{"id":33920,"date":"2017-11-18T09:55:30","date_gmt":"2017-11-18T01:55:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33920"},"modified":"2019-04-12T10:23:53","modified_gmt":"2019-04-12T02:23:53","slug":"crispr%e7%99%bc%e5%b1%95%e4%b9%8b%e8%8b%b1%e9%9b%84%e6%a6%9c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33920","title":{"rendered":"CRISPR\u767c\u5c55\u4e4b\u82f1\u96c4\u699c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5fb7\u5dde\u5927\u5b78\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u99ac\u5343\u60e0\u7de8\u8b6f\/\u81fa\u5927\u79d1\u6559\u4e2d\u5fc3\u9673\u85f9\u7136\u8cac\u4efb\u7de8\u8f2f<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7de8\u8b6f\u4f86\u6e90\uff1aLander, E.S. (2016). The Heroes of CRISPR. Cell 164<\/em>, 18-28.<\/strong><\/p>\n

2013\u5e74\u4e00\u7bc7\u6307\u51fa CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats) \u6280\u8853\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e96\u78ba\u4e14\u6709\u6548\u7387\u5730\u7de8\u8f2f\u6d3b\u9ad4\u771f\u6838\u7d30\u80de\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5831\u544a\uff0c\u5728\u79d1\u5b78\u754c\u98b3\u8d77\u4e00\u9663\u98a8\u66b4\uff0c\u5f9e\u751f\u7269\u91ab\u5b78\u5230\u8fb2\u696d\uff0c\u6709\u6210\u5343\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u61c9\u7528\u6b64\u6280\u8853\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c07\u63a2\u8a0e\u5f9e\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u524d\u8d77\u767c\u73fe\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u542b\u6709\u5947\u602a\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u7d93\u78ba\u8a8d\u70ba\u6b64\u4e00\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u5230\u4e86\u89e3\u5176\u751f\u7269\u7279\u6027\uff0c\u9032\u800c\u904b\u7528\u5728\u57fa\u56e0\u5de5\u7a0b\u4e0a\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u9019\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u6b77\u7a0b\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u7684\u555f\u793a\u3002<\/span><\/p>\n

CRISPR \u898f\u5247\u6027\u9593\u9694\u91cd\u8907\u8ff4\u6587\u5e8f\u5217\u7fa4\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e00\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u6d77\u6e2f\uff0cFrancisco Mojica \u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u6388\u767c\u73fe\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6cbc\u6fa4\u4e2d\u4e00\u8010\u9e7d\u6027\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u53e4\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u751f\u9577\u74b0\u5883\u9e7d\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u9176\u5207\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7247\u6bb5\u3002Mojica\u5206\u6790\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u7d50\u69cb\u542b\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u8ff4\u6587\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u9593\u9694\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u89e3\u958b\u9019\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u795e\u5bc6\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u53e4\u7d30\u83cc\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u65e5\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u5728\u7d30\u83cc\u88cf\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002Mojica\u8a8d\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u9060\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u537b\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u39e1\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u7531\u65bcMojica\u624d\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u6559\u8077\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7d93\u8cbb\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u8f49\u800c\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5b78\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u9019\u5947\u7279\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4e26\u547d\u540d\u70ba SESRs (short regularly spaced repeats)\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4fee\u6539\u6210 CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats)\u3002<\/p>\n

20\u4e16\u7d00\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0cMojica\u5df2\u5728\u4e8c\u5341\u7a2e\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u5167\u627e\u5230 CRISPR\u5e8f\u5217\u3002\u5176\u4ed6\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u5728\u4e0d\u540c\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u4e5f\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u627e\u5230CRISPR \u76f8\u95dc\u57fa\u56e0\uff08CRISPR associated genes, cas)\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5176\u751f\u7269\u529f\u80fd\u4ecd\u662f\u672a\u77e5\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u773e\u591a\u5047\u8aaa\u88ab\u63d0\u51fa\u3002\u5f8c\u4f86Mojica \u5728\u5206\u6790\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u9593\u9694\u5e8f\u5217\uff08spacer) \u6709\u4e86\u91cd\u5927\u767c\u73fe\uff1a \u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7a2e\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u7684 CRISPR \u7684\u9593\u9694\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5c45\u7136\u548c\u611f\u67d3\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u7684P1 \u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u5e8f\u5217\u543b\u5408\uff0c\u53ef\u662f\u6b64\u4e00\u7279\u5b9a\u7a2e\u7684\u5927\u8178\u687f\u83cc\u672c\u8eab\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u88abP1 \u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u8aac\u64c1\u6709\u6b64\u9593\u9694\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4fdd\u8b77\u7d30\u83cc\u672c\u8eab\u4e0d\u6703\u518d\u88ab\u540c\u4e00\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u4ed6\u53c8\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5206\u6790\u4e864,500 \u6bb5\u9593\u9694\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d88\u6bb5\u548c\u5df2\u77e5\u5e8f\u5217\u543b\u5408\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e09\u5206\u4e4b\u4e8c\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u75c5\u6bd2\u6216\u63a5\u5408\u8cea\u9ad4\u3002\u53ef\u662f\u7576\u4ed6\u8981\u767c\u8868\u6b64\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u6642\u537b\u9023\u7e8c\u88ab\u5404\u5927\u671f\u520a\u62d2\u7d55\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u5341\u516b\u500b\u6708\u7684\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u7d42\u65bc\u57282005\u5e74\u767c\u8868\u65bc Journal of Molecular Evolution\u3002<\/p>\n

\u540c\u6642CRISPR\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5728\u4e16\u754c\u5404\u5730\u9678\u7e8c\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u3002\u6cd5\u570b\u570b\u9632\u90e8\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6 Gilles Vergnaud \u5206\u6790\u9020\u6210\u8d8a\u53571964-1966\u5e74\u9f20\u75ab\u768461\u682a\u6a23\u54c1\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\u90fd\u76f8\u540c\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5176\u540c\u4e8bChristine Pourcel\u767c\u73fe\u5728CRISPR \u7684\u524d\u7aef\u9593\u9694\u5e8f\u5217 (spacers)\u6709\u6240\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u63d0\u51faCRISPR\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u5c07\u904e\u53bb\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\u7684\u8a18\u61b6\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4fdd\u8b77\u7d30\u83cc\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u611f\u67d3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u540c\u6a23\u9762\u5c0d\u88ab\u671f\u520a\u62d2\u7d55\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u6700\u5f8c\u665a Mojica\u4e00\u500b\u6708\u7684\u6642\u9593\u767c\u8868\u65bc Microbiology\u3002\u670d\u52d9\u65bc\u6cd5\u570b\u4e00\u98df\u54c1\u516c\u53f8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8005Philippe Horvath\u548c\u5176\u540c\u4e8bRodolphe Barrangou\u57282007\u5e74\u4ee5\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u660e CRISPR \u662f\u4e00\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u9632\u79a6\u514d\u75ab\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ed6\u5011\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe Cas7\u53c3\u8207\u5f62\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u9593\u9694\u548c\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca Cas9 \u5177\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u9176\u90e8\u4f4dHNH\u548c RuvC\u53ef\u4ee5\u5207\u65b7\u6838\u82f7\u9178\uff0c\u4e14\u70ba\u9054\u5230\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u529f\u6548\uff0c\u9593\u9694\u5e8f\u5217\u548c\u6a19\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\u5fc5\u9808\u5b8c\u5168\u76f8\u540c\u3002<\/p>\n

2008\u5e74\u5fb7\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6John van der Oost \u548c\u5176\u540c\u4e8b\u9996\u5148\u76f4\u63a5\u8a2d\u8a08\u51fa\u4ee5CRISPR\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u50cf\u662f\u5e6b\u7d30\u83cc\u6253\u4e86\u75ab\u82d7\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u53d7\u566c\u83cc\u9ad4\u611f\u67d3\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6 Luciano Marraffini\u548cErik Sontheimer \u5247\u8b49\u5be6 CRISPR \u662f\u4ee5 DNA \u70ba\u6a19\u7684\uff0c\u4e26\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51faCRISPR \u53ef\u80fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u61c9\u7528\u65bc\u4e0d\u540c\u7269\u7a2e\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7de8\u8f2f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6709\u63d0\u51fa\u5c08\u5229\u7533\u8acb\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5be6\u9a57\u4f50\u8b49\uff0c\u5f8c\u4f86\u7d42\u7a76\u653e\u68c4\u3002<\/p>\n

Sylvain Monieau \u5ef6\u7e8c Barrangou \u5148\u524d\u5c0d Cas9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u767c\u73fe Cas9\u6703\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u5207\u5728PAM\uff08proto-spacer adjacent motif) \u524d\u4e09\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c0d\u7684\u4f4d\u7f6e\u3002\u53e6\u5916 Emmanuelle Charpentier \u548c J\u1f42rg Vogel\u5718\u968a\u5247\u767c\u73fe\u5728\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7b2c\u4e09\u591a\u7684\u8f49\u9304\u7269 tracrRNA\uff08trans-activating CRISPR RNA)\u6703\u548c\u7531CRISPR\u5e8f\u5217\u6240\u8f49\u9304\u51fa\u4f86\u7684crRNA\u524d\u8eab\u7d50\u5408\uff0c\u518d\u7531 RNaseIII\u4fee\u526a\u70ba\u5177\u529f\u80fd\u6027\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u81f3\u6b64\u968e\u6bb5\u5df2\u7d93\u80fd\u638c\u63e1CRISPR\u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u9700\u7684\u8981\u4ef6\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u662f Virginijus Siksnys\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c07 CRISPR \u7cfb\u7d71\u79fb\u81f3\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u4e00\u91cd\u8981\u91cc\u7a0b\u7891\uff0c\u78ba\u8a8d CRISPR-Cas9 \u7cfb\u7d71\u6240\u9700\u4e14\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u5143\u4ef6\uff1aCas9 \u6838\u82f7\u9178\u4a48\u3001crRNA\u4ee5\u53catracrRNA\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4ee5\u7d14\u5316\u7684 Cas9\u86cb\u767d\u7814\u7a76\u6574\u500b\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\uff0c\u6700\u6232\u5287\u5316\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u662f\u5229\u7528\u8a2d\u8a08CRISPR\u88cf\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u9593\u9694\u5e8f\u5217\uff08spacer)\uff0c\u8b93\u6b64\u7cfb\u7d71\u53bb\u8fa8\u8b58\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u4f4d\u7f6e\u4e26\u5207\u65b7 DNA\uff0cSiksnys \u57282012\u5e74\u4ee5\u6b64\u7533\u8acb\u7f8e\u570b\u5c08\u5229\u3002\u5927\u7d04\u5728\u540c\u6642 Charpentier \u548c Jennifer Doudna \u5408\u4f5c\u4e5f\u6709\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u548c\u9032\u5c55\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u5c07crRNA\u548ctracrRNA \u9023\u7d50\u6210sgRNA (single-guide RNA)\uff0c\u6b64\u4e00\u6982\u5ff5\u5f8c\u4f86\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u7d93\u4fee\u6539\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u5730\u5728\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5167\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5169\u500b\u5718\u968a\u4e5f\u540c\u6642\u90fd\u63d0\u51fa\u6b64\u4e00\u7cfb\u7d71\u672a\u4f86\u5728\u751f\u7269\u79d1\u6280\u4e0a\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u6f5b\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u5716\u4e00 \u767c\u5c55\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7de8\u8f2f\u6280\u8853\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u4e2d\u4e09\u7a2e\u5df2\u77e5\u7cfb\u7d71\u4e2d\u6700\u7c21\u55ae\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0cClass2, Type II CRISPR-Cas\u7cfb\u7d71\u3002 A. \u7cfb\u7d71\u5305\u542b\u4e86CRISPR\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u56db\u500b\u86cb\u767d\u57fa\u56e0(cas9,cas1,cas2\u548ccns2)\u4ee5\u53catracRNA\u3002\u5176\u4e2d CRISPR\u5e8f\u5217\u5305\u62ec\u91cd\u8907\u5340\u57df\uff08\u9ed1\u8272\u947d\u5f62\uff09\u8207\u5916\u4f86\u5165\u4fb5\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7247\u6bb5\u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7684\u9593\u9694\u5e8f\u5217\uff08spacer,\u5f69\u8272\u77e9\u5f62\uff09\u3002\u4e00\u65e6\u5165\u4fb5\u7684DNA\u548c\u9593\u9694\u5e8f\u5217\u543b\u5408\uff0ccas9\u6240\u8f49\u8b6f\u51fa\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u9176\uff0c\u6703\u5c07\u5176\u5207\u65b7\uff0c\u9054\u5230\u514d\u75ab\u7684\u529f\u6548\u3002\u800c\u53e6\u5916\u4e09\u500b\u86cb\u767d\u5247\u662f\u5f9e\u5165\u4fb5\u7684DNA\u7247\u6bb5\u505a\u51fa\u65b0\u7684\u9593\u9694\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4f7f\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0d\u6703\u518d\u53d7\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u611f\u67d3\u3002 B. Pre-crRNA\u548c tracrRNA\u88ab\u8f49\u9304\u51fa\u4f86 C. Pre-crRNA\u548c tracrRNA\u4ee5\u5176\u4e92\u88dc\u5e8f\u5217\u7d50\u5408\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u518d\u7531Cas9\u86cb\u767d\u53ca RNaseIII\u5c07\u5176\u4fee\u77ed\u3002 D. \u6240\u5f62\u6210\u7d50\u69cb(Cas9+tracrRNA+crRNA\uff09\u958b\u59cb\u5c0b\u627e\u548c\u9593\u9694\u5e8f\u5217\u76f8\u543b\u5408\u7684\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u5f8cCas9\u6703\u6293\u4f4f\u5177\u6709\u5206\u5b50\u628a\u624b\u529f\u80fd\u7684 PAM\uff0c\u7136\u5f8c\u7d50\u5408\u81f3\u76ee\u6a19\u5340\u3002 E. \u65bcPAM\u4e0a\u6e38\u4e09\u9e7c\u57fa\u5c0d\u8655\u5207\u65b7\u76ee\u6a19DNA<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u4e0b\u4e00\u500b\u91cd\u5927\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u4f86\u81ea\u83ef\u88d4\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f35\u92d2 (Feng  Zhang)\uff0c\u4ed6\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4fee\u6539 Cas9\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u9069\u5408\u5b58\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684 tracrRNA\uff0c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u5c07CRISPR\u7cfb\u7d71\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7d30\u80de\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9ad8\u6548\u7387\u4e14\u6e96\u78ba\u5730\u4fee\u6539\u7279\u5b9a\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5f35\u92d2\u66f4\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u4ee5\u6b64\u7cfb\u7d71\u505a\u51fa\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u8001\u9f20\u7cfb\u7d71\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u907a\u50b3\u75be\u75c5\u53ca\u764c\u75c7\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u5f9e\u5168\u57fa\u56e0\u5eab\u7be9\u6aa2\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7279\u5b9a\u751f\u7269\u904e\u7a0b\u7684\u5fc5\u9700\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u540c\u6642\u4ed6\u548c\u751f\u7269\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5b78\u8005Kooin \u767c\u73fe\u65b0\u7684 Class 2 CRISPR\u7cfb\u7d71\uff0c\u53ea\u9700\u53e6\u4e00\u6838\u82f7\u9178\u9176\u53ca crRNA\u5169\u500b\u5143\u7d20\u4fbf\u8db3\u5920\u3002\u5f35\u92d2\u57282013\u5e74\u521d\u65bc Science \u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6b64\u4e00\u9818\u57df\u88ab\u5f15\u7528\u6700\u591a\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6 George Church\u4e5f\u548c\u5f35\u92d2\u6709\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5373\u4ee5\u5168\u9577\u7684crRNA-tracRNA\u9023\u7d50\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\uff0c\u5728\u54fa\u4e73\u52d5\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u5167\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u6bd4\u8f03\u597d\uff0c\u4ed6\u540c\u6642\u7de8\u8f2f\u4e03\u8655\u57fa\u56e0\uff0c\u5206\u6790\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u91cd\u7d44\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u4e26\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u671f\u671f\u520a\u767c\u8868\u7de8\u8f2f\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u3002\u81f3\u6b64\u773e\u591a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u9678\u7e8c\u6210\u529f\u5730\u4ee5CRISPR\u70ba\u57fa\u790e\u53bb\u7de8\u8f2f\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u751f\u7269\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\uff0c\u66f4\u671d\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u7642\u6cd5\u53ca\u8fb2\u696d\u751f\u7522\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u63d0\u51fa\u4ee5\u6b64\u6280\u8853\u53bb\u8a2d\u8a08\u4eba\u985e\u80ce\u5152\u7684\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"
\u5716\u4e8c \u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4f86CRISPR\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u6a6b\u8de8\u4e5d\u500b\u570b\u5bb6\u5341\u4e8c\u500b\u57ce\u5e02 1. 1993\u5e74 \u767c\u73fe CRISPR 2. 2003\u5e74 CRISPR \u662f\u4e00\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u514d\u75ab\u7cfb\u7d71 3. 2006\u5e74 \u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u5be6CRISPR\u78ba\u5be6\u5177\u9069\u61c9\u6027\u514d\u75ab\u529f\u80fd 4. 2008\u5e74 \u7a0b\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08CRISPR 5. 2008\u5e74 CRISPR \u4f5c\u7528\u5728DNA 6. 2010\u5e74 Cas9 \u86cb\u767d\u5728crRNA\u7684\u5f15\u5c0e\u4e0b\u5207\u65b7\u96d9\u80a1 DNA 7. 2010\u5e74 \u767c\u73fetracrRNA 8. 2011\u5e74 \u5728\u76f8\u9694\u751a\u9060\u7684\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5167\u91cd\u5efa CRISPR\u7cfb\u7d71 9. 2012\u5e74 \u5728\u751f\u7269\u9ad4\u5916\u7814\u7a76 CRISPR 10. 2012\u5e74 \u5728\u54fa\u4e73\u985e\u52d5\u7269\u7d30\u80de\u5185\u9032\u884c\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u7de8\u8f2f<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u4f86\u6574\u500bCRISPR\u7cfb\u7d71\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u8a34\u8aac\u8457\u8a31\u591a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c64\u9762\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\uff0c\u5305\u542b\u4e86\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u767c\u73fe\u3001\u767c\u8868\u8ad6\u6587\u6240\u9762\u5c0d\u7684\u56f0\u96e3\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u7d93\u8cbb\u554f\u984c\u548c\u6b64\u6280\u8853\u53ef\u80fd\u5f15\u767c\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u502b\u7406\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u793e\u6703\u5927\u773e\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u3002\u6700\u521d\u958b\u7814\u7a76\u52d5\u6a5f\u53ea\u662f\u60f3\u8981\u4e86\u89e3\u8010\u9e7d\u6027\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u6240\u542b\u7684\u5947\u602a\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\u3001\u8ecd\u4e8b\u4e0a\u8981\u62b5\u6297\u751f\u5316\u6b66\u5668\u6216\u662f\u98df\u54c1\u5de5\u696d\u4e0a\u8981\u589e\u52a0\u512a\u683c\u7684\u751f\u7522\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u4ee5\u7de8\u8f2f\u4eba\u985e\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u6216\u6cbb\u7642\u75be\u75c5\u70ba\u76ee\u7684\u3002\u800c\u76ee\u524d\u65b0\u8208\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u5728\u6c92\u6709\u5047\u8a2d\u524d\u63d0\u4e0b\uff0c\u53bb\u5206\u6790\u5927\u6578\u64da\u53ca\u57fa\u56e0\u5eab\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u66f4\u7279\u5225\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u5728CRISPR\u7cfb\u7d71\u767c\u5c55\u53f2\u4e0a\u5e7e\u500b\u95dc\u9375\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u5e74\u8f15\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u4e0d\u61fc\u98a8\u96aa\u9858\u610f\u6311\u6230\uff0c\u64c1\u6709\u5f37\u70c8\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u52d5\u6a5f\u8207\u4fe1\u5fc3\uff0c\u537b\u5e38\u53d7\u9650\u65bc\u6c92\u6709\u8db3\u5920\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d93\u8cbb\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u66b4\u9732\u51fa\u79d1\u5b78\u7814\u7a76\u7d93\u8cbb\u8cc7\u6e90\u5206\u914d\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u503c\u5f97\u570b\u5bb6\u91cd\u65b0\u8003\u91cf\u56b4\u8085\u9762\u5c0d\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u6587\u737b<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Lander, E.S. (2016). The Heroes of CRISPR. Cell 164<\/em>, 18-28.<\/li>\n
  2. Mojica, F.J., Juez, G., and Rodriguez-Valera, F. (1993). Transcription at different salinities of Haloferax mediterranei sequences adjacent to partially modified PstI sites. Molecular microbiology 9<\/em>, 613-621.<\/li>\n
  3. Mojica, F.J.M., Diez-Villasenor, C., Garcia-Martinez, J., and Soria, E. (2005). Intervening sequences of regularly spaced prokaryotic repeats derive from foreign genetic elements. J Mol Evol 60<\/em>, 174-182.<\/li>\n
  4. Cong, L., Ran, F.A., Cox, D., Lin, S., Barretto, R., Habib, N., Hsu, P.D., Wu, X., Jiang, W., Marraffini, L.A., et al.<\/em> (2013). Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR\/Cas systems. Science 339<\/em>, 819-823.<\/li>\n
  5. Mali, P., Yang, L., Esvelt, K.M., Aach, J., Guell, M., DiCarlo, J.E., Norville, J.E., and Church, G.M. (2013). RNA-guided human genome engineering via Cas9. Science 339<\/em>, 823-826.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    CRISPR \u898f\u5247\u6027\u9593\u9694\u91cd\u8907\u8ff4\u6587\u5e8f\u5217\u7fa4\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc\u897f\u73ed\u7259\u4e00\u5730\u4e2d\u6d77\u6d77\u6e2f\uff0cFrancisco Mojica \u7684\u6307\u5c0e\u6559\u6388\u767c\u73fe\u751f\u6d3b\u5728\u6cbc\u6fa4\u4e2d\u4e00\u8010\u9e7d\u6027\u6975\u9ad8\u7684\u53e4\u7d30\u83cc\uff0c\u5176\u57fa\u56e0\u9ad4\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u751f\u9577\u74b0\u5883\u9e7d\u5ea6\u4e0d\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u9650\u5236\u9176\u5207\u51fa\u4e0d\u540c\u7247\u6bb5\u3002Mojica\u5206\u6790\u9019\u4e9b\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57fa\u56e0\u7247\u6bb5\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u4e00\u500b\u7279\u6b8a\u7d50\u69cb\u542b\u6709\u985e\u4f3c\u8ff4\u6587\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\u53ca\u9593\u9694\uff0c\u548c\u5176\u4ed6\u5df2\u77e5\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\u4e0d\u540c\u3002\u4e4b\u5f8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u4ed6\u81f4\u529b\u65bc\u89e3\u958b\u9019\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u795e\u5bc6\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u53e4\u7d30\u83cc\u4e5f\u5177\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u800c\u4e00\u65e5\u672c\u7814\u7a76\u5718\u968a\u5728\u7d30\u83cc\u88cf\u4e5f\u767c\u73fe\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002Mojica\u8a8d\u70ba\u5982\u6b64\u76f8\u53bb\u751a\u9060\u7684\u5fae\u751f\u7269\u537b\u6709\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5728\u539f\u39e1\u751f\u7269\u4e2d\u4e00\u5b9a\u6709\u5176\u7279\u6b8a\u610f\u7fa9\u3002\u7531\u65bcMojica\u624d\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u6559\u8077\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u7814\u7a76\u7d93\u8cbb\u4e0d\u8db3\uff0c\u53ea\u597d\u8f49\u800c\u4ee5\u751f\u7269\u8cc7\u8a0a\u5b78\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u9019\u5947\u7279\u7684\u91cd\u8907\u5e8f\u5217\uff0c\u4e26\u547d\u540d\u70ba SESRs (short regularly spaced repeats)\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u4fee\u6539\u6210 CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats)\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":33922,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,1025],"tags":[3075,3108,1911],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/04\/2.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33920"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33920"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33920\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33923,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33920\/revisions\/33923"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/33922"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33920"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33920"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33920"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}