{"id":33801,"date":"2019-03-11T00:13:12","date_gmt":"2019-03-10T16:13:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33801"},"modified":"2019-03-07T11:18:05","modified_gmt":"2019-03-07T03:18:05","slug":"1937%e5%b9%b4%e8%ab%be%e8%b2%9d%e7%88%be%e7%89%a9%e7%90%86%e7%8d%8e%e7%9a%84%e9%97%9c%e9%8d%b5%e5%bd%b1%e9%9f%bf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33801","title":{"rendered":"1937\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u5f71\u97ff"},"content":{"rendered":"

1937\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u9812\u7d66\u4e86\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee(George Paget Thomson)\u548c\u6234\u7dad\u68ee(Clinton Davisson)<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u301d\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u96fb\u5b50\u88ab\u6676\u9ad4\u7e5e\u5c04\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u767c\u73fe\u301e<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n

\u539f\u6587\u4f5c\u8005\uff1a<\/strong>Luisa Bonolis<\/strong>
\n<\/em>\u8521\u860a\u660e<\/strong> \u7bc0\u8b6f <\/strong>2019\/03\/01 <\/strong>\u65bc\u53f0\u5927\u5316\u5b78\u7cfb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u8b6f\u8005\u524d\u8a00\uff1a<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u672c\u6587\u51fa\u81ea\u65bc\u6797\u5cf6\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u6842\u51a0\u5f97\u4e3b\u6703\u8b70(The Lindau Nobel Laureate Meetings)\u6240\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7db2\u7ad9\uff0c\u6b64\u570b\u969b\u6703\u8b70\u81ea1951\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\u65bc\u5fb7\u570b\u6797\u5cf6\u8209\u8fa6\uff0c\u6bcf\u6b21\u9080\u8acb\u8d85\u904e\u4e09\u5341\u4f4d\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u6842\u51a0\u5f97\u4e3b\uff0c\u4e26\u6709\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u3001\u7814\u7a76\u6240\u5b78\u751f\u53ca\u535a\u58eb\u5f8c\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u54e1\u53c3\u8207\uff0c\u4e00\u540c\u9032\u884c\u5c0d\u8a71\u4ee5\u4fc3\u9032\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u6b64\u7db2\u7ad9\u63d0\u4f9b\u8a31\u591a\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u7684\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u800c\u6b64\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0\u4e43\u662f\u4ecb\u7d39 George Paget Thomson (\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee)\u7684\u751f\u5e73\u53ca\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u9577\u6587\uff0c\u672c\u8b6f\u6587\u5c0d\u5176\u751f\u5e73\u7684\u90e8\u5206\u53ea\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684\u7ffb\u8b6f\u4e86\u5e7e\u6bb5\u6587\u5b57\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u91cd\u9ede\u653e\u5728\u5176\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e0a\u3002\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u65bc1937\u5e74\u8207Clinton Davisson(\u6234\u7dad\u68ee)\u5171\u540c\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\uff0c\u4e8c\u7d44\u4eba\u99ac\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u7269\u8cea\u6ce2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u4fe1\u5ea6\u4e0a\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6b64\u6587\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u4ecb\u7d39\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u90a31920\u5e74\u4ee3\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u76f8\u95dc\u4e4b\u80cc\u666f\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u5c0d\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u8207\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7af6\u5408\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ea6\u6709\u751f\u52d5\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u6211\u8b1b\u8ab2\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002\u6bcf\u5e74\u6559\u5230\u91cf\u5b50\u5316\u5b78\u4e2d\u90a3\u500b\u9032\u5c55\u7cbe\u5f69\u7684\u5e74\u4ee3\u6642\uff0c\u5e38\u91cd\u8b80\u6b64\u6587\uff0c\u6bcf\u6bcf\u611f\u89ba\u8eab\u6b77\u5176\u5883\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5df2\u5165\u8033\u9806\u4e4b\u5e74\uff0c\u4ecd\u6703\u611f\u89ba\u8001\u8840\u6cb8\u9a30\u3002\u6211\u5411\u4f86\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5b78\u7fd2\u4e00\u4e9b\u751f\u786c\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u7406\u8ad6\u6642\uff0c\u82e5\u80fd\u914d\u5408\u76f8\u95dc\u7684\u61c9\u7528\u3001\u6b77\u53f2\u548c\u4eba\u6587\u7d20\u6750\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u8edf\u5316\u90a3\u4e9b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u3002\u4e0a\u8ab2\u6709\u6642\u9593\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u7e3d\u662f\u7121\u6cd5\u76e1\u5176\u6240\u8a00\uff0c\u4eca\u5e74\u7d22\u6027\u8b6f\u6210\u4e2d\u6587\u8b93\u6709\u8208\u8da3\u8005\u65b9\u4fbf\u95b1\u8b80\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u4e5d\u5341\u591a\u5e74\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u7576\u5e74\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u7e5e\u5c04\u5be6\u9a57\u5df2\u7d93\u5927\u5e45\u7684\u6f14\u9032\uff0c\u5982\u4eca\u57fa\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u6982\u5ff5\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u7684\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u5a01\u529b\u7121\u7aae\u30022017\u5e74\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u5011\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u4f4e\u6eab\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u8853\uff0c\u5728\u5de8\u5927\u751f\u7269\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u89e3\u6790\u4e4b\u9818\u57df\u4e2d\u7bc0\u7bc0\u52dd\u5229\uff0c\u5c07\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u5e36\u5165\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u7d00\u5143<\/em>(\u8b6f\u8a3b1)\u3002\u96a8\u5373\u5728<\/em>\u525b\u904e\u5b8c\u76842018\u5e74\uff0c\u516c\u8a8d\u7684\u4e00\u9805\u7814\u7a76\u7a81\u7834\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5169\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587(\u8b6f\u8a3b2,3)\uff0c\u5831\u5c0e\u4e86\u5229\u7528\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\uff0c\u5728\u4f4e\u6eab\u89e3\u51fa\u6676\u9ad4\u5c3a\u5bf8\u5c0f\u5230100\u5948\u7c73(100\u00d710-<\/sup>9<\/sup> m)\u7684\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u6709\u6a5f\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u5e38\u9700\u501a\u8cf4X-\u5c04\u7dda\u7d50\u6676\u8853(X-ray crystallography)\u53d6\u5f97\u8a31\u591a\u5c0f\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8a0a\u606f\uff0c\u4f46\u74f6\u9838\u662f\u5fc5\u9808\u5148\u80fd\u53d6\u5f97\u5927\u5c0f\u57285\u5fae\u7c73(5\u00d710-<\/sup>6<\/sup> m)\u5c3a\u5ea6\u4e14\u54c1\u8cea\u826f\u597d\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\u3002\u9019\u9805\u65b0\u6280\u8853\u7a81\u7834\u4e86\u6a23\u54c1\u5927\u5c0f\u53ca\u54c1\u8cea\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u6309\u7167\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u8da8\u52e2\uff0c\u4e0d\u6703\u610f\u5916\uff0c\u73fe\u5728\u88ab\u7a31\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u7d50\u6676\u8853(electron crystallography)\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u5c07\u6210\u70ba\u5316\u5b78\u5bb6\u89e3\u958b\u7d50\u69cb\u5967\u79d8\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u56de\u5230GP\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\uff0c\u4ed6\u80cc\u8ca0\u8457\u7236\u89aa\u7684\u76db\u540d\uff0c\u537b\u80fd\u5920\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u65b9\u5411\u5275\u9020\u5049\u696d\uff0c\u771f\u53ef\u8b02\u864e\u7236\u7121\u72ac\u5b50\u7684\u6700\u4f73\u4f8b\u8b49\u3002<\/p>\n

\u300c\u79d1\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u4f9d\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u8005\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u63d0\u4f9b\u6750\u6599\u300d<\/strong><\/p>\n

George Paget Thomson (\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee)\u65bc1937\u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5728\u8607\u683c\u862d\u4e9e\u4f2f\u4e01(Aberdeen)\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u8cea\u3002\u96d6\u7136\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u89aaJJ\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u5df2\u7d93\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f46GP\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u8b49\u660e\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u6ce2\u90a3\u6a23\u7522\u751f\u7e5e\u5c04\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u767c\u73fe\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u500b\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u7531\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f(de Broglie) (\u8b6f\u8a3b4)\u57281920\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u9996\u5148\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\u3002\u8a72\u734e\u9805\u8207\u6234\u7dad\u68ee(Clinton Joseph Davisson)\u5206\u4eab\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u900f\u904e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u8def\u5f91\uff0c\u5f97\u5230\u540c\u6a23\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u3002<\/p>\n

1930\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u5728\u96fb\u5b50\u7e5e\u5c04\u65b9\u9762\u4fdd\u6301\u8457\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u4e2d\u5b50\u548c\u6b63\u5b50\u4ee5\u53ca\u4eba\u5de5\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u76f8\u95dc\u767c\u73fe\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u958b\u59cb\u6df1\u5165\u53c3\u8207\u6838\u7269\u7406\u9818\u57df\u30021939\u5e74\uff0c\u5728\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u904e\u7a0b\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u96a8\u8457\u8a72\u9818\u57df\u4e0d\u53ef\u601d\u8b70\u7684\u64f4\u5c55\uff0c\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u82f1\u570b\u6230\u6642\u539f\u5b50\u80fd\u8a08\u756b\u4e0a\u767c\u63ee\u4e86\u91cd\u8981\u4f5c\u7528\uff0c\u76ee\u6a19\u70ba\u5efa\u7acb\u53ef\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u9023\u9396\u53cd\u61c9\u3002\u5c0e\u81f4\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u7206\u767c\u7684\u6232\u5287\u6027\u4e8b\u4ef6\uff0c\u4fc3\u4f7f\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u57281940\u5e74\u81f31941\u5e74\u9593\u6210\u7acb\u98db\u6a5f\u88fd\u9020\u90e8\u95dc\u9375\u7684MAUD\u59d4\u54e1\u6703\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\u539f\u5b50\u5f48\u70ba\u53ef\u884c\u7684\u3002\u5728\u6230\u722d\u7d50\u675f\u6642\uff0c\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u958b\u59cb\u5c0d\u548c\u5e73\u61c9\u7528\u71b1\u6838\u7194\u5408\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4e26\u5354\u52a9\u63a8\u52d5\u4e86\u82f1\u570b\u65bc\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6838\u7194\u5408\u8a08\u5283\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96fb\u5b50\u8f5f\u64ca\u91d1\u5c6c\u677f\u7684\u610f\u5916\u767c\u73fe<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5f9e1920\u5e74\u958b\u59cb\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u570b\u8c9d\u723e\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4(Bell Labs)\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u6234\u7dad\u68ee(Davisson)\u548c\u9769\u672b(Germer)\u7814\u7a76\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u500b\u554f\u984c\uff1a\u53d7\u5230\u96fb\u5b50\u8f5f\u64ca\u7684\u67f5\u6750\u548c\u677f\u584a\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u96fb\u5b50\u653e\u5c04\u7684\u6027\u8cea\u662f\u4ec0\u9ebc\uff1f\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\uff0c\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u525b\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u4e00\u4f4d\u65b0\u52a9\u624b\uff0c\u90a3\u662f\u4f86\u81ea\u52a0\u5dde\u7684\u65b0\u79d1\u535a\u58eb\u6606\u65af\u66fc(Kunsman)\u3002\u5728\u958b\u59cb\u4e8c\u6b21\u96fb\u5b50\u653e\u5c04\u7814\u7a76\u5f8c\u4e0d\u4e45\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u4e00\u7a2e\u610f\u60f3\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u73fe\u8c61\uff1a\u4e00\u5c0f\u90e8\u5206(\u7d041\uff05)\u7684\u5165\u5c04\u96fb\u5b50\u675f\u88ab\u6563\u5c04\u56de\u96fb\u5b50\u69cd\u65b9\u5411\uff0c\u4e14\u5e7e\u4e4e\u6c92\u6709\u80fd\u91cf\u640d\u5931\uff1a\u4ea6\u5373\u96fb\u5b50\u88ab\u5f48\u6027\u6563\u5c04\u3002\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u5c0d\u6b64\u73fe\u8c61\u6240\u63cf\u7e6a\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u6b64\u6563\u5c04\u6a5f\u5236\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u84cb\u9769(Geiger)\u548c\u99ac\u58eb\u767b(Marsden)\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u7814\u7a76\u4e4b\u91d1\u7b94\u7684 a \u5c04\u7dda\u6563\u5c04\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u62c9\u585e\u798f(Rutherford)\u57281911\u5e74\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u6a21\u578b\u3002\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u56e0\u6b64\u5e0c\u671b\u985e\u4f3c\u5730\u4f7f\u7528\u6563\u5c04\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u4f86\u63a2\u6e2c\u539f\u5b50\u5167\u7684\u6838\u5916\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u5c31\u50cf a \u7c92\u5b50\u6210\u70ba\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u7684\u63a2\u6e2c\u5668\u4e00\u6a23\u3002\u4ed6\u975e\u5e38\u71b1\u4e2d\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4e26\u6210\u529f\u5730\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u8a31\u53ef\uff0c\u80fd\u5c07\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7814\u7a76\u6642\u9593\u7528\u65bc\u9019\u500b\u65b0\u8ab2\u984c\uff0c\u4e14\u70ba\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u67b6\u69cb\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684\u5100\u5668\u3002\u5176\u57fa\u672c\u88dd\u7f6e\u662f\u5e36\u6709\u96fb\u5b50\u69cd\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1\uff0c\u53e6\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8207\u5165\u5c04\u96fb\u5b50\u675f\u621045\u00b0\u89d2\u50be\u659c\u7684\u93b3\u9776\uff0c\u548c\u4f5c\u70ba\u63a5\u6536\u5668\u7684\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u676f\uff0c\u5b83\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u6563\u5c04\u96fb\u5b50\u8def\u5f91\u4e2d\u7684\u6574\u500b135\u00b0\u7bc4\u570d\u5167\u79fb\u52d5\uff0c\u4e26\u8a2d\u5b9a\u6cd5\u62c9\u7b2c\u676f\u63a5\u6536\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u96fb\u58d3\u7bc4\u570d\u5728\u5165\u5c04\u96fb\u5b50\u80fd\u91cf\u768410\uff05\u4ee5\u5167\u3002\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u79d1\u5b78<\/em> (Science<\/em>) \u9019\u4efd\u671f\u520a\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5831\u544a\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6563\u5c04\u5be6\u9a57\u65b9\u6cd5\u6240\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u66f2\u7dda\uff0c\u548c\u4e00\u500b\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u6a21\u578b\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u89e3\u91cb\u7531\u9251\u548c\u9382\u6563\u5c04\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u6240\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u5206\u4f48\u3002\u4f46\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6578\u64da\uff0c\u6a21\u578b\u548c\u9810\u6e2c\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u4e26\u4e0d\u660e\u78ba\uff1b\u76f8\u5c0d\u5730\uff0c\u62c9\u585e\u798f-\u84cb\u9769-\u99ac\u58eb\u767b\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u5176\u7d50\u679c\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\u89e3\u91cb\u4e4b\u9593\u5247\u6709\u8457\u7dca\u5bc6\u95dc\u806f\u6027\uff0c\u4e8c\u8005\u76f8\u5dee\u751a\u9060\u3002\u5118\u7ba1\u4ee4\u4eba\u5931\u671b\uff0c\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u548c\u6606\u65af\u66fc\u4ecd\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5e7e\u5e74\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u5efa\u9020\u4e86\u65b0\u7684\u771f\u7a7a\u7ba1\uff0c\u9084\u5617\u8a66\u7528\u5176\u5b83\u91d1\u5c6c\u4f5c\u70ba\u6a19\u9776\uff0c\u958b\u767c\u51fa\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u9ad8\u771f\u7a7a\u5be6\u9a57\u6280\u8853\u3002\u7e3d\u9ad4\u4f86\u8aaa\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u6563\u5c04\u8a08\u756b\u50c5\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u6709\u9650\u7684\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u7576\u6606\u58eb\u66fc\u57281923\u5e74\u5e95\u96e2\u958b\u8c9d\u723e\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u6642\uff0c\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u9019\u500b\u7814\u7a76\u8ab2\u984c\u3002<\/p>\n

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\u5728\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u548c\u9769\u672b\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5229\u7528X-\u5c04\u7dda\u7e5e\u5c04\u4f86\u7814\u7a76\u6676\u9ad4\u5df2\u767c\u5c55\u5f97\u76f8\u7576\u5168\u9762\uff0c\u5176\u5c0d\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u751f\u7269\u5316\u5b78\u3001\u7269\u7406\u3001\u6750\u6599\u548c\u7926\u7269\u79d1\u5b78\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u5f71\u97ff\u624d\u525b\u525b\u958b\u59cb\u3002X-\u5c04\u7dda\u7e5e\u5c04\u6280\u8853\u8d77\u6e90\u65bc1912\u5e74\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u5c01\u52de\u723e (von Laue) \u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u89c0\u9ede\uff0c\u5047\u8a2dX-\u5c04\u7dda\u662f\u6ce2\u9577\u5f88\u77ed\u7684\u96fb\u78c1\u6ce2\uff0c\u8207\u6676\u683c\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u9593\u8ddd\u5c3a\u5bf8\u76f8\u8fd1\uff0c\u61c9\u53ef\u4ee5\u767c\u751fX-\u5c04\u7dda\u7684\u7e5e\u5c04\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u64da\u7acb\u5373\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u5c01\u52de\u723e\u7684\u5047\u8a2d\uff0c\u800c\u9019\u9805\u6280\u8853\u5f8c\u4f86\u7531\u4ea8\u5229\u30fb\u5e03\u62c9\u683c(Bragg)\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5152\u5b50\u52de\u502b\u65af\u30fb\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u5b8c\u5168\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u5230\u4e861914\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u5df2\u5c07\u7c21\u55ae\u6750\u6599\u7684X-\u5c04\u7dda\u5206\u6790\u7c21\u5316\u6210\u6a19\u6e96\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u5275\u9020\u4e86X-\u5c04\u7dda\u6676\u9ad4\u5b78\u7684\u65b0\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5b78\u79d1\u5f8c\u4f86\u5e7e\u4e4e\u53ef\u70ba\u6bcf\u500b\u79d1\u5b78\u5206\u652f\u63d0\u4f9b\u8cc7\u8a0a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u5149\u8b5c\u5b78\u548c\u56fa\u614b\u7269\u7406\u7684\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u7406\u89e3\u9ad8\u5ea6\u8907\u96dc\u7684\u5206\u5b50\u548c\u6750\u6599\u4e4b\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u5206\u5b50\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u9818\u57df\u3002\u5c01\u52de\u723e\u6191\u85c9\u5176\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u7372\u5f97\u4e861914\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\uff0c\u800c\u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u7236\u5b50\u5247\u5171\u540c\u7372\u5f97\u4e861915\u5e74\u7684\u7269\u7406\u734e\uff0c\u301d\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5011\u5728X-\u5c04\u7dda\u5206\u6790\u6676\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u201d<\/p>\n

\u5728\u5c0d\u6676\u9ad4\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u5e7e\u500b\u6708\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5c0d\u5176\u53d7\u640d\u93b3\u9776\u7684\u6aa2\u67e5\u5f8c\uff0c\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u548c\u9769\u672b\u8a8d\u70ba\u5c07\u4e00\u500b\u5df2\u77e5\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u5927\u578b\u55ae\u6676\u5faa\u7279\u5b9a\u65b9\u5411\u64fa\u653e\uff0c\u61c9\u53ef\u6210\u70ba\u66f4\u5408\u9069\u7684\u9776\u6750\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u57281926\u5e744\u6708\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u5408\u9069\u7684\u6676\u9ad4\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u5b83\u5b89\u88dd\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7684\u8a2d\u5099\u4e2d\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7d93\u904e\u6574\u6574\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u50c5\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u76f8\u7576\u7121\u8da3\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4f7f\u5f97\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u518d\u6b21\u975e\u5e38\u5931\u671b\u3002\u57281926\u5e74\u7684\u590f\u5929\uff0c\u4ed6\u8a08\u5283\u53bb\u82f1\u570b\u5ea6\u5047\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u4ed6\u8207\u59bb\u5b50\u4e00\u8d77\u8a2d\u60f3\u7684\u301d\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u871c\u6708\u201d\uff0c\u4f46\u9019\u5c07\u6703\u7d66\u4ed6\u4e00\u500b\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u8996\u89d2\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\u7684\u767c\u5c55<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u548c\u683c\u672b\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u524d\u5e7e\u5e74\uff0c\u4e9e\u745f\u30fb\u5eb7\u666e\u9813(Compton)\u5ba3\u5e03\u4e86\u4e94\u5e74\u5de5\u4f5c\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5be6\u9a57\u548c\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u8207\u55ae\u8272X-\u5c04\u7dda\u53d7\u78b3\u9776\u4e2d\u96fb\u5b50\u6563\u5c04\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5eb7\u666e\u9813\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u6563\u5c04\u7684X-\u5c04\u7dda\u4e4b\u6ce2\u9577\uff0c\u6bd4\u5165\u5c04\u5230\u76ee\u6a19\u7684X-\u5c04\u7dda\u6ce2\u9577\u66f4\u9577\uff0c\u5176\u5dee\u7570\u96a8\u8457\u6563\u5c04\u89d2\u7684\u589e\u52a0\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u30021923\u5e74\uff0c\u4ed6\u5728\u7269\u7406\u8a55\u8ad6<\/em>\u9019\u4efd\u671f\u520a\u4e2d\u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4ed6\u5047\u8a2dX-\u5c04\u7dda\u4e4b\u96fb\u78c1\u91cf\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u7c92\u5b50\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4e26\u4ee5\u6b64\u8f3b\u5c04\u91cf\u5b50\u548c\u96fb\u5b50\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u78b0\u649e\uff0c\u904b\u7528\u80fd\u91cf\u548c\u52d5\u91cf\u5b88\u6046\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u4ed6\u7684\u6578\u64da\u3002\u65bc1920\u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u57281905\u5e74\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4b\u5149\u7684\u7c92\u5b50\u6027\u8cea\u5b78\u8aaa\u4ecd\u7136\u5b58\u5728\u722d\u8b70\u3002\u73fe\u5728\uff0c\u5eb7\u666e\u9813\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u70ba\u7c92\u5b50\u884c\u70ba\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u660e\u78ba\u800c\u7368\u7acb\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u5eb7\u666e\u9813\u56e0\u301d\u767c\u73fe\u4ee5\u4ed6\u547d\u540d\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u201d\u800c\u88ab\u6388\u4e881927\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5728\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u548c\u683c\u672b\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff0c\u5149\u7684\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u8cea\u525b\u56e0\u4e0a\u8ff0\u7814\u7a76\u5f97\u5230\u8b49\u5be6\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u6b64\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f(de Broglie)\u57281924\u5e7411\u670825\u65e5\u65bc\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u53e3\u8a66\u6642\uff0c\u660e\u78ba\u7684\u63d0\u8b70\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u95dc\u65bc\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\u6676\u9ad4\u7684\u7e5e\u5c04\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u7814\u7a76\u4ed6\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4b\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u5143\u6027\u89c0\u9ede\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7531\u65bc\u96e3\u4ee5\u7522\u751f\u6240\u9700\u7684\u9ad8\u771f\u7a7a\u4e26\u6aa2\u6e2c\u4f4e\u5f37\u5ea6\u96fb\u5b50\u675f\uff0c\u4e00\u4e9b\u6b50\u6d32\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u5617\u8a66\u3002\u7279\u5225\u662f1925\u5e74\u521d\uff0c\u5728\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839(G\u00f6ttingen)\u7684\u73bb\u6069(Born)\u4e4b\u5b78\u751f\u57c3\u723e\u85a9\u745f(Elsasser)\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7522\u751f\u4e86\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u4e26\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u65e9\u671f\u7531\u5189\u7d39\u8033(Ramsauer) \u9032\u884c\u7684\uff0c\u95dc\u65bc\u6162\u96fb\u5b50\u6563\u5c04\u4e4b\u5be6\u9a57(\u5728\u60f0\u6027\u6c23\u9ad4\u4e2d\u96fb\u5b50\u6a6b\u622a\u9762\u4f4e\u901f\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u7570\u5e38\u884c\u70ba)\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u548c\u6606\u65af\u66fc\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u96fb\u5b50\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u8cea\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u6563\u5c04\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c0d\u61c9\u65bc\u6ce2\u7e5e\u5c04\u6240\u9810\u671f\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u3002\u6839\u64da\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u8207\u5176\u52d5\u91cf\u6210\u53cd\u6bd4\uff1b\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9ad8\u901f\u96fb\u5b50\u5177\u6709\u77ed\u6ce2\u9577\uff0c\u8207\u6676\u9ad4\u4e2d\u539f\u5b50\u5c64\u4e4b\u9593\u8ddd\u76f8\u7576\uff0c\u7576\u901a\u904e\u8584\u7247\u6750\u6599\u6216\u5f9e\u6676\u9ad4\u8868\u9762\u53cd\u5c04\u6642\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u9ad8\u901f\u96fb\u5b50\u675f\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u986f\u73fe\u6ce2\u7684\u7e5e\u5c04\u6548\u61c9\u7279\u5fb5\u3002\u57c3\u723e\u85a9\u745f\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u6982\u7565\u6578\u503c\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u7684\u78ba\u5750\u843d\u65bc\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u7bc4\u570d\u3002\u4ed6\u5728Die Naturwissenschaften<\/em> (\u81ea\u7136\u79d1\u5b78<\/em>) \u767c\u8868\u4e86\u4e00\u7bc7\u77ed\u6587\uff0c\u4e26\u8a66\u5716\u9032\u884c\u5be6\u9a57\u4ee5\u5b9a\u91cf\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u8b49\u5be6\u4ed6\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u6c92\u6709\u6210\u529f\uff0c\u6700\u7d42\u653e\u68c4\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6d77\u68ee\u5821(Heisenberg)\uff0c\u73bb\u6069\u548c\u55ac\u767b(Jordan)\u7684\u65b0\u77e9\u9663\u529b\u5b78\uff0c\u662f\u82f1\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u4fc3\u9032\u6703\u65bc1926\u5e74\u590f\u5929\u8209\u884c\u7684\u725b\u6d25\u6703\u8b70\u4e0a\u71b1\u70c8\u8a0e\u8ad6\u7684\u4e3b\u984c\u3002\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u9806\u9053\u53c3\u52a0\u9019\u500b\u6703\u8b70\u6642\uff0c\u57fa\u672c\u4e0a\u4e26\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u9019\u4e9b\u65b0\u8fd1\u7684\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u807d\u5230\u73bb\u6069\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u611f\u5230\u975e\u5e38\u9a5a\u8a1d\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba1923\u5e74\u4ed6\u548c\u6606\u65af\u66fc\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u66f2\u7dda\u88ab\u7576\u6210\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u96fb\u5b50\u6ce2\u7684\u78ba\u947f\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u5be6\u9a57\u6578\u64da\u4e2d\u5fae\u5f31\u7684\u5cf0\u503c\uff0c\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u5df2\u7d93\u8b93\u78ba\u4fe1\u6ce2\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u91cf\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\uff0c\u5c07\u4e4b\u7576\u6210\u4ee4\u4eba\u8208\u596e\u7684\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u6703\u8b70\u7d50\u675f\u5f8c\uff0c\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u8207\u73bb\u6069\uff0c\u6cd5\u862d\u514b(Franck)\u548c\u5e03\u62c9\u514b\u7279(Blackett)\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8a0e\u8ad6\uff0c\u5411\u4ed6\u5011\u5c55\u793a\u4e86\u4ed6\u548c\u683c\u672b\u7528\u55ae\u6676\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u4e00\u4e9b\u6700\u65b0\u6210\u679c\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u8aaa\u670d\u4e86\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\uff0c\u57c3\u723e\u85a9\u745f\u7684\u731c\u6e2c\u662f\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6b63\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u7269\u8cea\u6ce2\u6240\u9020\u6210\u3002<\/p>\n

\u96fb\u5b50\u7e5e\u5c04<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5728\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u7269\u8cea\u6ce2\u548c\u6ce2\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u82b1\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u8de8\u8d8a\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u4e4b\u56de\u7a0b\uff0c\u8a66\u5716\u7406\u89e3\u859b\u4e01\u683c(Schr\u00f6dinger) \u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u8a8d\u70ba\u89e3\u91cb\u53ef\u80fd\u5b58\u5728\u5176\u4e2d\u3002\u9451\u65bc\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u7406\u8ad6\u662f\u6975\u70ba\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6027\u8cea\uff0c\u4ed6\u5df2\u7d93\u78ba\u4fe1\u6709\u5fc5\u8981\u4f9d\u8cf4\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u7684\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u9700\u8981\u8b49\u660e\u5b83\u80fd\u5920\u9810\u6e2c\u800c\u975e\u50c5\u50c5\u89e3\u91cb\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5f85\u4ed6\u56de\u570b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e86\u683c\u672b\u5728\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u4e0d\u5728\u7684\u671f\u9593\u7372\u5f97\u4e4b\u65b0\u66f2\u7dda\uff0c\u767c\u73fe\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u5f37\u5ea6\u5cf0\u503c\uff0c\u8207\u4ed6\u5011\u5f9e\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f-\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u9810\u671f\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u4e4b\u9593\u5b58\u5728\u76f8\u95dc\u5dee\u7570\u3002\u4ed6\u5011\u4ed4\u7d30\u6aa2\u67e5\u4e86\u6574\u500b\u88dd\u7f6e\uff0c\u4e26\u767c\u73fe\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u5dee\u7570\u4f86\u81ea\u65bc\u6536\u96c6\u7bb1\u958b\u53e3\u7684\u610f\u5916\u4f4d\u79fb\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u7684\u7cbe\u5fc3\u6e96\u5099\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u65b0\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4f86\u5c0b\u627e\u7e5e\u5c04\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u675f(\u5716\u4e00)\u3002\u5be6\u9a57\u662f\u5c08\u9580\u6839\u64da\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u5f0f\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\uff0c\u7528\u4ee5\u78ba\u5b9a\u6539\u8b8a\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u662f\u5426\u53ef\u4ee5\u89c0\u5bdf\u5230\u4efb\u4f55\u5f71\u97ff\u3002\u5c0b\u627e\u301d\u91cf\u5b50\u5cf0\u201d(\u5177\u96fb\u58d3\u4f9d\u8cf4\u6027\u7684\u6563\u5c04\u96fb\u5b50\u675f)\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u65bc12\u6708\u5e95\u8207\u65b0\u52a9\u624b\u5361\u723e\u6bd4\u514b(Calbick)(\u525b\u7562\u696d\u7684\u96fb\u6a5f\u5de5\u7a0b\u5e2b)\u5171\u540c\u5c55\u958b\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

1927\u5e741\u6708\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u771f\u6b63\u6210\u529f\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u78ba\u947f\u8b49\u64da\uff0c\u986f\u793a\u7531\u93b3\u7684\u55ae\u6676\u4e4b\u96fb\u5b50\u7e5e\u5c04\u6240\u7522\u751f\u7684\u5e72\u6d89\u73fe\u8c61\u3002\u800c\u50cf\u57c3\u723e\u85a9\u745f\uff0c\u5e03\u62c9\u514b\u7279\uff0c\u67e5\u514c\u514b(Chadwick)\u548c\u827e\u5229\u65af(Ellis)\u9019\u4e9b\u512a\u79c0\u5be6\u9a57\u8005\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u5c0d\u96fb\u5b50\u7e5e\u5c04\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\u9060\u9060\u65e9\u65bc\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u548c\u683c\u672b\uff0c\u537b\u90fd\u5931\u6557\u4e86\u3002\u56de\u9867\u4ed6\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u5927\u5b78\u7684\u6703\u8ac7\u4ee5\u53ca\u6240\u5f97\u7684\u8a55\u8ad6\uff0c\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u89ba\u5f97\u5fc5\u9808\u76e1\u5feb\u767c\u8868(\u8b6f\u8a3b5)\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u53ef\u80fd\u4e5f\u6b63\u5728\u9032\u884c\u985e\u4f3c\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u7684\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u9032\u5c55<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5be6\u969b\u4e0a\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u4e26\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\uff0cGP\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u4e5f\u7684\u78ba\u5728\u540c\u6642\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u9ad8\u58d3\u96fb\u5b50\u8207\u91d1\u5c6c\u8584\u7247\u7522\u751f\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u7e5e\u5c04\u73fe\u8c61\u4e4b\u7814\u7a76\u53d6\u5f97\u4e86\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u7684\u9032\u5c55\u3002\u4ed6\u57281926\u5e749\u6708\u77e5\u66c9\u4e86\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u7576\u6642\u4ed6\u5011\u90fd\u53c3\u52a0\u4e86\u8a72\u82f1\u570b\u5354\u6703\u5728\u725b\u6d25\u8fa6\u7684\u6703\u8b70\u3002\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u65e9\u5df2\u5c0d\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u6df1\u611f\u8208\u8da3\uff0c\u7acb\u5373\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u7576\u6642\u7684\u967d\u6975\u5c04\u7dda\u5de5\u4f5c\u5982\u4f55\u53ef\u904b\u7528\u4f86\u6e2c\u8a66\u9019\u500b\u60f3\u6cd5\u3002\u5728\u4ed6\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5f9e\u7406\u8ad6\u5230\u5be6\u9a57\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u662f\u7dda\u6027\u7684\u767c\u5c55\uff0c\u8207\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u548c\u683c\u672b\u4e0d\u540c\uff0c\u5f8c\u8005\u662f\u5728\u9577\u671f\u7814\u7a76\u904e\u7a0b\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ea\u6709\u5728\u8c9d\u723e\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7684\u7814\u767c\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u624d\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u7406\u89e3\u3002GP\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u5728\u4e00\u6240\u5c0f\u578b\u5927\u5b78\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u800c\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u548c\u683c\u672b\u5247\u662f\u5728\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u57ce\u5e02\u4e2d\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u5927\u578b\u5de5\u696d\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u548c\u683c\u672b\u7684\u4f4e\u80fd\u91cf\u5be6\u9a57\u9700\u8981\u7684\u7cbe\u6e5b\u6280\u8853\uff0c\u5c6c\u65bc\u66f4\u4e00\u822c\u6027\u7814\u7a76\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u8207\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u548c\u745e\u5fb7(Reid)\u5177\u6709\u66f4\u76f4\u63a5\u91dd\u5c0d\u6027\u76ee\u6a19\u7684\u9ad8\u80fd\u7a7f\u900f\u5be6\u9a57\u5f62\u6210\u9bae\u660e\u5c0d\u6bd4\u3002<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

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\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u8cea<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u9019\u4e9b\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u7c21\u8ff0\u57281927\u5e7412\u6708\u65bc\u81ea\u7136 (Nature)\u671f\u520a\u767c\u8868(\u8b6f\u8a3b6)\uff0c\u5169\u500b\u6708\u5f8c\uff0c\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u5728\u301d\u7687\u5bb6\u5b78\u6703\u5b78\u5831\u201d\u4e0a\u520a\u767b\u4e86\u5169\u7bc7\u66f4\u8a73\u7d30\u7684\u6587\u7ae0\u3002\u7d50\u8ad6\u662f\uff1a\u301d\u6211\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u4e9b\u5be6\u9a57\u8207\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u7406\u8ad6\u6240\u986f\u793a\u7684\u7d30\u7bc0\u4e00\u81f4\uff0c\u5fc5\u9808\u88ab\u8996\u70ba\u6709\u5229\u65bc\u5b83\u7684\u5f37\u529b\u8b49\u64da\u3002\u9019\u610f\u5473\u8457\u61c9\u63a5\u53d7\u666e\u901a\u725b\u9813\u529b\u5b78(\u5305\u62ec\u76f8\u5c0d\u8ad6\u4fee\u6b63)\u53ea\u662f\u5c0d\u771f\u7406\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u500b\u4f30\u7b97\uff0c\u985e\u4f3c\u65bc\u5e7e\u4f55\u5149\u5b78\u7684\u5b8c\u6574\u7406\u8ad6\u8207\u6ce2\u52d5\u7406\u8ad6\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5373\u4fbf\u96e3\u4ee5\u63a5\u53d7\u5982\u6b64\u5ee3\u6cdb\u7684\u6b78\u7d0d\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u8981\u89e3\u91cb\u6240\u7372\u5f97\u7684\u7d50\u679c\uff0c\u4f3c\u4e4e\u4e0d\u80fd\u4e0d\u5047\u8a2d\u662f\u67d0\u7a2e\u7e5e\u5c04\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u5b83\u8207\u7406\u8ad6\u5f97\u51fa\u7684\u6ce2\u9577\u6578\u503c\u4e4b\u4e00\u81f4\u6027\u662f\u6975\u986f\u8457\u7684\u3002\u201c<\/p>\n

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1927\u5e7410\u6708\u5728\u5e03\u9b6f\u585e\u723e\u8209\u884c\u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u5c46\u7d22\u723e\u7dad(Solvay)\u6703\u8b70\u671f\u9593\uff0c\u6ce2\u723e\uff0c\u73bb\u6069\uff0c\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u548c\u859b\u4e01\u683c\u90fd\u63a8\u5d07\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u548c\u683c\u672b\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4e43\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u6ce2\u52d5\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u6839\u64da\u751a\u81f3\u65bc\u516c\u5f0f\u3002\u7531\u6240\u8b02\u7684\u54e5\u5ef7\u6839-\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u5b78\u6d3e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u63d0\u51fa\u4e4b\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u6a5f\u7387\u89e3\u91cb\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u57fa\u790e\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u6846\u67b6\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u6ce2\u7c92\u4e8c\u5143\u8ad6\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u7406\u8ad6\u4e0a\u7684\u4e00\u8cab\u6027\u3002\u800c\u5169\u5e74\u5f8c\u76841929\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u9812\u7d66\u4e86\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u301d\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u8cea\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u6842\u51a0\u7684\u69ae\u8000<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u548c\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u57281937\u5e74\u88ab\u6388\u4e88\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u301d\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u96fb\u5b50\u5c0d\u6676\u9ad4\u7684\u7e5e\u5c04\u3002\u301e\u75be\u75c5\u963b\u6b62\u4e86\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u53c3\u52a0\u9812\u734e\u5100\u5f0f\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u65bc\u6b21\u5e74\u524d\u5f80\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u723e\u6469\u767c\u8868\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\u3002\u7d93\u904e\u4e00\u4e9b\u521d\u6b65\u7684\u611f\u8b1d\u548c\u8a55\u8ad6\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7528\u4e0b\u9762\u7684\u53e5\u5b50\u958b\u59cb\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u6f14\u8b1b\uff1a\u301d\u50b3\u8aaa\u4e2d\u5b78\u7fd2\u7684\u5973\u795e\u5728\u5b99\u65af\u7684\u5927\u8166\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u6210\u9577\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5f88\u5c11\u6709\u79d1\u5b78\u6982\u5ff5\u4ee5\u6700\u7d42\u7684\u5f62\u5f0f\u8a95\u751f\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u64c1\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u55ae\u89aa\u3002\u66f4\u591a\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u5b83\u662f\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u601d\u7dad\u7684\u7522\u7269\uff0c\u6bcf\u500b\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u4f9d\u6b21\u4fee\u6539\u524d\u4eba\u7684\u601d\u7dad\uff0c\u4e26\u70ba\u5f8c\u4f86\u8005\u7684\u601d\u7dad\u63d0\u4f9b\u6750\u6599\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f8b\u5916\u3002\u301e\u5728\u6982\u8ff0\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6b77\u53f2\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u56de\u61b6\u8d77\u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u7684\u6700\u5f8c\u5e7e\u5e74\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f5c\u70ba\u300c\u96fb\u529b\u539f\u5b50\u300d\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u301d\u4e0d\u50c5\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u8cea\u91cf\u800c\u4e14\u7372\u8b49\u5176\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u5b83\u4e0d\u50c5\u662f\u96fb\u529b\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u662f\u6240\u6709\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7d44\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u301e\u5728\u8207\u9019\u4e00\u9032\u5c55\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u8a31\u591a\u540d\u5b57\u4e2d\uff0c\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u5730\u63d0\u5230\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u7236\u89aaJJ\u80fd\u5920\u8b49\u660e\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u800c\u8eab\u70ba\u5152\u5b50\u7684\u4ed6\uff0c\u5247\u8b49\u660e\u4e86\u96fb\u5b50\u53ef\u4ee5\u50cf\u6ce2\u4e00\u6a23\u88ab\u7e5e\u5c04\u3002<\/p>\n

\u73fe\u5728\u901a\u904e\u96fb\u5b50\u7e5e\u5c04\u7814\u7a76\u6676\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u8def\u5f91\u5df2\u7d93\u6253\u958b\uff0c\u6676\u9ad4\u7684X-\u5c04\u7dda\u7e5e\u5c04\u662f\u63a2\u6e2c\u91d1\u5c6c\u548c\u5176\u5b83\u6676\u9ad4\u5167\u90e8\u7684\u6709\u529b\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u96fb\u5b50\u8207\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u4f5c\u7528\u6bd4X-\u5c04\u7dda\u66f4\u5f37\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u53ef\u7528\u65bc\u5c0d\u5c0f\u6a23\u54c1(\u5982\u6c23\u9ad4\u5206\u5b50\uff0c\u8584\u819c\u6216\u8868\u9762)\u9032\u884c\u66f4\u9748\u654f\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002X-\u5c04\u7dda\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u8868\u9762\u548c\u8584\u819c\u7814\u7a76\u662f\u7121\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u5b83\u5011\u7684\u7a7f\u900f\u529b\u592a\u5f37\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u5b83\u5011\u76f4\u63a5\u901a\u904e\u6a23\u54c1\u800c\u6c92\u6709\u900f\u9732\u6240\u9700\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u3002\u96fb\u5b50 \u2013 \u7a7f\u900f\u529b\u5c0f\u5f97\u591a \u2013 \u53ef\u88ab\u6676\u9ad4\u7684\u8868\u9762\u548c\u8584\u819c\u963b\u6b62\u3001\u6563\u5c04\u548c\u53cd\u5c04\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c0d\u65bc\u9019\u7a2e\u985e\u578b\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u975e\u5e38\u6709\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7d50\u8a9e<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u96fb\u5b50\u5149\u5b78\u548c\u771f\u7a7a\u6280\u8853\u82b1\u4e86\u5f88\u9577\u4e00\u6bb5\u6642\u9593\u6539\u9032\uff0c\u7d42\u8b93\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u7368\u7279\u6027\u8cea\u88ab\u5ee3\u6cdb\u904b\u7528\u70ba\u63a2\u7a76\u5c40\u90e8\u5fae\u89c0\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u548c\u7269\u8cea\u7d44\u6210\u7684\u654f\u611f\u63a2\u91dd\u3002\u96fb\u5b50\u7e5e\u5c04\u4ee5\u53ca\u7531von Halban\u548cPreiswerk\u57281936\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u4e2d\u5b50\u7e5e\u5c04\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u4e00\u7a2e\u6975\u5176\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u63d0\u4f9b\u7269\u8cea \u2013 \u6676\u9ad4\u548c\u975e\u6676\u9ad4 \u2013 \u5728\u539f\u5b50\u548c\u5206\u5b50\u5c64\u6b21\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u8a0a\u606f\u3002\u96fb\u5b50\u986f\u5fae\u93e1\u548c\u7e5e\u5c04\u5c0d\u6bd4\u65b9\u6cd5\u7684\u958b\u767c\uff0c\u53d6\u4ee3X-\u5c04\u7dda\u7e5e\u5c04\u800c\u6210\u70ba\u8a31\u591a\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u7814\u7a76\u5fae\u89c0\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u5177\uff0c\u9019\u5305\u62ec\u4e86\u6750\u6599\u79d1\u5b78\uff0c\u5316\u5b78\uff0c\u7926\u7269\u5b78\u548c\u751f\u7269\u5b78\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7531\u65bc\u6d89\u53caX-\u5c04\u7dda\uff0c\u4e2d\u5b50\u6216\u96fb\u5b50\u7e5e\u5c04\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\uff0c\u66f4\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u6676\u9ad4\u7e5e\u5c04\u61c9\u7528\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u548c\u591a\u6a23\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u8b6f\u8a3b<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. 2017\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\u7c21\u4ecb\uff1ahttps:\/\/www.ch.ntu.edu.tw\/nobel\/2017.html<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. Gruene, T.; Wennmacher, J. T. C.; Zaubitzer, C.; Holstein, J. J.; Heidler, J.; Fecteau-Lefebvre, A.; De Carlo, S.; Mgller, E.; Goldie, K. N; Regeni, I.; Li, T.; Santiso-Quinones, G.; Steinfeld, G.; Handschin, S.; van Genderen, E.; van Bokhoven, J. A.; Clever, G. H.; Pantelic, R. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2018<\/strong>, 57, 16313-16317.<\/li>\n
  3. Jones, C. G.; Martynowycz, M. W.; Hattne, J.; Fulton, T. J.; Stoltz, B. M.; Rodriguez, J. A.; Nelson, H. M.; Gonen, T. ACS Cent. Sci. 2018<\/strong>, 4, 1587-1592.<\/li>\n
  4. \u672c\u8b6f\u6587\u4e2d\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u5f97\u4e3b\u4e4b\u82f1\u6587\u5168\u540d\u8207\u5176\u5f97\u734e\u539f\u56e0\uff1a<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    JJ\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee (Joseph John Thomson)\uff1a1906\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5728\u6c23\u9ad4\u5c0e\u96fb\u7814\u7a76\u4e0a\u7684\u7406\u8ad6\u548c\u5be6\u9a57\u9020\u6210\u7684\u5de8\u5927\u8ca2\u737b\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u62c9\u585e\u798f (Ernest Rutherford)\uff1a1906\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5c0d\u4e00\u4e9b\u5143\u7d20\u7684\u8870\u8b8a\u548c\u653e\u5c04\u6027\u7269\u8cea\u7684\u5316\u5b78\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u5c01\u52de\u723e (Max von Laue)\uff1a1914\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5728X-\u5c04\u7dda\u88ab\u6676\u9ad4\u7e5e\u5c04\u6240\u505a\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u5e03\u62c9\u683c\u7236\u5b50 (Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg)\uff1a1915\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5011\u904b\u7528X-\u5c04\u7dda\u5206\u6790\u6676\u9ad4\u7d50\u69cb\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766 (Albert Einstein)\uff1a1921\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5728\u7406\u8ad6\u7269\u7406\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c0d\u65bc\u5149\u96fb\u6548\u61c9\u6240\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u6ce2\u723e (Niels Henrik David Bohr)\uff1a1922\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5728\u539f\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u8207\u5f9e\u5b83\u5011\u767c\u51fa\u7684\u8f3b\u5c04\u7dda\u65b9\u9762\u6240\u505a\u7684\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u6cd5\u862d\u514b (James Franck)\uff1a1925\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u8207Gustav Hertz\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u5f71\u97ff\u96fb\u5b50\u649e\u64ca\u539f\u5b50\u7684\u5b9a\u5f8b\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u5eb7\u666e\u9813 (Arthur Holly Compton)\uff1a1927\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u767c\u73fe\u4ee5\u4ed6\u547d\u540d\u7684\u6548\u61c9\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f (Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie)\uff1a1929\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u767c\u73fe\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u6ce2\u52d5\u6027\u8cea\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u6d77\u68ee\u5821 (Werner Karl Heisenberg)\uff1a1932\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u5275\u9020\u4e86\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\uff0c\u5176\u61c9\u7528\u5c24\u5176\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e86\u767c\u73fe\u6c2b\u7684\u540c\u7d20\u7570\u5f62\u9ad4\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u859b\u4e01\u683c (Erwin Schr\u00f6dinger)\uff1a1933\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u56e0\u70ba\u767c\u73fe\u66f4\u6709\u6548\u7528\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u5f0f\u539f\u5b50\u7406\u8ad6\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u67e5\u514c\u514b (James Chadwick)\uff1a1935\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u56e0\u70ba\u767c\u73fe\u4e86\u4e2d\u5b50\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u5fb7\u62dc (Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye)\uff1a1936\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u901a\u904e\u5076\u6975\u77e9\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u4ee5\u53caX-\u5c04\u7dda\u548c\u96fb\u5b50\u5728\u6c23\u9ad4\u4e2d\u7684\u7e5e\u5c04\uff0c\u589e\u9032\u4e86\u6211\u5011\u5c0d\u5206\u5b50\u7d50\u69cb\u7684\u77e5\u8b58\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u5e03\u62c9\u514b\u7279 (Stuart Blackett)\uff1a1948\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u56e0\u70ba\u4ed6\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u5a01\u723e\u905c\u96f2\u5ba4\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u5728\u6838\u7269\u7406\u548c\u5b87\u5b99\u8f3b\u5c04\u9818\u57df\u7684\u767c\u73fe\u201d<\/p>\n

    \u73bb\u6069 (Max Born)\uff1a1954\u5e74\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e<\/p>\n

            \u201c\u8868\u5f70\u4ed6\u5c0d\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5c0d\u6ce2\u51fd\u6578\u7684\u7d71\u8a08\u89e3\u91cb\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Davisson, C.; Germer, L. H. Nature 1927<\/strong>, 119, 558-560.<\/li>\n
    2. Thomson, G. P.; Reid, A. Nature 1927<\/strong>, 119, 890-890.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

       <\/p>\n

      \u539f\u6587\u51fa\u8655\uff1ahttp:\/\/www.mediatheque.lindau-nobel.org\/research-profile\/laureate-thomson#page=1<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

      \u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u65bc1937\u5e74\u8207Clinton Davisson(\u6234\u7dad\u68ee)\u5171\u540c\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\uff0c\u4e8c\u7d44\u4eba\u99ac\u900f\u904e\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u8b49\u5be6\u4e86\u5fb7\u5e03\u7f85\u610f\u7269\u8cea\u6ce2\u7684\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u5728\u6574\u500b\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u548c\u4fe1\u5ea6\u4e0a\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u95dc\u9375\u7684\u89d2\u8272\u3002\u6b64\u6587\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u4ecb\u7d39\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c0d\u90a31920\u5e74\u4ee3\u8207\u91cf\u5b50\u529b\u5b78\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u76f8\u95dc\u4e4b\u80cc\u666f\u6709\u6e05\u695a\u7684\u8aaa\u660e\uff0c\u5c0d\u6e6f\u59c6\u68ee\u8207\u6234\u7dad\u68ee\u4e4b\u9593\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u7af6\u5408\u95dc\u4fc2\u4ea6\u6709\u751f\u52d5\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u70ba\u6211\u8b1b\u8ab2\u7684\u8cc7\u6599\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":33804,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[32,3293,1042],"tags":[880],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/03\/00.png","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33801"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33801"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33801\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33809,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33801\/revisions\/33809"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/33804"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33801"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33801"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33801"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}