{"id":33373,"date":"2019-01-15T00:20:16","date_gmt":"2019-01-14T16:20:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33373"},"modified":"2019-01-11T09:06:13","modified_gmt":"2019-01-11T01:06:13","slug":"%e9%9b%99%e8%aa%9e%e4%bd%bf%e7%94%a8%e8%80%85%e6%af%94%e8%bc%83%e8%81%b0%e6%98%8e%e5%97%8e%ef%bc%9f","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33373","title":{"rendered":"\u96d9\u8a9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u6bd4\u8f03\u8070\u660e\u55ce\uff1f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u25a0\u96d9\u8a9e\u6559\u80b2\u4e00\u76f4\u662f\u8fd1\u5e74\u4f86\u6559\u80b2\u754c\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u8a71\u984c\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u63d0\u65e9\u8b93\u5b69\u5b50\u63a5\u89f8\u96d9\u8a9e\u7684\u74b0\u5883\uff0c\u8a31\u591a\u5bb6\u9577\u5011\u5c07\u5b69\u5b50\u9001\u53bb\u570b\u969b\u5b78\u6821\u5ff5\u66f8\uff0c\u6559\u5e2b\u5011\u4e5f\u76e1\u529b\u7684\u63d0\u4f9b\u5168\u82f1\u8a9e\u7684\u6559\u5b78\u8ab2\u7a0b\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u96d9\u8a9e\u80fd\u529b\u771f\u7684\u6703\u8b93\u4eba\u8b8a\u8070\u660e\u55ce\uff1f\u9084\u662f\u53ea\u4fb7\u9650\u65bc\u67d0\u4e9b\u80fd\u529b\u800c\u5df2\u5462\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"
\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90:pixabay.com\/<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n

\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u738b\u51a0\u4e91<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/b>\u8a9e\u8a00\u512a\u52e2\u53ca\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5\u5f48\u6027\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

\u5c0d\u65bc\u96d9\u8a9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005(bilingual)\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u5728\u8166\u6d77\u4e2d\u6709\u5169\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5728\u5be6\u969b\u4f7f\u7528\u6642\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u7528\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u9032\u884c\u8a9e\u8a00\u6e9d\u901a\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u7d93\u6b77\u4e00\u500b\u9078\u64c7\u8207\u6291\u5236\u7684\u904e\u7a0b\uff0c\u9078\u64c7\u4e86\u67d0\u4e00\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6291\u5236\u6389\u53e6\u5916\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u6709\u4e9b\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u6d89\u53ca\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u6291\u5236\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u666e\u53ca\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u9700\u8981\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u6216\u662f\u8a8d\u77e5\u5f48\u6027(cognitive flexibility)\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u3002\u8a8d\u77e5\u5f48\u6027\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u5fc3\u5411(mental set)\u548c\u4efb\u52d9\u4e4b\u9593\u5207\u63db\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u5728\u884c\u70ba\u4e0a\u5df2\u7d93\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5fc3\u667a\u6a21\u5f0f\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u5feb\u901f\u3001\u66f4\u6e96\u78ba\u4f86\u89e3\u6c7a\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52d9\u6216\u5176\u6240\u9762\u81e8\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u9078\u64c7\u6027\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u610f\u601d\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5c07\u6ce8\u610f\u529b\u653e\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u523a\u6fc0\u4e0a\u4e26\u540c\u6642\u5ffd\u7565\u5176\u4ed6\u523a\u6fc0\u3002\u9019\u5169\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\u90fd\u662f\u5f88\u9ad8\u968e\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u76ee\u6a19\u5c0e\u5411\u7684\u884c\u70ba\u6216\u662f\u57f7\u884c\u529f\u80fd(executive function)\u90fd\u662f\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u3002<\/p>\n

\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u300c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u9078\u64c7\u548c\u6291\u5236\u300d\u9019\u500b\u6b77\u7a0b\u53ef\u4ee5\u63a8\u5ee3\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u8207\u57f7\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u96d9\u8a9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u61c9\u8a72\u6703\u6bd4\u55ae\u8a9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005(monolingual)\u4f86\u5f97\u66f4\u597d\u3002\u4f46\u82e5\u662f\u7d71\u6574\u591a\u6578\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\uff0c\u6b63\u53cd\u5169\u65b9\u8aaa\u6cd5\u52e2\u529b\u4e0d\u76f8\u4e0a\u4e0b\uff0c\u5176\u5be6\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u4e00\u822c\u6211\u5011\u5728\u5927\u773e\u5a92\u9ad4\u4e0a\u770b\u5230\u7684\u300c\u96d9\u8a9e\u7684\u5b69\u5b50\u66f4\u8070\u660e\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u9762\u5012\u7684\u6a02\u89c0\u770b\u6cd5\u3002\u6709\u7814\u7a76\u8005\u8a8d\u70ba\uff0c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u500b\u9ad4\u4ecd\u6709\u500b\u5225\u5dee\u7570\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u53d6\u6c7a\u65bc\u300c\u8a9e\u8a00\u512a\u52e2(language dominance)\u300d\u548c\u300c\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528(language use)\u300d\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u662f\u4e0d\u540c\u500b\u9ad4\u4e4b\u9593\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u662f\u96d9\u8a9e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\uff0c\u4e5f\u6703\u6709\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u8a00\u6bd4\u8f03\u6d41\u66a2\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u8a00\u300c\u6bd4\u8f03\u5361\u300d\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p>\n

\u25cf<\/b>\u900f\u904e\u8a8d\u77e5\u5be6\u9a57\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5\u5f48\u6027<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Nicoladis\u7b49\u4eba(2018)\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u8a8d\u77e5\u5be6\u9a57\uff0c\u4ee53\u52308\u6b72\u7684\u5b69\u7ae5\u70ba\u5be6\u9a57\u53c3\u8207\u8005\uff0c\u6e2c\u8a66\u8a9e\u8a00\u512a\u52e2\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u662f\u5426\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u8a8d\u77e5\u5f48\u6027\u3002\u8a9e\u8a00\u512a\u52e2\u6e2c\u91cf\u4e86\u96d9\u8a9e\u8005\u8a9e\u8a00\u9078\u64c7\u7684\u5e73\u8861\u7a0b\u5ea6\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5176\u4e2d\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u8a00\u8aaa\u5f97\u6e9c\uff0c\u53e6\u4e00\u500b\u8a9e\u8a00\u8aaa\u5f97\u7d50\u7d50\u5df4\u5df4\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u5e73\u8861\u7a0b\u5ea6\u8f03\u4f4e\uff1b\u5982\u679c\u540c\u6642\u5169\u500b\u8a9e\u8a00\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u5207\u63db\u81ea\u5982\u4e14\u6d41\u66a2\u5ea6\u517c\u5177\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u5e73\u8861\u7a0b\u5ea6\u5f88\u597d\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u5e73\u8861\u7a0b\u5ea6\u597d\uff0c\u8a72\u96d9\u8a9e\u8005\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u8981\u5e38\u5e38\u4f7f\u7528\u5230\u300c\u57f7\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u300d\u3002\u6bd4\u65b9\u8aaa\uff0c\u5047\u8a2d\u5c0f\u660e\u662f\u4e2d\u82f1\u6587\u96d9\u8a9e\u8005\uff0c\u5c0f\u660e\u9078\u64c7\u8aaa\u4e2d\u6587\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6291\u5236\u82f1\u6587\uff1b\u9078\u64c7\u8aaa\u82f1\u6587\u6642\uff0c\u5c31\u6703\u6291\u5236\u4e2d\u6587\uff0c\u9019\u7a2e\u5feb\u901f\u800c\u6b63\u78ba\u7684\u4efb\u52d9\u8f49\u63db\uff0c\u5c31\u63d0\u5347\u4e86\u5c0f\u660e\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u5247\u662f\u6307\u8a72\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u4f7f\u7528\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u60c5\u5883\u548c\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u96d9\u8a9e\u8005\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u96d9\u8a9e\u8005\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebc\u4ed6\u8aaa\u8a71\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u7d93\u5e38\u6df7\u8457\u8b1b\uff1b\u4f46\u82e5\u96d9\u8a9e\u8005\u5c45\u4f4f\u5728\u55ae\u8a9e\u8005\u793e\u5340\uff0c\u4ed6\u5c31\u5f97\u300c\u898b\u4eba\u8aaa\u4eba\u8a71\uff0c\u898b\u9b3c\u8aaa\u9b3c\u8a71\u300d\uff0c\u4e0d\u80fd\u7e3d\u662f\u5728\u8a9e\u53e5\u4e2d\u6df7\u5165\u5169\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u3002\u9019\u7a2e\u6709\u6c92\u6709\u300c\u6df7\u8457\u8b1b\u300d\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\uff0c\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u6d41\u66a2\u5ea6\u6709\u95dc\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u8981\u5e38\u5e38\u5728\u5169\u7a2e\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e4b\u9593\u5207\u63db\uff0c\u5247\u662f\u56e0\u70ba\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5207\u63db\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u4e5f\u6703\u63d0\u9ad8\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u672c\u8eab\u7684\u6d41\u66a2\u5ea6\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u793e\u5340\u4e2d\u5c45\u4f4f\u7684\u4eba\u5011\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u6e9d\u901a\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u4e86\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u3002\u800c\u5982\u679c\u6df7\u8457\u8b1b\u7684\u60c5\u5f62\u8d8a\u5c11\u3001\u5207\u63db\u8a9e\u8a00\u7684\u60c5\u6cc1\u8d8a\u591a\uff0c\u5c31\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u8d8a\u597d\uff0c\u4e5f\u5c31\u6709\u66f4\u597d\u7684\u57f7\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u4e0a\u65b9\u63d0\u5230\u7684\u9019\u5169\u500b\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u5728Nicoladis\u7b49\u4eba(2018)\u7684\u5be6\u9a57\u4e2d\u88ab\u9a57\u8b49\u51fa\u4f86\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u6253\u7834\u4e86\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u96d9\u8a9e\u8005\u6bd4\u8f03\u8070\u660e\u300d\u7684\u8ff7\u601d\uff0c\u5373\u8a9e\u8a00\u512a\u52e2\u3001\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u548c\u57f7\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u9593\u6c92\u6709\u986f\u8457\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002Nicoladis\u7b49\u4eba\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u5be6\u9a57\u7d50\u679c\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u89e3\u91cb\u70ba\u8a9e\u8a00\u512a\u52e2\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u80fd\u6709\u6548\u7684\u4f5c\u70ba\u57f7\u884c\u529f\u80fd\u7684\u9810\u6e2c\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u6b63\u4ee3\u8868\u8457\u53ef\u80fd\u9084\u6709\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u539f\u56e0\u8207\u500b\u9ad4\u5dee\u7570\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u8af8\u5982\u793e\u7d93\u5730\u4f4d\u3001\u79fb\u6c11\u80cc\u666f\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a18\u61b6\u5bb9\u91cf\u3001\u6587\u5316\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u5f71\u97ff\u5b69\u7ae5\u767c\u5c55\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u7d20\u3002\u800c\u96d9\u8a9e\u8005\u5230\u5e95\u64c1\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u8a8d\u77e5\u4e0a\u7684\u512a\u52e2\uff0c\u4e5f\u9084\u9700\u8981\u518d\u8a0e\u8ad6\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0cNicoladis\u5728\u7814\u7a76\u4e2d\u9084\u6709\u500b\u610f\u5916\u7684\u767c\u73fe\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u767c\u73fe\u4f4f\u5728\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u793e\u5340\u88e1\u4e26\u4e0d\u662f\u5f71\u97ff\u8a9e\u8a00\u512a\u52e2\u548c\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u4e3b\u8981\u56e0\u7d20\uff0c\u793e\u5340\u88e1\u9762\u6709\u592a\u591a\u53ef\u80fd\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u6703\u5f71\u97ff\u5230\u5b69\u7ae5\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u767c\u5c55\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u5bb6\u5ead\u53ef\u80fd\u626e\u6f14\u4e86\u66f4\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u89d2\u8272\uff0c\u5728\u5bb6\u4e2d\u7684\u8a9e\u8a00\u7df4\u7fd2\u4ecd\u662f\u5f71\u97ff\u5b69\u7ae5\u8a9e\u8a00\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u95dc\u9375\u3002\u679c\u7136\uff0c\u300c\u6bcd\u8a9e\u300d\u9084\u662f\u5f97\u8981\u5abd\u5abd\u6559\uff0c\u5728\u628a\u5b69\u5b50\u4e00\u80a1\u8166\u5152\u7684\u9001\u51fa\u53bb\u63a5\u53d7\u96d9\u8a9e\u6559\u80b2\u524d\uff0c\u4ecd\u5f97\u5148\u601d\u8003\u5230\u5e95\u60f3\u8981\u8a13\u7df4\u5b69\u5b50\u4ec0\u9ebc\u6a23\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff1f\u6216\u8005\u5bb6\u9577\u81ea\u4e3b\u63d0\u5347\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u8b93\u5bb6\u5ead\u6574\u9ad4\u7684\u6559\u80b2\u77e5\u80fd\u4e00\u8d77\u6b63\u5411\u767c\u5c55\uff1f\u8a9e\u8a00\u4e0d\u53ea\u8981\u80fd\u8aaa\u5f97\u597d\uff0c\u66f4\u8981\u8aaa\u5f97\u5de7\u3001\u8aaa\u5f97\u7cbe\u3001\u8aaa\u5f97\u6df1\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u503c\u5f97\u518d\u53bb\u601d\u8003\u8a9e\u8a00\u548c\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u4e4b\u9593\u7684\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong>Nicoladis, E., Hui, D., & Wiebe, S. A. Language Dominance and Cognitive Flexibility in French-English Bilingual Children. Frontiers in psychology. <\/em>2018.<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

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