{"id":34015,"date":"2019-05-24T00:33:06","date_gmt":"2019-05-23T16:33:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=34015"},"modified":"2019-05-17T13:02:16","modified_gmt":"2019-05-17T05:02:16","slug":"%e3%80%90%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e5%8f%b2%e4%b8%ad%e7%9a%84%e4%ba%94%e6%9c%88%e3%80%911948-%e5%b9%b4-5-%e6%9c%88-29-%e6%97%a5%ef%bc%9a%e9%a0%90%e6%b8%ac%e5%8d%a1%e8%a5%bf%e7%b1%b3%e7%88%be%e6%95%88","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=34015","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7269\u7406\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e94\u6708\u30111948 \u5e74 5 \u6708 29 \u65e5\uff1a\u9810\u6e2c\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u767c\u8868"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>1948 \u5e74 5 \u6708 29 \u65e5\uff1a\u9810\u6e2c\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u767c\u8868<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u856d\u5982\u73c0\u3001\u694a\u4fe1\u7537\uff08\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\uff09\uff08\u8b6f\u81ea <em>APS News<\/em>\uff0c2012 \u5e74 5 \u6708\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u99ac\u4e0a\u8a8d\u70ba\u58c1\u864e\u7684\u8173\u5982\u4f55\u9ecf\u9644\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u5948\u7c73\u6a5f\u5668\u5e38\u56e0\u6469\u64e6\u800c\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u3002\u524d\u8005\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u5206\u5b50\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u662f\u7531\u7a7a\u7121\u4e00\u7269\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u7684\u300c\u9ecf\u6027\u300d\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u7686\u6839\u6e90\u65bc\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6 \uff08Johannes Diderik van der Waals\uff09\u548c\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\uff08Hendrik Casimir\uff09\u5169\u4f4d\u8377\u862d\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u662f\u5bb6\u4e2d 10 \u500b\u5c0f\u5b69\u7684\u8001\u5927\uff0c\u7236\u89aa\u662f\u8377\u862d\u840a\u767b\u57ce\uff08Leiden\uff09\u7684\u4e00\u4f4d\u6728\u5de5\uff0c\u51fa\u8eab\u5de5\u4eba\u5bb6\u5ead\u610f\u8b02\u8457\u4ed6\u7121\u6cd5\u63a5\u53d7\u4e00\u822c\u8981\u9032\u5165\u5927\u5b78\u6240\u9700\u7684\u6b63\u898f\u6559\u80b2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u4ed6\u537b\u4e5f\u63a5\u53d7\u4e86\u4e0d\u932f\u7684\u5c0f\u5b78\u6559\u80b2\uff0c\u6210\u4e86\u8001\u5e2b\u7684\u5b78\u5f92\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7576\u4e0a\u5c0f\u5b78\u6821\u9577\u3002\u4ed6\u9084\u5229\u7528\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u5225\u7684\u898f\u5b9a\u5230\u840a\u767b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7269\u7406\u3001\u6578\u5b78\u548c\u5929\u6587\u8ab2\u7a0b\u8a3b\u518a\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u4e0d\u80fd\u9304\u53d6\u6210\u70ba\u6b63\u5f0f\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u3002\u7576\u8377\u862d\u653f\u5e9c\u5275\u7acb\u65b0\u5f0f\u7684\u4e2d\u5b78\u4f86\u6559\u80b2\u4e2d\u7522\u968e\u5c64\u7684\u5c0f\u5b69\uff0c\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u5728\u9019\u4e9b\u4e2d\u5b78\u4efb\u6559\u7684\u8cc7\u683c\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e00\u76f4\u5230 1866 \u5e74\u6b62\uff0c\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u90fd\u5728\u6d77\u7259\u6559\u66f8\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u7279\u8a31\u514d\u9664\u5fc5\u4fee\u53e4\u5178\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u7d42\u65bc\u53ef\u4ee5\u6210\u70ba\u9644\u8fd1\u840a\u767b\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6b63\u5f0f\u5b78\u751f\uff0c\u4e26\u901a\u904e\u4e86\u7269\u7406\u548c\u6578\u5b78\u7684\u535a\u58eb\u8cc7\u683c\u8003\u8a66\u3002\u4ed6\u65bc 1873 \u5e74\u5b8c\u6210\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\uff0c\u8ad6\u6587\u7814\u7a76\u6c23\u614b\u548c\u6db2\u614b\u7684\u9023\u7e8c\u6027\uff0c\u5728\u8ad6\u6587\u4e2d\u4ed6\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u5047\u5982\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u8ddd\u96e2\u5f88\u63a5\u8fd1\u7684\u8a71\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u6c92\u6709\u96fb\u8377\u6216\u78c1\u5076\u6975\u77e9\uff0c\u90fd\u6703\u4e92\u76f8\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6\u7e7c\u800c\u7576\u4e86\u8377\u862d\u963f\u59c6\u65af\u7279\u4e39\u5e02\u7acb\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e26\u65bc 1910 \u5e74 72 \u6b72\u6642\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u6d77\u7259\u7684&nbsp; 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\u65e5\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u8377\u862d\u7687\u5bb6\u85dd\u8853\u8207\u79d1\u5b78\u5b78\u9662\u9662\u520a\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u5927\u5bb6\u5c07\u4e4b\u7a31\u70ba\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\u4f5c\u7528\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96f6\u9ede\u80fd\u7684\u89c0\u5ff5\u6e90\u81ea\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u3002\u8b6c\u5982\u8aaa\u5728\u7d55\u5c0d\u96f6\u5ea6\u4e0b\uff0c\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u5982\u679c\u90fd\u975c\u6b62\u4e0d\u52d5\uff0c\u90a3\u5c31\u9055\u53cd\u6e2c\u4e0d\u6e96\u539f\u7406\u3002\u91cf\u5b50\u5834\u8ad6\u4e2d\uff0c\u771f\u7a7a\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u7a7a\u7684\uff0c\u865b\u7c92\u5b50\u6703\u7a81\u7136\u51fa\u73fe\uff0c\u53c8\u4e00\u6a23\u5feb\u901f\u7a81\u7136\u6d88\u5931\u2500\u2500\u5feb\u5230\u7121\u6cd5\u5bdf\u89ba\u3002\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aaa\uff0c\u91cf\u5b50\u7cfb\u7d71\u57fa\u614b\u80fd\u91cf\u4e0d\u6703\u70ba\u96f6\u3002\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\u63a1\u7528\u53e4\u5178\u96fb\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u8a08\u7b97\u5169\u500b\u5e73\u884c\u7406\u60f3\u5c0e\u9ad4\u677f\u9593\u96f6\u9ede\u80fd\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u91d1\u5c6c\u677f\u4e4b\u9593\u6703\u6709\u5f31\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u5728\u6b64\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u8a08\u7b97\u5e73\u884c\u677f\u9593\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u5834\u632f\u76ea\u7684\u6b63\u898f\u6a21\u6578\u76ee\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u5169\u7247\u4e2d\u6027\u5e73\u884c\u7406\u60f3\u5c0e\u9ad4\u677f\u9593\u6703\u6709\u5f31\u5f15\u529b\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\uff0c\u4ee4\u4eba\u532a\u5937\u6240\u601d\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u80af\u5b9a\u4ee4\u4eba\u632f\u596e\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8a31\u591a\u5be6\u9a57\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u52aa\u529b\u5617\u8a66\uff1b\u4f46\u5be6\u9a57\u5f88\u96e3\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u4e26\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\u8457\u7406\u60f3\u5c0e\u9ad4\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u4e14\u8981\u505a\u5230\u5b8c\u7f8e\u7684\u5e73\u884c\u6392\u5217\u4e5f\u5f88\u96e3\u3002\u65e9\u671f\u5be6\u9a57\u6700\u597d\u7684\u6e2c\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982 1958 \u5e74\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\u5728\u98db\u5229\u6d66\u7684\u540c\u50da\u53f2\u5df4\u5167\uff08Marcus Sparnaay\uff09\u6240\u505a\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u7686\u662f\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u9810\u6e2c\u503c\u7684 15% \u5167\uff0c\u672a\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u8b49\u660e\u6b64\u7406\u8ad6\u6b63\u78ba\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6578\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u6b64\u7406\u8ad6\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u5438\u5f15\u4eba\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u7406\u8ad6\u65b9\u9762\u4e5f\u4e00\u76f4\u6709\u9032\u5c55\u30021956 \u5e74\uff0c\u674e\u4f5b\u897f\u8332<sup>4<\/sup>\uff08Evgeny Lifshitz\uff09\u5c07\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u502b\u6566\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6574\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u5206\u6790\u4e2d\u52a0\u5165\u66f4\u5be6\u969b\u7684\u7269\u8cea\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u975e\u90a3\u4e0d\u53ef\u5f97\u7684\u7406\u60f3\u5c0e\u9ad4\u3002\u7d42\u65bc\u5728 1996 \u5e74\uff0c\u4e00\u4f4d\u7f8e\u570b\u83ef\u76db\u9813\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u5e74\u8f15\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u62c9\u6469\u82e5\u514b\u65af\uff08Steve Lamoreaux\uff09\u6210\u529f\u5730\u505a\u4e86\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5f88\u9748\u654f\u5730\u6e2c\u51fa\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u9810\u6e2c\u503c\u7684 5% \u4e4b\u5167\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u5728\u5927\u5c3a\u5ea6\u65b9\u9762\u4e0d\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u7136\u800c\u5b83\u5728\u6b21\u5fae\u7c73\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u537b\u662f\u4e3b\u5c0e\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u5728\u5fae\u6a5f\u96fb\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08MEMS\uff09\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u8b93\u8d85\u7d1a\u5c0f\u7684\u5143\u4ef6\u9ecf\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u800c\u8981\u5c07\u9593\u9694\u50c5 10 \u5948\u7c73\u9ecf\u8457\u7684\u91d1\u5c6c\u677f\u5206\u958b\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u6548\u679c\u7d04\u548c1\u5927\u6c23\u58d3\u76f8\u7576\u7684\u529b\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5948\u7c73\u5c3a\u5ea6\u79d1\u6280\u8981\u6709\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u8655\u7406\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u662f\u5fc5\u8981\u7684`<\/p>\n<p>\u8056\u5b89\u5fb7\u9b6f\u65af\u5927\u5b78\uff08University of St. Andrews\uff09\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u54e1\u66fe\u5efa\u8b70\u8aaa\uff0c\u4e5f\u8a31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5de7\u5999\u5730\u8655\u7406\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u5728\u5169\u500b\u5143\u4ef6\u4e2d\u9593\u653e\u7f6e\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u93e1\u7247\uff0c\u5982\u6b64\u300c\u5438\u9644\u300d\u5c31\u6703\u6210\u70ba\u65a5\u529b\u3002\u9019\u6a23\uff0c\u5fae\u6a5f\u68b0\u7684\u96f6\u4ef6\u5c31\u6703\u61f8\u6d6e\u8457\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u6469\u64e6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_34017\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-34017\" style=\"width: 270px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-34017\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/1651321.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"270\" height=\"198\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-34017\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\uff08Hendrik Casimir\uff0c\u5de6\uff09\u548c\u9b4f\u65af\u79d1\u666e\u592b\uff08Victor Weisskopf\uff09\u65bc1934\u5e74<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>\u8b6f\u8005\u8a3b\uff1a\u539f\u6587\u6709\u95dc\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\u6548\u61c9\u7684\u5167\u5bb9\u6709\u8aa4\uff0c\u8b6f\u8005\u5df2\u52a0\u4ee5\u66f4\u6b63\u91cd\u5beb\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1. \u6ce2\u8033\uff08Niels Bohr\uff0c1885-1962\uff09\uff1a\u4e39\u9ea5\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c1922 \u5e74\u56e0\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u8033\u6a21\u578b\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\u3002<br \/>\n2.\u5305\u7acb\uff08Wolfgang Pauli\uff0c1900-1958\uff09\uff1a\u5967\u5730\u5229\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c1945 \u5e74\u4ee5\u4e0d\u76f8\u5bb9\u539f\u7406\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\u3002<br \/>\n3.\u6602\u5167\u65af(Kamerlingh Onnes\uff0c1853-1926)\uff1a\u8377\u862d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c1913 \u5e74\u56e0\u767c\u73fe\u8d85\u5c0e\u73fe\u8c61\u800c\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u734e\u3002<br \/>\n4.\u674e\u4f5b\u897f\u8332\uff08Evgeny Lifshitz\uff0c1915-1985\uff09\uff1a\u8457\u540d\u8607\u806f\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/line.me\/R\/ti\/p\/%40fcx6182w\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"https:\/\/scdn.line-apps.com\/n\/line_add_friends\/btn\/zh-Hant.png\" alt=\"\u52a0\u5165\u597d\u53cb\" width=\"212\" height=\"36\" border=\"0\"><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u4e00\u822c\u4eba\u4e0d\u6703\u99ac\u4e0a\u8a8d\u70ba\u58c1\u864e\u7684\u8173\u5982\u4f55\u9ecf\u9644\u5728\u8868\u9762\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fae\u5c0f\u7684\u5948\u7c73\u6a5f\u4ef6\u5e38\u56e0\u6469\u64e6\u800c\u6545\u969c\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u95dc\u806f\u6027\u3002\u524d\u8005\u727d\u6d89\u5230\u5206\u5b50\u5438\u5f15\u7684\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u800c\u5f8c\u8005\u5247\u662f\u7531\u7a7a\u7121\u4e00\u7269\u7684\u7a7a\u9593\u4e2d\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u7684\u300c\u9ecf\u6027\u300d\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5169\u8005\u7686\u6839\u6e90\u65bc\u51e1\u5f97\u74e6 \uff08Johannes Diderik van der Waals\uff09\u548c\u5361\u897f\u7c73\u723e\uff08Hendrik Casimir\uff09\u5169\u4f4d\u8377\u862d\u4eba\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":34017,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,3145],"tags":[],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/05\/1651321.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34015"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=34015"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34015\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":34069,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34015\/revisions\/34069"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/34017"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=34015"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=34015"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=34015"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}