{"id":33188,"date":"2018-12-04T00:11:09","date_gmt":"2018-12-03T16:11:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33188"},"modified":"2019-07-31T11:07:29","modified_gmt":"2019-07-31T03:07:29","slug":"%e5%b0%8d%e6%8a%97%e8%80%81%e5%b9%b4%e9%80%80%e5%8c%96%ef%bc%81%e8%aa%8d%e7%9f%a5%e8%a8%93%e7%b7%b4%e9%81%8a%e6%88%b2%e8%88%87%e7%a5%9e%e7%b6%93%e5%8f%af%e5%a1%91%e6%80%a7","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/?p=33188","title":{"rendered":"\u5c0d\u6297\u8001\u5e74\u9000\u5316\uff01\u8a8d\u77e5\u8a13\u7df4\u904a\u6232\u8207\u795e\u7d93\u53ef\u5851\u6027"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment_33189\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-33189\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-33189\" src=\"http:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/senior-3336451_1280.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"450\" height=\"312\" 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class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u5716\u7247\u4f86\u6e90\uff1apixabay.com<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><strong>\u64b0\u6587\uff5c\u738b\u51a0\u4e91<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u9010\u6b65\u9081\u5411\u8001\u5e74\u7684\u6210\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8001\u5316\u6240\u4f34\u96a8\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u751f\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9000\u5316\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7d42\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u5c07\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u81ea\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u9ad8\u9f61\u8005\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0d\u6297\u8001\u5316\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u574a\u9593\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u300c\u5927\u8166\u8a13\u7df4\u904a\u6232\u300d\u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u8001\u4eba\u5c0d\u6297\u5927\u8166\u8001\u5316\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5ba3\u7a31\u80fd\u5c0d\u6297\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u5df2\u7d93\u8001\u5316\u7684\u5927\u8166\u9084\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u6709\u6240\u6539\u5584\u55ce\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u8981\u6539\u5584\u8001\u5316\u7684\u5fc3\u667a\uff0c\u5c31\u5fc5\u9808\u5f97\u6539\u5584\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u800c\u300c\u6539\u5584\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u300d\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u4e4b\u6240\u4ee5\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u5fc5\u7136\u5f97\u6709\u300c\u795e\u7d93\u53ef\u5851\u6027\uff08plasticity\uff09\u300d\u70ba\u524d\u63d0\u3002\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u662f\u4e00\u7a2e\u80fd\u529b\uff0c\u6307\u7684\u662f\u53ef\u4ee5\u6301\u7e8c\u5730\u6539\u8b8a\u7d50\u69cb\u6216\u662f\u529f\u80fd\u4f86\u5c0d\u4e00\u4e9b\u985e\u578b\u7684\u5916\u5728\u523a\u6fc0\u7d66\u4e88\u56de\u61c9\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u754c\u5b9a\u8166\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u662f\u5426\u4ecd\u5177\u6709\u795e\u7d93\u53ef\u5851\u6027\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5f9e\u4e09\u500b\u65b9\u5411\u4f86\u63a2\u7d22\uff1a\u4e00\u3001\u795e\u7d93\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6539\u8b8a\uff1b\u4e8c\u3001\u900f\u904e\u8a13\u7df4\u589e\u52a0\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u7d44\u7e54\uff1b\u4e09\u3001\u80fd\u5426\u5c07\u8a13\u7df4\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u6539\u5584\u8f49\u79fb\u5230\u5176\u4ed6\u4efb\u52d9\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u81f3\u65bc\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\u5c64\u9762\uff0c\u96d6\u7136\u96a8\u8457\u5e74\u9f61\u7684\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u4e0b\u964d\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u907f\u514d\u7684\u4e8b\u5be6\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u6211\u5011\u4ecd\u6709\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u80fd\u529b\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u5e74\u9f61\u800c\u964d\u4f4e\u7684\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u9084\u6703\u63d0\u9ad8\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u5305\u542b\u8655\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\uff08speed of processing\uff09\u3001\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a18\u61b6\uff08working memory\uff09\u3001\u9577\u671f\u8a18\u61b6\uff08long-term memory\uff09\u3001\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8b58\uff08world knowledge\uff09\u7b49\u9762\u5411\u3002\u6e2c\u91cf\u9019\u4e9b\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u5927\u81f4\u4e0a\u6709\uff1a\u8655\u7406\u901f\u5ea6\u5982\u6578\u5b57\u3001\u6587\u5b57\u7b49\u7684\u6bd4\u8f03\u80fd\u529b\uff1b\u5de5\u4f5c\u8a18\u61b6\u5982\u6587\u5b57\u65cb\u8f49\u4efb\u52d9\u3001\u95b1\u8b80\u3001\u8a08\u7b97\u80fd\u529b\u7b49\uff1b\u9577\u671f\u8a18\u61b6\u6709\u300cBenton\u300d\u6e2c\u8a66\u3001\u300cRey\u300d\u6e2c\u8a66\u7b49\uff1b\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8b58\u5247\u662f\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u8a5e\u5f59\uff08vocabulary\uff09\u6e2c\u8a66\u5de5\u5177\u3002\u96a8\u8457\u5e74\u7d00\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u524d\u4e09\u9805\u80fd\u529b\u6703\u6162\u6162\u7684\u8870\u9000\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u77e5\u8b58\u537b\u6703\u96a8\u8457\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u5e74\u6b72\u7684\u589e\u9577\u800c\u9010\u6f38\u7d2f\u7a4d\uff0c\u4e26\u4e0d\u6703\u50cf\u524d\u4e09\u9805\u80fd\u529b\u4e00\u822c\u6d41\u5931\uff0c\u53ea\u6709\u5230\u8d85\u9ad8\u9f61\uff08\u516b\u3001\u4e5d\u5341\u6b72\uff09\u4ee5\u4e0a\u7684\u6642\u5019\uff0c\u624d\u6703\u7a0d\u5fae\u4e0b\u964d\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u4e0d\u8b93\u5927\u8166\u9000\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u751f\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u5927\u8166\u4fdd\u8b77\u81ea\u5df1\u9000\u5316\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u300c\u795e\u7d93\u88dc\u511f\uff08neural compensation\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u6839\u64da\u9df9\u67b6\u7406\u8ad6\uff08The scaffolding theory of aging and cognition, STAC\uff09\uff0c\u9ad8\u9f61\u8005\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u88dc\u511f\u6027\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u6d3b\u52d5\u4f86\u7dad\u6301\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ea6\u5373\u6703\u7522\u751f\u984d\u5916\u7684\u96fb\u8def\u7cfb\u7d71\uff08additional circuitry\uff09\u4f86\u652f\u63f4\u3002\u7531\u65bc\u795e\u7d93\u7d44\u7e54\u7684\u9ad4\u7a4d\u6703\u6536\u7e2e\uff08shrinkage\uff09\u3001\u767d\u8cea\uff08white matter\uff09\u6e1b\u5c11\u3001\u6fb1\u7c89\u86cb\u767d\uff08amyloid\uff09\u6c88\u7a4d\uff0c\u9023\u5e36\u7684\u8166\u795e\u7d93\u6d3b\u52d5\u529f\u80fd\u4e0b\u964d\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5927\u8166\u767c\u5c55\u51fa\u300c\u88dc\u511f\u300d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u4f86\u56de\u61c9\u9019\u4e9b\u9000\u5316\u7684\u751f\u7406\u8b8a\u5316\u3002\u800c\u8a8d\u77e5\u8a13\u7df4\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u662f\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5927\u8166\u767c\u5c55\u66f4\u591a\u9019\u7a2e\u300c\u88dc\u511f\u6027\u7684\u9df9\u67b6\u300d\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u9664\u6b64\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u5927\u8166\u4e5f\u80fd\u5920\u9032\u884c\u300c\u795e\u7d93\u4fdd\u5b58\uff08neural reserve\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u9019\u4e00\u985e\u7684\u795e\u7d93\u8cc7\u6e90\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7531\u65bc\u7d93\u9a57\u800c\u589e\u52a0\u7684\uff0c\u6240\u8b02\u300c\u8591\u662f\u8001\u7684\u8fa3\u300d\uff0c\u4ea6\u6709\u5b78\u8005\u63d0\u51fa\u300c\u8a8d\u77e5\u4fdd\u5b58\u6a21\u5f0f\uff08Cognitive reserve model\uff09\u300d\uff0c\u6b64\u6a21\u5f0f\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u8a8d\u77e5\u4fdd\u5b58\u4e86\u4e00\u4e9b\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u548c\u884c\u70ba\u662f\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u70ba\u5e74\u9f61\u800c\u6d88\u9000\u7684\uff0c\u5982\u8b58\u5b57\u80fd\u529b\u3001\u4e00\u76f4\u53c3\u8207\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u3001\u751f\u6d3b\u578b\u614b\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\u9ad8\u9f61\u8005\u4f9d\u7136\u7d2f\u7a4d\u4e86\u8a31\u591a\u548c\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u6709\u95dc\u7684\u7d93\u9a57\u3002<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #008080;\"><strong>\u25cf\u90a3\u9ebd\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u8a13\u7df4\u6211\u7684\u5927\u8166\uff0c\u8b93\u5b83\u8b8a\u5e74\u8f15\u55ce\uff1f<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p>\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u6574\u500b\u5927\u8166\u7cfb\u7d71\u672c\u8eab\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u771f\u7684\u80fd\u7522\u751f\u7d50\u69cb\u4e0a\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff1f\u6211\u5011\u5148\u662f\u63d0\u5230\u4e86\u795e\u7d93\u53ef\u5851\u6027\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53c8\u8aaa\u660e\u4e86\u5927\u8166\u7dad\u6301\u6a5f\u80fd\u7684\u751f\u7406\u6a5f\u5236\uff0c\u9019\u662f\u5426\u4ee3\u8868\u4e86\u4eba\u985e\u80fd\u4e0d\u7ba1\u5e74\u9f61\u7684\u8b8a\u5316\uff0c\u6301\u7e8c\u8a13\u7df4\u5927\u8166\u8b93\u81ea\u5df1\u589e\u52a0\u66f4\u591a\u795e\u7d93\u7d50\u69cb\u5462\uff1f\u5f88\u53ef\u60dc\u7684\uff0c\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u7d50\u679c\u4f86\u770b\uff0c\u300c\u4eba\u5b9a\u52dd\u5929\u300d\u4ecd\u662f\u5b58\u7591\u7684\u3002\u6c92\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\u900f\u904e\u8a13\u7df4\u53ef\u4ee5\u300c\u6c38\u4e45\u300d\u5730\u6539\u5584\u795e\u7d93\u9ad4\u7a4d\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u9032\u884c\u4e86\u7279\u5b9a\u7684\u8a8d\u77e5\u8a13\u7df4\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u4e0d\u4e00\u5b9a\u80fd\u628a\u8a13\u7df4\u5167\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u61c9\u7528\u5230\u8a13\u7df4\u5916\u7684\u76f8\u4f3c\u4efb\u52d9\u4e0a\u3002\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u70ba\u4e86\u8981\u8b93\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u900f\u904e\u8a8d\u77e5\u8a13\u7df4\u7684\u6548\u679c\u7dad\u6301\u4f4f\uff0c\u8b8a\u6210\u5f97\u8b93\u9ad8\u9f61\u8005\u6301\u7e8c\u4e0d\u505c\u7684\u63a5\u53d7\u5927\u8166\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u5149\u662f\u9019\u6a23\u807d\u8d77\u4f86\u5c31\u662f\u4e00\u500b\u7121\u804a\u53c8\u5403\u529b\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5343\u842c\u4e0d\u8981\u62b1\u6301\u8457\u300c\u53cd\u6b63\u5927\u8166\u6703\u9000\u5316\uff0c\u90a3\u9ebd\u6211\u4e5f\u4e0d\u60f3\u7ba1\u5b83\u4e86\u300d\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff0c\u5c31\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u6210\u679c\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u6c92\u8fa6\u6cd5\u9006\u8f49\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u4e0b\u964d\u7684\u72c0\u6cc1\uff0c\u4f46\u4ecd\u6709\u8b49\u64da\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e\u67d0\u4e9b\u8a13\u7df4\uff0c\u8b93\u9000\u5316\u7684\u901f\u5ea6\u6e1b\u7de9\u4e00\u4e9b\u3002\u7814\u7a76\u986f\u793a\uff0c\u4e45\u5750\u4e0d\u52d5\u7684\u9ad8\u9f61\u8005\u5982\u679c\u53c3\u52a0\u4e86\u6709\u6c27\u904b\u52d5\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u6e1b\u7de9\u524d\u984d\u8449\u7684\u7e2e\u6e1b\u3002\u6216\u8005\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u96a8\u8457\u5e74\u9f61\u7684\u589e\u9577\uff0c\u667a\u6167\u548c\u7d93\u9a57\u4e5f\u90fd\u6709\u6240\u9032\u6b65\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u5373\u4f7f\u795e\u7d93\u6d3b\u52d5\u5c11\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u795e\u7d93\u6d3b\u52d5\u7684\u6548\u7387\u537b\u662f\u6bd4\u8f03\u9ad8\u7684\u3002\u800c\u9ad8\u9f61\u8005\u5982\u679c\u7dad\u6301\u7a4d\u6975\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u591a\u591a\u9032\u884c\u793e\u4ea4\u53c3\u8207\u8207\u5f9e\u4e8b\u9700\u8981\u667a\u529b\u7684\u6d3b\u52d5\uff0c\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5ef6\u7de9\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u7684\u767c\u751f\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u53c3\u8003\u8cc7\u6599\uff1a<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC3622463\/\">Park, D. C., &amp; Bischof, G. N. The aging mind: neuroplasticity in response to cognitive training.&nbsp;<em>Dialogues in clinical neuroscience<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>15<\/em>(1), 109.&nbsp;&nbsp;(2013).<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC2518066\/\">Bowles, R. P., &amp; Salthouse, T. A. (2008). Vocabulary test format and differential relations to age.&nbsp;<em>Psychology and aging<\/em>,&nbsp;<em>23<\/em>(2), 366-76.<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u25a0\u5c0d\u65bc\u4e00\u4e9b\u9010\u6b65\u9081\u5411\u8001\u5e74\u7684\u6210\u4eba\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u8001\u5316\u6240\u4f34\u96a8\u7684\u7a2e\u7a2e\u751f\u7406\u529f\u80fd\u3001\u8a8d\u77e5\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u9000\u5316\u610f\u5473\u8457\u7d42\u6709\u4e00\u5929\u5c07\u53ef\u80fd\u7121\u6cd5\u518d\u81ea\u7406\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u751f\u6d3b\uff0c\u9019\u4e5f\u662f\u76ee\u524d\u9ad8\u9f61\u8005\u6700\u5927\u7684\u6050\u61fc\u3002\u70ba\u4e86\u5c0d\u6297\u8001\u5316\u7684\u5a01\u8105\uff0c\u574a\u9593\u6709\u8a31\u591a\u516c\u53f8\u958b\u767c\u4e86\u300c\u5927\u8166\u8a13\u7df4\u904a\u6232\u300d\u4f86\u5354\u52a9\u8001\u4eba\u5c0d\u6297\u5927\u8166\u8001\u5316\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5ba3\u7a31\u80fd\u5c0d\u6297\u963f\u8332\u6d77\u9ed8\u75c7\u3002\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8b70\u984c\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":20,"featured_media":33189,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[257,3293],"tags":[2265,4078,4079,4077],"aioseo_notices":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/senior-3336451_1280.jpg","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33188"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/20"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=33188"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33188\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":33190,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/33188\/revisions\/33190"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/33189"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=33188"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=33188"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/case.ntu.edu.tw\/blog\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=33188"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}