\u5167\uff0c\u53ef\u9054\u5230\u5dd4\u5cf0(peak)\uff0c\u7d044\u5c0f\u6642\u5019\u85e5\u6548\u624d\u6703\u6f38\u6f38\u6d88\u9000(Hamill, Hallak et al. 2019)\uff0cMabit\u7b49\u4eba\u5247\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u670d\u7528\u8005\u4e0d\u6703\u9677\u5165\u660f\u8ff7\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u610f\u8b58\u6703\u53d7\u5230\u81f4\u5e7b\u5291\u6210\u5206\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u800c\u7522\u751f\u5287\u8b8a\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u670d\u7528\u8005\u66fe\u5ba3\u7a31\uff0c\u81ea\u5df1\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u300c\u4fe1\u5fc3\u7684\u5feb\u901f\u63d0\u5347\u300d\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u8166\u4e2d\u5145\u6eff\u5404\u7a2e\u5275\u610f\u9748\u611f\u3002\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u670d\u7528\u8005\u6703\u611f\u53d7\u5230\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u56f0\u60d1\u3001\u6050\u61fc\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u5ba3\u7a31\u80fd\u5920\u85c9\u7531\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u770b\u898b\u81ea\u5df1\u904e\u5f80\u7684\u5275\u50b7\u7d93\u9a57\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f9e\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u300c\u555f\u767c\u300d\u6216\u300c\u9748\u611f\u300d\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u8207\u795e\u9748\u6e9d\u901a\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

Grob\u7b49\u4eba\u66fe\u5728\u5df4\u897f\u9032\u884c\u4e00\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u9080\u8acb\u4e8615\u540d\u6709\u56fa\u5b9a\u63a5\u53d7\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u5b97\u6559\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\uff0c\u8ddf\u53e6\u591615\u540d\u904e\u53bb\u5f9e\u4f86\u6c92\u6709\u6b64\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4f86\u53c3\u8207\u8abf\u67e5\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u5de5\u5177\u5305\u542b\u7d50\u69cb\u5f0f\u7684\u81e8\u5e8a\u8a55\u4f30\u91cf\u8868\u3001\u4eba\u683c\u6e2c\u9a57\u4ee5\u53ca\u795e\u7d93\u5fc3\u7406\u6e2c\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8abf\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u63a5\u53d7\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u5100\u5f0f\uff0c\u6240\u6709\u53c3\u8207\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u72c0\u614b(mental health)\u90fd\u5341\u5206\u6b63\u5e38\uff0c\u5728\u9032\u884c\u795e\u7d93\u5fc3\u7406\u6e2c\u9a57\u6642\uff0c\u5b9a\u671f\u63a5\u53d7\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u5100\u5f0f\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5728\u300c\u56de\u61b6\u4f5c\u696d(recall)\u300d\u7684\u8868\u73fe\u4e0a\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u986f\u8457\u7684\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u5dee\uff0c\u800c\u5728\u8abf\u67e5\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u7684\u5176\u4ed6\u7269\u8cea\u6feb\u7528\u7fd2\u6163\u6642\uff0cGrob\u7b49\u4eba\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u5169\u7d44\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\u4e26\u672a\u51fa\u73fe\u986f\u8457\u5dee\u8ddd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u7e3d\u7d50\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u6839\u64daGrob\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5f88\u96e3\u770b\u51fa\u9577\u671f\u670d\u7528\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u662f\u5426\u6703\u7d66\u4eba\u5011\u5e36\u4f86\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fc3\u7406\u5065\u5eb7\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u7121\u6cd5\u65b7\u5b9a\u5b83\u662f\u5426\u5c0e\u81f4\u6210\u766e\u3002\u800c\u4e14\u5373\u4fbf\u6709\u7522\u751f\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u4e5f\u96e3\u4ee5\u5340\u8fa8\u9019\u4e9b\u5f71\u97ff\u662f\u5b97\u6559\u5100\u5f0f\u9644\u5e36\u7684\uff0c\u9084\u662f\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u672c\u8eab\u7522\u751f\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u5546\u696d\u5316\u7684\u50b7\u5bb3\uff1a\u7834\u58de\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u5047\u85e5\u5145\u65a5\u3001\u640d\u5bb3\u539f\u4f4f\u6c11\u50b3\u7d71\u7684\u8072\u8b7d<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u7136\u800c\u8fd1\u4ee3\u89c0\u5149\u696d\u904b\u7528\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5be6\u5728\u4ee4\u4eba\u64d4\u6182\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u7528\u4f86\u91c0\u88fd\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u7684\u5e7e\u7a2e\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u5728\u4e9e\u99ac\u905c\u7576\u5730\u662f\u751f\u9577\u7de9\u6162\u3001\u5341\u5206\u7a00\u6709\u7684\u690d\u7269\uff0c\u904a\u5ba2\u904e\u91cf\u7684\u9700\u6c42\u53ea\u6703\u5c0d\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u751f\u9577\u74b0\u5883\u5e36\u4f86\u7834\u58de\u800c\u5df2\u3002\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u4e9b\u690d\u7269\u662f\u5982\u6b64\u7684\u73cd\u7a00\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u8096\u5546\u4eba\u5c31\u4e7e\u8106\u628a\u52a3\u8cea\u3001\u6210\u5206\u4e0d\u660e\u7684\u85e5\u6c34\u8a86\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u300d\uff0c\u515c\u552e\u7d66\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u904a\u5ba2\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u539f\u672c\u53e4\u8001\u3001\u795e\u8056\u7684\u50b3\u7d71\u60f9\u4f86\u6c59\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\u5728\u5617\u9bae\u4ee5\u524d\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u662f\u5426\u8a72\u5148\u554f\u554f\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u670d\u7528\u6b7b\u85e4\u6c34\u7684\u76ee\u7684\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\u5462\uff1f\u60f3\u8981\u4fee\u990a\u8eab\u5fc3\u9748\uff0c\u5c31\u975e\u5f97\u50b7\u5bb3\u74b0\u5883\u3001\u4ef0\u8cf4\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u85e5\u7269\u624d\u80fd\u505a\u5230\u55ce\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u9019\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u66ab\u6642\u9003\u907f\u73fe\u5be6\u7684\u7406\u7531\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Lo Faro, A. F., et al. (2019). \"Biomedical analysis of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS) of natural origin.\" J Pharm Biomed Anal: 112945.<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Hamill, J., et al. (2019). \"Ayahuasca: Psychological and Physiologic Effects, Pharmacology and Potential Uses in Addiction and Mental Illness.\" Curr Neuropharmacol 17(2): 108-128.<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. Mabit, J. Ayahuasca in the treatment of addictions. In: Winkelman, M.J.; Roberts, T.B. (eds.): Psychedelic Medicine (Vol 2): New Evidence for Hallucinogenic Substances as Treatments. 2007, pp. 87-105. Praeger Publishersm Westport, CT.<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. Grob, C.S.; McKenna, D.J.; Callaway, J.C.; Brito, G.S.; Neves, E.S.; Oberlaender, G.; Boone, K.B. Human psychopharmacology of hoasca, a plant hallucinogen used in ritual context in Brazil. Nervous & Mental Dis, 1996, 184(2), 86-94.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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