{"id":33672,"date":"2019-03-04T00:29:34","date_gmt":"2019-03-03T16:29:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33672"},"modified":"2023-06-06T11:30:23","modified_gmt":"2023-06-06T03:30:23","slug":"%e5%b0%8d%e6%95%b8%e7%9a%84%e5%a5%87%e5%a6%99%e6%ba%96%e5%89%87-%e4%bc%bd%e7%be%85%e7%93%a6%e7%9a%84%e6%95%85%e4%ba%8b","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33672","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u79d1\u5b78\u53f2\u6c99\u9f8d\u3011\u3008\u5c0d\u6578\u7684\u5947\u5999\u6e96\u5247\u3009&#038;\u3008\u4f3d\u7f85\u74e6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3009"},"content":{"rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><iframe src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BzifKBJYb74\" width=\"560\" height=\"315\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u3008\u5c0d\u6578\u7684\u5947\u5999\u6e96\u5247\u3009<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u25a0\u6cd5\u570b\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u62c9\u666e\u62c9\u65af\u66fe\u8aaa\u904e\uff1a\u300c\u5c0d\u6578\u7684\u767c\u660e\u70ba\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u7bc0\u7701\u4e86\u4e0d\u5c11\u52de\u529b\uff0c\u8b93\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u58fd\u547d\u5ef6\u9577\u4e86\u4e00\u500d\u3002\u300d\u5c0d\u6578\u7a76\u7adf\u5177\u6709\u4ec0\u9ebc\u795e\u5947\u7684\u529b\u91cf\uff0c\u80fd\u5920\u62ef\u6551\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u65bc\u6c34\u706b\u4e4b\u4e2d\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff5c\u81fa\u5317\u5e02\u7acb\u897f\u677e\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6578\u5b78\u79d1\u6559\u5e2b \u8607\u60e0\u7389<br \/>\n\u6574\u7406\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2<br \/>\n<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u81ea\u53e4\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u5de5\u4f5c\u5c31\u662f\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5922\u9b58\uff0c\u9019\u9ede\u5f9e\u516c\u5143\u524d 150 \u5e74\uff0c\u6258\u52d2\u5bc6\u4e3b\u6301\u7684\u57c3\u53ca\u4e9e\u6b77\u5c71\u5927\u57ce\u5929\u6587\u53f0\uff0c\u8cbc\u51fa\u7684\u5fb5\u8058\u5ee3\u544a\u53ef\u898b\u4e00\u6591\uff1a\u300c\u6025\u9700\u8a08\u7b97\u5de5\u4f5c\u8005\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e8b\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u4f8b\u884c\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u4ee5\u7de8\u88fd\u5929\u6587\u5b78\u4e3b\u8981\u5de5\u4f5c\u6240\u9700\u8868\u683c\u3002\u5305\u5403\u5305\u4f4f\uff0c\u5916\u52a0\u672a\u4f86 1200 \u5e74\uff0c\u6210\u5343\u4e0a\u842c\u5c07\u5229\u7528\u5230\u9019\u5f35\u8868\u683c\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u611f\u6fc0\u4e4b\u60c5\u3002\u300d\u8209\u51e1\u54e5\u767d\u5c3c\u8a08\u7b97\u884c\u661f\u8ecc\u9053\uff0c\u514b\u535c\u52d2\u63a8\u7b97\u884c\u661f\u904b\u52d5\u5b9a\u5f8b\uff0c\u9ea5\u54f2\u502b\u89c0\u6e2c\u5929\u8c61\u8a08\u7b97\u63a2\u96aa\u822a\u7dda\uff0c\u9ea5\u5361\u6258\u65af\u7528\u5713\u67f1\u6295\u5f71\u6cd5\u7e6a\u88fd\u4e16\u754c\u5730\u5716\uff0c\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u7528\u4e0a\u4e09\u89d2\u51fd\u6578\uff0c\u9032\u884c\u5927\u91cf\u4e58\u6cd5\u3001\u9664\u6cd5\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u958b\u65b9\u7b49\u7b49\u300c\u7e41\u91cd\u7684\u4f8b\u884c\u8a08\u7b97\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8607\u683c\u862d\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u7d0d\u76ae\u723e (John Napier) \u6709\u9452\u65bc\u9019\u4e9b\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u4e58\u9664\u958b\u65b9\u8a08\u7b97\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f46\u67af\u71e5\u4e4f\u5473\uff0c\u8017\u8cbb\u5927\u91cf\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5bb9\u6613\u51fa\u932f\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u8a66\u8457\u627e\u51fa\u80fd\u5920\u628a\u9019\u4e9b\u904b\u7b97\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u8f49\u63db\u6210\u52a0\u6e1b\u904b\u7b97\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u85c9\u6b64\u7c21\u5316\u904b\u7b97\u904e\u7a0b\u3002\u4ed6\u5f9e\u9019\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u6f5b\u5fc3\u947d\u7814\uff0c\u5f9e\u4e09\u89d2\u51fd\u6578\u300c\u7a4d\u5316\u548c\u5dee\u300d\uff0c\u628a\u5169\u500b\u89d2\u5ea6\u7684\u6b63\u5f26\u76f8\u4e58\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u8f49\u5316\u6210\u9918\u5f26\u89d2\u5ea6\u52a0\u6e1b\u95dc\u4fc2\u7684\u5b9a\u7406\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7b49\u5dee\u6578\u5217\u8207\u7b49\u6bd4\u6578\u5217\u7684\u5c0d\u61c9\u95dc\u4fc2\uff0c\u9010\u6b65\u5efa\u69cb\u51fa\u300c\u5c0d\u6578\u300d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7d0d\u76ae\u723e\u5728\u300a\u5947\u5999\u7684\u5c0d\u6578\u898f\u5f8b\u7684\u63cf\u8ff0\u300b (Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio) \u9019\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u63d0\u51fa\u5c0d\u6578\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\u3002\u7576\u6642\u6578\u5b78\u9084\u6c92\u6709\u5206\u6578\u6b21\u65b9\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u89e3\u6c7a\u975e\u6574\u6578\u6b21\u65b9\u904b\u7b97\u4e0a\u7684\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7d0d\u76ae\u723e\u5728\u63a8\u7b97\u975e\u6574\u6578\u6b21\u65b9\u6642\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u8db3\u5920\u5c0f\u7684\u5e95\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u907f\u514d\u4f7f\u7528\u5c0f\u6578\u3002\u9019\u9ebc\u77ed\u77ed\u5e7e\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u7d0d\u76ae\u723e\u6574\u6574\u63a8\u7b97\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u6574\u7406\u51fa\u4e09\u5f35\u8868\u683c\uff0c\u69cb\u6210\u5c0d\u6578\u8868\u7684\u57fa\u790e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u70ba\u5c0d\u6578\u7684\u767c\u5c55\u5b8c\u6210\u6700\u5f8c\u4e00\u54e9\u8def\u7684\uff0c\u662f\u4efb\u6559\u65bc\u502b\u6566\u683c\u96f7\u838e\u59c6\u5b78\u9662\u7684\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af (Henry Briggs) \uff0c\u4ed6\u767c\u73fe\u5982\u679c\u628a\u6574\u500b\u6b63\u5f26\u7684\u5c0d\u6578\u503c\u8a2d\u70ba 0 \uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4ee5 10 \u70ba\u5e95\uff0c\u6574\u9ad4\u904b\u7b97\u6703\u65b9\u4fbf\u5f88\u591a\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u89aa\u81ea\u62dc\u8a2a\u7d0d\u76ae\u723e\uff0c\u8868\u9054\u4ed6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u7d0d\u76ae\u723e\u540c\u610f\u4ed6\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u4f46\u7531\u65bc\u5e74\u4e8b\u5df2\u9ad8\uff0c\u7121\u529b\u5b8c\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u5c0d\u6578\u8868\u5efa\u69cb\u5de5\u4f5c\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5c31\u7531\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u63a5\u624b\u5f8c\u7e8c\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u5e03\u91cc\u683c\u65af\u5728\u300a\u5c0d\u6578\u7b97\u6578\u300b (Arithmetica Logarithmica) \u9019\u672c\u8457\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u660e\u5b9a log 1 = 0 \uff0c log 10 = 1 \uff0c\u4e26\u7cbe\u7b97\u5230\u5c0f\u6578\u9ede\u5f8c\u7b2c 14 \u4f4d\uff0c\u6210\u70ba\u6211\u5011\u4eca\u65e5\u719f\u77e5\u7684\u5c0d\u6578\u8868\u3002\u6578\u5b78\u77e5\u8b58\u662f\u4eba\u985e\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u800c\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u5f7c\u6b64\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u4ea4\u6d41\uff0c\u4ee4\u6578\u5b78\u66f4\u81fb\u5b8c\u7f8e\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #333399;\"><strong>\u3008\u4f3d\u7f85\u74e6\u7684\u6545\u4e8b\u3009<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #800080;\"><strong>\u25a0\u7d0d\u76ae\u723e\u82b1\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\u7684\u6b72\u6708\u5efa\u69cb\u5c0d\u6578\u8868\uff0c\u4f3d\u7f85\u74e6\u7684\u4eba\u751f\u5247\u50c5\u50c5\u6d3b\u4e86\u4e8c\u5341\u5e74\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u537b\u70ba\u4ee3\u6578\u5b78\u7559\u4e0b\u4e86\u4f3d\u7f85\u74e6\u7406\u8ad6\u9019\u9805\u4e0d\u673d\u7684\u907a\u7522\uff0c\u56de\u7b54\u4e86\u300c\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u60c5\u6cc1\u4e0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u7528\u4ee3\u6578\u65b9\u6cd5\u6c42\u89e3\u300d\u9019\u500b\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u8b1b\u5e2b\uff5c\u81fa\u5317\u5e02\u7acb\u6210\u529f\u9ad8\u4e2d\u6578\u5b78\u79d1\u6559\u5e2b \u9673\u5f65\u5b8f<\/strong><br \/>\n<strong>\u6574\u7406\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u9ad8\u82f1\u54f2<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u8981\u8aaa\u660e\u4f3d\u7f85\u74e6\u5728\u6578\u5b78\u4e0a\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u6bcf\u500b\u4e2d\u5b78\u751f\u90fd\u975e\u5e38\u719f\u6089\u7684\u4e8c\u6b21\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u8ac7\u8d77\u3002\u6211\u5011\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u4e8c\u6b21\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u6709\u516c\u5f0f\u89e3\uff0c\u65e9\u5728\u897f\u5143\u7b2c\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u6642\uff0c\u6ce2\u65af\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u82b1\u62c9\u5b50\u7c73 (Al-Khwarizmi) \u5c31\u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u4ee3\u6578\u5b78\u300b\u4e2d\uff0c\u9996\u5ea6\u63d0\u51fa\u4e8c\u6b21\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u4e00\u822c\u89e3\u6cd5\u3002\u4e09\u6b21\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u516c\u5f0f\u89e3\u5247\u662f\u4e00\u76f4\u5230\u4e86\u5341\u516d\u4e16\u7d00\uff0c\u624d\u7531\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u535a\u5b78\u8005\u5361\u723e\u9054\u8afe (Girolamo Cardano) \u5728\u5176\u8457\u4f5c\u300a\u5927\u8853\u300b (Ars Magna) \u88e1\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f1f\u5b50\u8cbb\u62c9\u91cc (Lodovico de Ferrari) \u6574\u7406\u51fa\u56db\u6b21\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u516c\u5f0f\u89e3\u3002\u632a\u5a01\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u963f\u8c9d\u723e (Niels Henrik Abel) \u5728\u5341\u4e5d\u4e16\u7d00\u521d\uff0c\u627e\u51fa\u4e94\u6b21\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u516c\u5f0f\u89e3\u6642\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u767c\u73fe\u4e0d\u80fd\u50c5\u5c31\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u5404\u9805\u7684\u4fc2\u6578\uff0c\u505a\u52a0\u6e1b\u4e58\u9664\u8ddf\u958b\u65b9\u7684\u904b\u7b97\uff0c\u5f97\u51fa\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u540c\u4e00\u6642\u671f\u5728\u6cd5\u570b\u7576\u5927\u5b78\u751f\u7684\u4f3d\u7f85\u74e6\uff0c\u6b63\u5728\u7814\u8b80\u62c9\u683c\u6717\u65e5\u7684\u300a\u95dc\u65bc\u4ee3\u6578\u65b9\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u89e3\u300b\u7b49\u8457\u4f5c\uff0c\u4ed6\u91dd\u5c0d\u9019\u500b\u984c\u76ee\u5beb\u4e86\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4e09\u6b21\u6295\u7a3f\u5617\u8a66\u767c\u8868\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u4e4b\u8def\u904b\u6c23\u6709\u5920\u5dee\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8ca0\u8cac\u5be9\u67e5\u7684\u67ef\u897f\uff0c\u4e0d\u5c0f\u5fc3\u628a\u628a\u8ad6\u6587\u641e\u4e1f\u4e86\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u8ca0\u8cac\u5be9\u67e5\u7684\u5085\u7acb\u8449\u6c92\u591a\u4e45\u5c31\u904e\u4e16\u4e86\uff0c\u8ad6\u6587\u4e5f\u8ddf\u8457\u4e0d\u7ffc\u800c\u98db\uff1b\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u8ca0\u8cac\u5be9\u67e5\u7684\u5e03\u963f\u677e\uff0c\u5247\u89ba\u5f97\u4ed6\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\u300c\u9023\u8a71\u90fd\u8b1b\u4e0d\u6e05\u695a\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f4\u65bc\u7121\u6cd5\u5224\u65b7\u8ad6\u8b49\u662f\u5426\u7e1d\u5bc6\u300d\u3002\u5373\u4f7f\u5728\u4f3d\u7f85\u74e6\u56e0\u70ba\u4e0d\u660e\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u5e74\u50c5\u4e8c\u5341\u5c31\u8207\u4eba\u6c7a\u9b25\u8ca0\u50b7\u800c\u6b7b\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4ed6\u7684\u5f1f\u5f1f\u628a\u8ad6\u6587\u518d\u5bc4\u7d66\u9ad8\u65af\u7b49\u7b49\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u540c\u6a23\u6c92\u6709\u4e0b\u6587\uff1b\u82e5\u4e0d\u662f\u6578\u5b78\u5bb6\u5289\u7dad\u723e (Joseph Liouville) \u8cbb\u76e1\u5fc3\u529b\uff0c\u770b\u61c2\u4e86\u4ed6\u7b2c\u4e09\u6b21\u63d0\u4ea4\u7684\u8ad6\u6587\uff0c\u4e26\u5728 1846 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