{"id":33433,"date":"2019-02-27T00:13:55","date_gmt":"2019-02-26T16:13:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33433"},"modified":"2019-03-15T08:55:55","modified_gmt":"2019-03-15T00:55:55","slug":"1939%e5%b9%b42%e6%9c%8811%e6%97%a5%ef%bc%9a%e9%ba%a5%e7%89%b9%e5%a8%9c%ef%bc%88lise-meitner%ef%bc%89%e5%92%8c%e5%bc%97%e9%87%8c%e6%96%bd%ef%bc%88otto-frisch%ef%bc%89%e7%99%bc%e8%a1%a8%e6%a0%b8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33433","title":{"rendered":"\u3010\u7269\u7406\u53f2\u4e2d\u7684\u4e8c\u6708\u30111939 \u5e74 2 \u6708 11 \u65e5\uff1a\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\uff08Lise Meitner\uff09\u548c\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd\uff08Otto Frisch\uff09\u767c\u8868\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u8ad6\u6587"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #993300;\"><strong>1939 \u5e74 2 \u6708 11 \u65e5\uff1a\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\uff08Lise Meitner\uff09\u548c\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd\uff08Otto Frisch\uff09\u767c\u8868\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u7684\u8ad6\u6587<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>\u6587\uff5c<\/strong>\u856d\u5982\u73c0\u3001\u694a\u4fe1\u7537\uff08\u81fa\u7063\u5927\u5b78\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u7cfb\uff09\uff08\u8b6f\u81ea&nbsp;<em>APS News<\/em>\uff0c2015 \u5e74\uff0c2 \u6708\uff09<\/p>\n<p>\u5973\u6027\u5728\u7269\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u9577\u8db3\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u5728 2012 \u5e74\u6240\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u7e3d\u535a\u58eb\u4e2d\u4f54\u6709 20%\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e1895\u5e74\u8a2d\u7acb\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u537b\u53ea\u6709 2 \u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u7372\u734e<sup>\u3014<\/sup><sup>1<\/sup><sup>\u3015<\/sup>\uff1a\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\u2027\u5c45\u91cc\uff08Marie Curie\uff09\u65bc 1903 \u5e74\uff0c\u548c\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\u2027\u683c\u4f69\u7279\u2027\u6885\u723e\uff08Maria Goeppert Mayer\uff09\u65bc 1963 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\u5e74\uff0c\u5979\u548c\u6f22\u6069\u642c\u5230\u51f1\u6492\u5b78\u9662\uff08Kaiser Wilhelm Institute\uff09\uff0c\u8d77\u5148\u5de5\u4f5c\u6c92\u6709\u85aa\u8cc7\u30021917 \u5e74\uff0c\u5b78\u9662\u624d\u7d66\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u5979\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u3002\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u5728\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u4e16\u754c\u5927\u6230\u671f\u9593\u77ed\u66ab\u7576\u8b77\u58eb\uff0c\u4f46\u5f88\u5feb\u5730\u53c8\u56de\u5230\u67cf\u6797\u505a\u5979\u7684\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u6c92\u70ba\u6230\u722d\u505a\u66f4\u591a\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5728\u7cbe\u795e\u4e0a\u4e5f\u906d\u53d7\u5230\u4e00\u4e9b\u7f6a\u60e1\u611f\u7684\u6298\u78e8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>1923 \u5e74\uff0c\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u627e\u51fa\u53d7\u6fc0\u539f\u5b50\u5947\u602a\u5730\u653e\u5c04\u51fa\u96fb\u5b50\u7684\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u9019\u73fe\u8c61\u73fe\u5728\u77e5\u9053\u662f\u5967\u6770\u6548\u61c9\uff0c\u662f\u6cd5\u570b\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5967\u6770\uff08Pierre Auger\uff09\u7368\u7acb\u65bc\u540c\u4e00\u5e74\u767c\u73fe\u7684\u3002\u7576\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u65bc 1926 \u5e74\u642c\u5230\u67cf\u6797\u5927\u5b78\u9818\u5c0e\u4e00\u500b\u6838\u7269\u7406\u7814\u7a76\u8a08\u756b\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u5fb7\u570b\u7b2c\u4e00\u4f4d\u64d4\u4efb\u6b63\u6559\u6388\u7684\u5973\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u90a3\u6642\u5728\u7269\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u4ee4\u4eba\u632f\u596e\u7684\u6642\u671f\uff0c1930 \u5e74\u4ee3\u521d\u671f\u767c\u73fe\u4e2d\u5b50\uff0c\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u570b\u969b\u56db\u65b9\u5c0b\u6c42\u5728\u5be6\u9a57\u5ba4\u5275\u9020\u6bd4\u923e\u66f4\u91cd\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u3002\u56db\u4f4d\u7af6\u722d\u8005\u662f\uff1a\u82f1\u570b\u7684\u62c9\u585e\u798f\uff08Ernest Rutherford\uff09\u3001\u6cd5\u570b\u7684\u4f0a\u96f7\u5a1c\u2027\u5c45\u91cc\uff08Irene Joliot-Curie\uff09\u3001\u7fa9\u5927\u5229\u7684\u8cbb\u7c73\uff08Enrico Fermi\uff09\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u548c\u6f22\u6069\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u7576\u5e0c\u7279\u52d2 1933 \u5e74\u53d6\u5f97\u653f\u6b0a\u5f8c\uff0c\u5927\u591a\u6578\u7684\u7336\u592a\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u7684\u4f84\u5152\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd\u90fd\u9003\u96e2\u5fb7\u570b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u537b\u7559\u4e0b\u4f86\u5728\u5316\u5b78\u6240\uff0c\u4e00\u76f4\u5230 1938 \u5e74\u6b62\uff0c\u5979\u5f8c\u4f86\u5c0d\u6b64\u6c7a\u5b9a\u5f88\u5f8c\u6094\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u6c92\u99ac\u4e0a\u96e2\u958b\u4e0d\u50c5\u611a\u8822\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5927\u932f\u7279\u932f\u3002\u300d\u5979\u6709\u5967\u5730\u5229\u570b\u7c4d\u7d66\u4e86\u5979\u4e00\u4e9b\u4fdd\u8b77\uff0c\u4f46\u5979\u7d42\u7a76\u5728\u8377\u862d\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7684\u5e6b\u52a9\u4e0b\u4e5f\u88ab\u8feb\u9003\u96e2\u5fb7\u570b\u3002\u7576\u6642\u5979\u8eab\u4e0a\u53ea\u6709 10 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Heisenberg\uff09\u3002\u5979\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u61c9\u8a72\u8981\u5f37\u8feb\u6d77\u68ee\u5821\u548c\u6578\u767e\u842c\u548c\u4ed6\u5728\u4e00\u8d77\u7684\u4eba\u4f86\u770b\u9019\u4e9b\u96c6\u4e2d\u71df\u548c\u88ab\u6bba\u5bb3\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u745e\u5178\u65af\u5fb7\u54e5\u723e\u6469\u548c\u6ce2\u8033\uff08Niels Bohr\uff09\u4e00\u8d77\u7814\u7a76\uff0c\u9084\u7e7c\u7e8c\u7d93\u7531\u901a\u8a0a\u548c\u6f22\u6069\u5408\u4f5c\u3002\u5979\u548c\u6f22\u6069\u751a\u81f3\u8a2d\u6cd5\u5077\u5077\u5730\u5728\u54e5\u672c\u54c8\u6839\u898b\u9762\uff0c\u8a08\u756b\u65b0\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u3002\u6f22\u6069\u5728\u67cf\u6797\u548c\u65bd\u7279\u54c8\u65af\u66fc\uff08Fritz Strassmann\uff09\u6210\u529f\u5730\u505a\u51fa\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4f46\u4ed6\u5beb\u4fe1\u7d66\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u8aaa\u4ed6\u5c0d\u65bc\u4ee5\u4e2d\u5b50\u649e\u64ca\u923e\u9200\u7adf\u7136\u7522\u751f\u8f03\u8f15\u7684\u5143\u7d20\u611f\u5230\u5f88\u56f0\u60d1\u3002\u4ed6\u5beb\u9053\uff1a\u300c\u4e5f\u8a31\u59b3\u53ef\u4ee5\u627e\u5230\u67d0\u7a2e\u597d\u7684\u89e3\u91cb\u3002\u300d\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u548c\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd\u5c31\u5982\u6b64\u505a\uff0c\u63f4\u5f15\u6838\u5206\u88c2\u7406\u8ad6\uff0c\u4f7f\u7528\u6db2\u6ef4\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f86\u89e3\u91cb\u923e\u539f\u5b50\u6838\u5982\u4f55\u6703\u5206\u88c2\uff0c\u7576\u91cb\u51fa\u80fd\u91cf\u6642\uff0c\u6838\u8cea\u91cf\u6703\u6e1b\u5c11\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4ed6\u5011\u65bc 1939 \u5e74 2 \u6708 11 \u65e5\u767c\u8868\u4ed6\u5011\u7684\u7d50\u8ad6\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u7576\u6f22\u6069\u65bc 1939 \u5e74 1 \u6708\u5728\u300a\u81ea\u7136\u300b\uff08<em>Nature<\/em>\uff09\u767c\u8868\u4ed6\u7684\u7d50\u679c\u6642\uff0c\u4ed6\u4e26\u672a\u5c07\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u5217\u70ba\u5171\u540c\u4f5c\u8005\u2500\u2500\u9019\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u6709\u722d\u8b70\u6027\u7684\u6c7a\u5b9a\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u662f\u5728\u6230\u5f8c\u4ed6\u4e5f\u5f9e\u672a\u66f4\u6b63\u6b64\u907a\u6f0f\u3002\u6f22\u6069\u56e0\u6b64\u7814\u7a76\u65bc 1944 \u5e74\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u5316\u5b78\u734e\uff0c\u800c\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u88ab\u5ffd\u8996\u4e86\u30021997\u5e74\uff0c\u300a\u4eca\u65e5\u7269\u7406\u300b\uff08<em>Physics Today<\/em>\uff09<sup>\u30142\u3015<\/sup>\u4e0b\u7d50\u8ad6\u8aaa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5ffd\u7565\u6210\u4e86\u6388\u4e88\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u6642\u300c\u500b\u4eba\u8ca0\u9762\u7684\u610f\u898b\u5f88\u660e\u986f\u5730\u5c0e\u81f4\u4e00\u4f4d\u8a72\u53d7\u734e\u7684\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u88ab\u6392\u9664\u5728\u5916\u7684\u4e00\u500b\u7f55\u898b\u4f8b\u5b50\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u6838\u5206\u88c2\uff08nuclear fission\uff0c\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd\u5275\u9020\u7684\u8a5e\uff09\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u5f8c\u4f86\u56de\u60f3\u6642\u8aaa\uff1a\u300c\u5728\u4eba\u985e\u6b77\u53f2\u4e0a\u958b\u555f\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7d00\u5143\u300d\uff0c\u4e00\u500b\u6700\u5f8c\u5c0e\u81f4\u6838\u5f48\u7684\u7d00\u5143\u3002\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u81ea\u5df1\u65b7\u7136\u62d2\u7d55\u53c3\u8207\u66fc\u54c8\u9813\u8a08\u5283\uff1a\u300c\u6211\u4e0d\u8981\u548c\u6838\u5f48\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u95dc\u806f\u3002\u300d<\/p>\n<p>\u96d6\u7136\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u88ab\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u734e\u6392\u65a5\u5728\u5916\u2500\u2500\u5979\u88ab\u63d0\u540d 3 \u6b21\u2500\u2500\u4f46\u5979\u537b\u5728\u4e00\u751f\u4e2d\u7372\u5f97\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u8853\u69ae\u8b7d\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5e7e\u500b\u69ae\u8b7d\u535a\u58eb\u5b78\u4f4d\u548c\uff08\u8af7\u523a\u5730\uff09\u5fb7\u570b\u5316\u5b78\u5b78\u6703\u6f22\u6069\u734e\u3002\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u5143\u7d20\uff08#109\uff0cmeitnerium\uff09\u4ee5\u5979\u547d\u540d\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u9084\u6709\u4e00\u9846\u5c0f\u884c\u661f\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6708\u7403\u548c\u91d1\u661f\u4e0a\u7684\u706b\u5c71\u53e3\u4e5f\u4ee5\u5979\u547d\u540d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\u5f9e\u672a\u518d\u56de\u5230\u5fb7\u570b\uff0c\u5979\u7e7c\u7e8c\u5230\u8655\u5b9a\u671f\u6f14\u8b1b\uff0c\u751a\u81f3 1960 \u5e74\u9000\u4f11\u5b9a\u5c45\u5230\u82f1\u570b\u5f8c\u4e5f\u662f\u3002\u5979\u5f8c\u4f86\u5065\u5eb7\u6f38\u8d70\u4e0b\u5761\uff0c\u5fc3\u81df\u75c5\u767c\u4f5c\u4f34\u96a8\u52d5\u8108\u7ca5\u72c0\u786c\u5316\uff0c\u5e7e\u6b21\u5c0f\u4e2d\u98a8\u52a0\u4e0a\u4e00\u6b21\u8dcc\u5012\u9ad6\u95dc\u7bc0\u65b7\u88c2\u5f8c\u75c5\u60c5\u52a0\u91cd\uff0c\u65bc 1968 \u5e74 10 \u6708 27 \u65e5\u75c5\u901d\uff0c\u4eab\u5e74 89 \u6b72\u3002\u5979\u846c\u5728\u6f22\u666e\u590f\u90e1\u5e03\u6717\u91cc\u9109\uff08Bramley, Hampshire\uff09\u5979\u5f1f\u5f1f\u74e6\u723e\u7279\u9644\u8fd1\uff0c\u5893\u8a8c\u9298\u662f\u5f17\u91cc\u65bd\u6240\u5beb\uff0c\u5167\u5bb9\u5f88\u7c21\u55ae\uff1a\u300c\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\uff1a\u4e00\u4f4d\u5f9e\u672a\u55aa\u5931\u4eba\u9053\u95dc\u61f7\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_33512\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33512\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-33512\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/0201.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"250\" height=\"292\" data-wp-pid=\"33512\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-33512\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5fb7\u570b\u90f5\u5c40\u3000\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\uff08Lise Meitner\uff09<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u9032\u4e00\u6b65\u95b1\u8b80<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>1. R. Frisch, \u201cPhysical Evidence for the Division of Heavy Nuclei Under Neutron Bombardment,\u201d<em>Nature<\/em><strong>143<\/strong>, 276 (1939).<\/p>\n<p>2. Meitner and O. R. Frisch, \u201cDisintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: A New Type of Nuclear Reaction,\u201d<em>Nature<\/em><strong>143<\/strong>, 239 (1939).<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b1. 2018 \u5e74\u56e0\u300c\u5728\u96f7\u5c04\u7269\u7406\u9818\u57df\u6709\u7a81\u7834\u6027\u767c\u660e\u300d\u800c\u7372\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u7684 3 \u4f4d\u5f97\u734e\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\uff0c\u53f2\u5d14\u514b\u862d\uff08Donna Strickland\uff09\u662f\u4f4d\u5973\u6027\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u53f2\u4e0a\u7372\u5f97\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u7684\u5973\u6027\u5df2\u589e\u70ba 3 \u4f4d\u3002\u53f2\u5d14\u514b\u862d\u4efb\u8077\u65bc\u52a0\u62ff\u5927\u6ed1\u9435\u76e7\u5927\u5b78\uff0c\u6709\u8da3\u7684\u662f\uff0c10 \u6708 2 \u65e5\u540d\u55ae\u5ba3\u5e03\u6642\uff0c\u5979\u662f\u526f\u6559\u6388\uff0c\u4e4b\u5f8c\u6821\u65b9\u7acb\u5373\u65bc 10 \u6708 18 \u65e5\u6b63\u5f0f\u5c07\u5979\u5347\u7b49\u70ba\u6b63\u6559\u6388\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a3b2.<em> Physics Today&nbsp;<\/em>\u662f\u7f8e\u570b\u7269\u7406\u806f\u5408\u6703\u51fa\u7248\u7684\u6708\u520a\uff0c\u4e3b\u8981\u5831\u5c0e\u7269\u7406\u754c\u7684\u52d5\u614b\u53ca\u91cd\u8981\u7269\u7406\u9032\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u5973\u6027\u5728\u7269\u7406\u65b9\u9762\u6709\u9577\u8db3\u7684\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u5979\u5011\u5728 2012 \u5e74\u6240\u6388\u4e88\u7684\u7e3d\u535a\u58eb\u4e2d\u4f54\u6709 20%\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u81ea\u5f9e1895\u5e74\u8a2d\u7acb\u8afe\u8c9d\u723e\u7269\u7406\u734e\u4ee5\u4f86\uff0c\u537b\u53ea\u6709 2 \u4f4d\u5973\u6027\u7372\u734e\uff1a\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\u2027\u5c45\u91cc\uff08Marie Curie\uff09\u65bc 1903 \u5e74\uff0c\u548c\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\u2027\u683c\u4f69\u7279\u2027\u6885\u723e\uff08Maria Goeppert Mayer\uff09\u65bc 1963 \u5e74\u3002\u5728\u88ab\u4e0d\u516c\u5e73\u5ffd\u8996\u7684\u5973\u6027\u7269\u7406\u5b78\u5bb6\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6700\u5e38\u88ab\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u5c31\u5c6c\u9ea5\u7279\u5a1c\uff08Lise Meitner\uff09\u4e86\uff0c\u611b\u56e0\u65af\u5766\u66fe\u8aaa\u5979\u662f\u300c\u5fb7\u570b\u7684\u746a\u9e97\u4e9e\u2027\u5c45\u91cc\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":33511,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3293,3145,2977],"tags":[34,4149,4148],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/02\/02010.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33433"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33433"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33433\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33736,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33433\/revisions\/33736"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/33511"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33433"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33433"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33433"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}