{"id":34506,"date":"2019-10-15T00:10:01","date_gmt":"2019-10-14T16:10:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=34506"},"modified":"2019-10-09T10:49:19","modified_gmt":"2019-10-09T02:49:19","slug":"%e5%90%83%e6%aa%b3%e6%a6%94%e6%9c%83%e4%b8%8a%e7%99%ae%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=34506","title":{"rendered":"\u5403\u6ab3\u6994\u6703\u4e0a\u766e\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"\"
\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1ahttps:\/\/unsplash.com\/photos\/Gyy9OdVHHjQ<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u5468\u739f\u8431<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u8aaa\u5230\u6210\u766e\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u6703\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9152\uff1f\u83f8\uff1f\u5496\u5561\u56e0\uff1f\u7f8e\u5287\u88e1\u9762\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u7684Coco\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u65b0\u8208\u6bd2\u54c1\uff1f\u6ab3\u6994(Betel nut\uff1bAreca catechu)\u662f\u5168\u7403\u7b2c\u56db\u5927\u7cbe\u795e\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8cea(Psychoactive substance)\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u53ea\u8981\u63d0\u5230\u6ab3\u6994\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u8166\u6d77\u88e1\u6700\u5148\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u53e3\u8154\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u6cdb\u9ec3\u3001\u767c\u9ed1\u7684\u7259\u9f52\u3001\u53e3\u8154\u5167\u90e8\u51fa\u73fe\u767d\u6591\u3001\u816b\u584a\u4ee5\u53ca\u7cdc\u721b\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u766e\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u65bc\u6ab3\u6994\u7684\u6210\u766e\u6a5f\u5236\u53cd\u800c\u76f8\u7576\u964c\u751f\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u5b83\u5011\u5728\u81fa\u7063\u4e5f\u7b97\u662f\u96a8\u8655\u53ef\u898b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u5be6\u5c31\u9023\u5b78\u8005\u4e5f\u591a\u534a\u5c07\u5fc3\u529b\u6295\u5165\u5728\u6ab3\u6994\u5c0d\u53e3\u8154\u885b\u751f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u5011\u76ee\u524d\u9084\u662f\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u5f85\u89e3\u6c7a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u9577\u671f\u56bc\u98df\u6ab3\u6994\u5230\u5e95\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u7522\u751f\u4f9d\u8cf4(Dependent)\u3001\u6212\u65b7(Withdrawal)\u75c7\u72c0\uff1f\u6ab3\u6994\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u4eba\u6210\u766e\u7684\uff1f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ab3\u6994\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u7406\u53cd\u61c9\uff1f<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u6ab3\u6994\u9e7c<\/strong>\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u7684\u8eab\u9ad4\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u63a2\u8a0e\u6ab3\u6994\u5bcc\u542b\u7684\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u6642\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u78b0\u5230\u8a31\u591a\u56f0\u96e3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6ab3\u6994\u5f80\u5f80\u6703\u642d\u914d\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u300c\u4f50\u6599\u300d\u4e00\u8d77\u98df\u7528\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\uff1a\u83f8\u8349\u3001\u77f3\u7070\u7b49\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5f88\u96e3\u5340\u8fa8\u67d0\u4e9b\u98df\u7528\u8005\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u8166\u529f\u80fd\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5230\u5e95\u662f\u55ae\u9760\u6ab3\u6994\u9020\u6210\u7684\uff1b\u6216\u8005\u662f\u88ab\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u5206\u6240\u5f71\u97ff\uff1b\u6291\u6216\u662f\u6a39\u7a2e\u7269\u8cea\u642d\u914d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u4f7f\u7528\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002\u76ee\u524d\u6bd4\u8f03\u80fd\u5920\u78ba\u5b9a\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6ab3\u6994\u672c\u8eab\u542b\u6709\u5e7e\u7a2e\u751f\u7269\u9e7c(Alkaloid)\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u300c\u6ab3\u6994\u9e7c(Arecoline)\u300d\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u4ea4\u611f\u4ee5\u53ca\u526f\u4ea4\u611f\u795e\u7d93\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u98df\u7528\u8005\u51fa\u73fe\u9ad4\u6eab\u5347\u9ad8\u3001\u5fc3\u8df3\u52a0\u5feb\u3001\u96c5\u58d3\u5fae\u5fae\u4e0a\u5347\u7684\u611f\u89ba\uff0c\u7d93\u5e38\u7d66\u98df\u7528\u8005\u5e36\u4f86\u300c\u63d0\u795e\u9192\u8166\u300d\u7684\u611f\u53d7\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u8010\u53d7\u6027(tolerence)\u537b\u4e5f\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u6b64\u7522\u751f\uff0c\u8b93\u91cd\u5ea6\u6ab3\u6994\u56bc\u98df\u8005\u5fc5\u9700\u5403\u4e0b\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6ab3\u6994\uff0c\u624d\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u60f3\u8981\u7684\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u56bc\u98df\u6ab3\u6994\u6703\u5e36\u4f86\u90a3\u4e9b\u611f\u53d7\uff1f\u54ea\u4e9b\u5730\u5340\u7684\u4eba\u504f\u597d\u56bc\u98df\u6ab3\u6994\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5370\u5ea6\u76ee\u524d\u6709\u7a2e\u6ab3\u6994\u7684\u98df\u7528\u65b9\u6cd5\u76f8\u7576\u6d41\u884c\uff0c\u7d93\u9a57\u8c50\u5bcc\u7684\u56bc\u98df\u8005\u6703\u5c07\u6ab3\u6994\u642d\u914d\u83f8\u8349(tobacco)\u3001\u719f\u77f3\u7070(slaked lime)\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u751c\u5473\u5291\u4e00\u8d77\u5403\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u5730\u4eba\u8a8d\u70ba\u9019\u662f\u500b\u63d0\u795e\u826f\u65b9\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u7368\u7279\u7684\u98df\u7528\u65b9\u5f0f\u7a31\u505a\u300c\u53e4\u7279\u5361\uff1b(gutka)\u300d\uff0c\u4f46\u4e5f\u56e0\u70ba\u6750\u6599\u7684\u53d6\u5f97\u975e\u5e38\u5bb9\u6613\uff0c\u9023\u5b69\u7ae5\u8ddf\u5a66\u5973\u90fd\u80fd\u5920\u8f15\u6613\u627e\u5230\u6a5f\u6703\u5617\u8a66\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u88ab\u4eba\u8a6c\u75c5\uff0c\u5370\u5ea6\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u55ae\u4f4d\u4e5f\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u6703\u5c0d\u4eba\u6c11\u7684\u5065\u5eb7\u9020\u6210\u4e0d\u826f\u7684\u5f71\u97ff\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u5716\u8aaa\uff1a\u7433\u746f\u6eff\u76ee\u7684\u300c\u53e4\u7279\u5361\u300d\uff0fPhoto Credit: File photo<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u5370\u5ea6\u5b78\u8005Vivek Benegal\u7b49\u4eba\u539f\u672c\u5c31\u76f8\u7576\u597d\u5947\uff0c\u6ab3\u6994\u662f\u5426\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u7522\u751f\u4f9d\u8cf4\u611f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6212\u65b7\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u904e\u53bb\u5df2\u6709\u90e8\u4efd\u7814\u7a76\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u6ab3\u6994\u78ba\u5be6\u6709\u5c0e\u81f4\u6210\u766e\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u9019\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u90fd\u662f\u76f4\u63a5\u4ee5\u7fd2\u6163\u56bc\u98df\u6ab3\u6994\u642d\u914d\u83f8\u8349\u7684\u6c11\u773e\u4f5c\u70ba\u6a23\u672c\uff0cBenegal\u56e0\u6b64\u7279\u5225\u60f3\u77e5\u9053\uff0c\u7d14\u5403\u6ab3\u6994\u7121\u6dfb\u52a0\u4efb\u4f55\u914d\u6599\u8005\u3001\u6163\u56bc\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u53e4\u7279\u5361\u300d\u8005\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ab3\u6994\u3001\u83f8\u8349\u90fd\u4e0d\u5403\u7684\u4eba\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u4f9d\u8cf4\u75c7\u72c0\u7684\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5340\u5225\u3002<\/p>\n

\u65bc\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u4efd2008\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7576\u4e2d\uff0cBenegal\u9080\u8acb\u7d04250\u540d\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\uff0c\u8a2a\u67e5\u4ed6\u5011\u8fd112\u500b\u6708\u7684\u6ab3\u6994\u56bc\u98df\u7fd2\u6163\uff0c\u8abf\u67e5\u7d50\u679c\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u76f8\u8f03\u65bc\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\uff0c\u6ab3\u6994\u8ddf\u83f8\u8349\u5169\u8005\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4eba(\u517188\u4eba)\uff0c\u666e\u904d\u4f86\u8aaa\u6559\u80b2\u7a0b\u5ea6\u7565\u9ad8\u800c\u4e14\u591a\u534a\u4f86\u81ea\u90fd\u5e02\u5730\u5340\uff1b\u76f8\u53cd\u7684\uff0c\u4e0d\u7ba1\u662f\u504f\u597d\u55ae\u56bc\u6ab3\u6994\u8005(98\u4eba)\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u6163\u56bc\u6ab3\u6994\u642d\u914d\u83f8\u8349\u7684\u6c11\u773e(44\u4eba)\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u591a\u4f86\u81ea\u9109\u4e0b\u6216\u662f\u4f4e\u793e\u7d93\u5730\u4f4d\u5730\u5e36\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u500b\u7d50\u679c\u4e26\u672a\u9054\u5230\u986f\u8457\uff0c\u4f46\u4f9d\u820a\u53ef\u4f9b\u7576\u5c40\u53c3\u8003\uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf\u653f\u5e9c\u627e\u51fa\u7279\u5225\u9700\u8981\u63a5\u53d7\u885b\u6559\u7684\u65cf\u7fa4\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f9e\u6ab3\u6994\u4ee5\u53ca\u83f8\u8349\u4f7f\u7528\u7fd2\u6163\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u7fd2\u6163\u628a\u6ab3\u6994\u8ddf\u83f8\u8349\u6df7\u642d\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u5403\u7684\u53d7\u8a66\u8005\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6bcf\u5929\u56bc\u98df\u6ab3\u6994\u7684\u6578\u91cf\uff0c\u9060\u591a\u65bc\u7d14\u56bc\u6ab3\u6994\u7684\u4eba(\u524d\u8005\u5e73\u5747\u4e00\u5929\u5480\u56bc6\u500b\u55ae\u4f4d\uff1b\u5f8c\u8005\u7d042.6\u55ae\u4f4d)\u3002\u7121\u8ad6\u662f\u4f9d\u7167DSM-IV\u9084\u662fICD-10\u7684\u5206\u985e\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u662f\u6700\u5bb9\u6613\u88ab\u5224\u5b9a\u70ba\u300c\u7269\u8cea\u6210\u766e\u300d\u7684\u4e00\u7fa4\uff0c\u7d04\u670977.3%\u7684\u56bc\u98df\u8005\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u8010\u53d7\u6027\u300184.1%\u7684\u4eba\u5448\u73fe\u6212\u65b7\u75c7\u72c0\uff0c\u53e6\u5916\u670963%\u7684\u4eba\u5728\u5373\u4f7f\u77e5\u9053\u7522\u54c1\u5c0d\u53e3\u8154\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\uff0c\u4e5f\u4f9d\u7136\u7e7c\u7e8c\u98df\u7528\u5b83\u5011\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u8d0a\u540c\uff0c\u56bc\u98df\u6ab3\u6994\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u5fc3\u60c5\u8b8a\u597d\u3001\u63d0\u5347\u5de5\u4f5c\u8868\u73fe\u3001\u5e6b\u52a9\u6d88\u5316\u3001\u589e\u52a0\u793e\u4ea4\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u5076\u723e\u4e5f\u80fd\u9054\u5230\u6b62\u75db\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf\u9700\u8981\u66f4\u591a\u76f8\u95dc\u7814\u7a76\u4f86\u627e\u51fa\u7f79\u60a3\u53e3\u8154\u885b\u751f\u75be\u75c5\u7684\u9ad8\u98a8\u96aa\u4eba\u53e3<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6839\u64daBenegal\u7b49\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u56bc\u98df\u6ab3\u6994\u78ba\u5be6\u8207\u4f9d\u8cf4\u53ca\u6212\u65b7\u75c7\u72c0\u6709\u95dc\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u82e5\u662f\u8207\u5176\u4ed6\u6210\u766e\u7269\u8cea\u6df7\u642d\u98df\u7528\uff0c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6210\u766e\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u6703\u63d0\u5347\u66f4\u591a\uff0c\u5118\u7ba1\u7121\u6cd5\u50c5\u5f9e\u672c\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u5373\u65b7\u5b9a\uff0c\u5c07\u6ab3\u6994\u8ddf\u83f8\u8349\u6df7\u8457\u98df\u7528\u5c31\u4e00\u5b9a\u6703\u5f97\u53e3\u8154\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u75be\u75c5\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u6a23\u6703\u4f7f\u4eba\u66f4\u5bb9\u6613\u7522\u751f\u4f9d\u8cf4\u611f\u3001\u4e0d\u81ea\u89ba\u5730\u589e\u52a0\u4f7f\u7528\u91cf\uff0c\u76f8\u5c0d\u4f86\u8aaa\u672a\u4f86\u767c\u75c5\u7387\u5c31\u6703\u6bd4\u666e\u901a\u4eba\u9ad8\u3002\u653f\u5e9c\u4e5f\u53ef\u6839\u64da\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u9396\u5b9a\u4f4e\u6559\u80b2\u6c34\u6e96\u3001\u4f4e\u7d93\u6fdf\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u9109\u6751\u5730\u5340\uff0c\u7a4d\u6975\u5730\u9032\u884c\u53e3\u8154\u5065\u5eb7\u5ba3\u5c0e\uff0c\u6216\u662f\u8207\u91ab\u9662\u5408\u4f5c\uff0c\u5b89\u6392\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6212\u9664\u8a08\u756b\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Vivek Benegal., Ravi P. Rajkumar & Kesavan Muralidharan., Does areca nut use lead to depedence<\/a>\uff1f<\/a>., Drug and Alchohol Depedence., 2008<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. PC Gupta & CS Ray., Epidemiology of Betel Quid Usage., Ann Acad Med Singapore., 2004<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    \u8aaa\u5230\u6210\u766e\u7269\u8cea\uff0c\u5927\u5bb6\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u60f3\u5230\u7684\u6703\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u9152\uff1f\u83f8\uff1f\u5496\u5561\u56e0\uff1f\u7f8e\u5287\u88e1\u9762\u7d93\u5e38\u51fa\u73fe\u7684Coco\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u5176\u4ed6\u65b0\u8208\u6bd2\u54c1\uff1f\u6ab3\u6994(Betel nut\uff1bAreca catechu)\u662f\u5168\u7403\u7b2c\u56db\u5927\u7cbe\u795e\u6d3b\u6027\u7269\u8cea(Psychoactive substance)\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u53ea\u8981\u63d0\u5230\u6ab3\u6994\uff0c\u76f8\u4fe1\u5927\u90e8\u4efd\u7684\u4eba\u8166\u6d77\u88e1\u6700\u5148\u6d6e\u73fe\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\uff0c\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u5b83\u5011\u5c0d\u53e3\u8154\u5065\u5eb7\u7684\u5371\u5bb3\u3002\u800c\u672c\u6587\u8981\u63a2\u8a0e\u7684\u554f\u984c\u5247\u662f\uff0c\u9577\u671f\u56bc\u98df\u6ab3\u6994\u5230\u5e95\u6703\u4e0d\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u7522\u751f\u4f9d\u8cf4(Dependent)\u3001\u6212\u65b7(Withdrawal)\u75c7\u72c0\uff1f\u6ab3\u6994\u662f\u5982\u4f55\u8b93\u4eba\u6210\u766e\u7684\uff1f\u4ee5\u53ca\u6ab3\u6994\u5982\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u6211\u5011\u7684\u751f\u7406\u53cd\u61c9\uff1f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":34507,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[257,3293],"tags":[4396,4394,4395,4393,3796],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/10\/photo-1529685420453-8835ca76f78b.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34506"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=34506"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34506\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34509,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34506\/revisions\/34509"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/34507"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=34506"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=34506"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=34506"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}